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HALE'S HISTORY 



OF 




AGRICULTURE 
^ BY DATES, 

A SIMPLE RECORD OF 

HISTORICAL EVENTS and 

VICTORIES OF PEACEFUL INDUSTRIES. 

PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH 

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Mr. PHILIP H. HALE, 

Editor and Compiler 

History of Agriculture by Dates. 



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PREFACE. 



...HALE'S... 

HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 

BY DATES. 



THIS is the multiplication of brief items relating 
to the Live Stock and Agricultural History 
of the World. The intention was to make a short 
but interesting list of items without publishing a 
volume of any size. 

In the attempt to grow a little unimportant 
shrubbery we accidentally planted a Tree of 
Knowledge, which, having lived and borne fruit 
for four successive editions, is destined to become 
the great and lasting historical record of the 
Peaceful Industries of Humanity. 

We have no apology to offer for the scraps of 
information which are presented in the book. 
Two-thirds of the items appearing in The History 
of Agriculture by Dates occurred during the life- 
time of the editor and were recorded in the current 
news and literature of the day. The earlier items 
are found in so many different compilations that 
the original source of many facts of history con- 
tained in this book is unknown. 

This is the edition of 1915. It is not complete, 
but is a useful and interesting book of reference. 
Use it freely. A better edition will be issued later. 

Respectfully submitted by 




U/?^^i^6^^-^ 



EDITOR AND COMPILER. 



JUL -6 1915 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 



BY DATES. 



Edited by Philip H. Hale— Copyright by the Hale Publishing Co. 



"If History without Chronologj^ is dark and confused, Chronology without 
History is dry and insipid." — A. Holmes. 




"THE EARTH AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF." 
A variety of products from an ordinary farm in the center of the United States. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



SCRIPTURAIi QUOTATIONS. 

And God said: "Let there be light;" and 
tliere was light. The creation of the world. 

"And God made the beast of the earth 
after His kind and cattle after kind, and 
everything that creepeth upon the earth 
after His kind, and God saw that it was 
good." 

And God said: "Let the earth bring forth 
grass, the herb yielding seed and the fruit 
tree yielding fruit after His kind, whose seed 
is in itself, upon the earth ;" and it was so. 

"God made the earth and the heavens. 
And evei"y plant of the field before it was in 
the earth, and everj' herb of the field before 
it grew, for the Lord had not caused it to 
rain upon the earth and there was not a 
man to till the ground." 



Year. 

4241 B. C. — Egyptian astronomers of the 
Nile Delta gave to mankind the calendar 
which divides the year into 365 days. Also 
first recorded date in the history of the 
world. 

4004 B. C. — ^"Therefore the Lord God sent 
him (Adam) forth from the garden of Eden 
to till the ground,frojn whence he was taken." 

4004 B. C. — "Thorns also and thistles shall 
it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat 
the herbs of the field." 

4003 B. C. — "Abel was a keeper of sheep 
and Cain was a tiller of the ground. 

3875 B. C — "And Adah bare Jabal; he 
was the father of such as dwell in tents and 
have cattle." 

3500 B. C. — According to archaeologists 
horses were domesticated in Babylonia anl 
the country now known as Asia Minor at a 
very early period. Actual date is uncertain 
within a few hundred years, and the infor 
mation is obtained from the characters 
appearing on the ruins of ancient buildings 

2700 B. C. — 'At this early day certain 
cereal and forage grasses now classed as 
millets formed one of the chief sources of 
food in China. The Chinese also claim that 
wheat was used as food by them at the 
iiame period as a direct gift from Heaven 

2349 B. C. — "And the rain was upon the 
earth forty days and forty nights." 

2349 B. C. — According to the Scriptures 
Noah entered the ark, taking with him of 
clean beas's, by sevens, the male and the 
female, and of beasts that are unclean, by 
twos, the male and his female, and the 
fowls of the air, by sevens, the male and 
the female. 

2348 B. C. — '"Neither shall all flesh be cut 
off any more by the waters of a flood; 
neither shall there any more be a flood to 
destroy the earth." 

2348 B. C. — "While the earth remaineth, 
seed time and harvest, and cold and heat, 
summer and winter, day and night, shall not 
cease." 

2000 B. C. — The Date Palm had already 

become a well-known fruit tree at this time. 

^ 2000 to 1400 B. €. — Hindoos interested in 

cattle raising valued their cows according 

to the yield of butter. 

1918 B. C. — "And Abraham was very rich 
in cattle, in silver and in gold." 

1918 B. C. — The land could not support the 
immense flocks and herds of Abraham and 
Lot, therefore they separated. Then Abraham 
said unto Lot: "Let there be no strife be- 
tween thy herdsmen and my herdsmen. If 
thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go 
to the right. If thou will go to tlie right I 
will go to the left." 

1898 B. C. — Abimilech gave many valu- 
able presents to Abraham, such as oxen, 
she-asses and he-asses, but no mention is 
made of horses or swine. 

1804 B. C. — "Then Isaac sowed in that 
land and received in the same year an 
hundred fold." 

1747 B. C. — "And Reuben went in the days 
of wheat harvest and found mandrakes in 
the field and brought them unto his mother 
Leah." 

1746 B. C. — Jacob was the first to recog- 
nize live stock breeding as a possibility. 



He bred streaked, speckled and spotted 
cattle and mated the strong with the 
strong for his own purposes. He also made 
the first known contract for running stock 
on shares, which resulted in his getting the 
best and largest share. 

1715 B. C. — Commencement of the seven 
years of abundance in Egypt, followed by 
seven-years' famine, as foretold by Joseph 
10 Pharaoh. ".\nd Joseph gathered corn as 
the sand of the sea. very much, until he 
left numbering; for it was without 
number." 

1700 B. C. — .Toi^eph gave the Egyptians 
bread in exchange for horses. First men- 
lion of the horse in the .Scriptures. 

1500 B. C. — ^A tomb in Eigypt probably 
built about this time bears a painting which 
shows the various operations connected with 
harvesting the grain. 

1491 B. C. — "And the flax and the barley 
was smitten, for the barley was in the ear 
and the flax wag boiled. But the wheat and 
rie were not smitten, for they were not 
grown up." 

1490 B. C. — "And every oblation of thy 
meat offering shalt thou season with salt. 
* * * With all thine offerings thou shalt 
offer salt." 

1471 B. C. — ^"Speak unto the children of 
I.srael that they bring thee a red heifer 
without spot, wherein is no blemish and 
upon which never came yoke." 

1451 B. C. — ^"A land of wheat, and barley, 
and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; 
a land of oil olive and honey." 




FAT RtTMPFD SHLCP — Accoiding to 
the earliest authentic accounts the flocks of 
the patriarch.al shepherds were of the fat- 
rumped breed. This is particularly an 
.Asiatic sheep and found in Palestine in 
larger numbers than any other breed. It is 
also found in purest strain in the great 
Tartary of Russia. It is known as the 
largest breed of the unimiproved sheep. 
The illustration is from a book entitled 
"The American Shepherd," edited in 1843 
by L. A. Morrell. Several other illustrations 
are from the same volume. 



1430 B. C. — Thothmes, III., greates^t of 
the Egyptian kings, left a papyrus record 
of his contest of Mesopotamia, in Asia, and 
priding himself upon obtaining the racing 
liorsc and introducing him into Egypt. 

1400 B. C.^ — Fowls, the oldest recorded of 
our domestic animal.s, were introduced into 
China about this time. An ancient Chinese 
authority say.s: "Fowls are creatures of the 
West." The common fowl is supposed to 
have sprung from the wild jungle cock in 
the East Indies. 

1312 B. C. — "And Boaz said unto Ruth: 
"At mealtime come thou hither and eat of 
the bread and dip thy morsel in the vinegar; 
and she sat beside the reapers and he 
reached her parched corn." 

1193 B. C. — "To Helen in the Palace, 
weaving there an ample web, a shining 
double robe, whereon were many conflicts 
fairly wrought." — ^Quotation from the Siege 
of Troy. 

1184 B. C. — ^"Endured by the horse -taming 
sons of Troy." — 'Quotation from the Trojan 
War. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1030 B. C — Then all the king's sons arose 
and every man gat him upon his mule and 

fled. 

1030 B. C — "And it came to pass that 
after two full years Absalom had sheep 
shearers in Baalhazor." 

1020 B. C — King- David of Israel was a 
Brreat ranrhnian, as evidenced by his own 
words: "F'or every beast of the forest is 
mine and cattle upon a thousand hills." 

1015 B. C— King David said: "Take with 
you the servants of your L.ord and cause 
Solomon, my son, to- ride upon mine own 
mule." 

1014 B. C. — "And .=;olomon had forty 
thousand stalls of horses for hi.s chariots 
and Iwelve thousand horsemen: barley, also, 
and straw for their hor.-^es. and dromedaries 
brought tliey also into the place where the 
olficers were." 

1014 B. C. — ".\nd .Solomon's provisions for 
one day was thirty measures of fine flour 
and three score measures of fine meal, ten 
fat oxen and twenty oxen out of the pas- 
tures and an hundred sheep, besides harts, 
roebucks, fallow deer and fatted fowl." 
King So'oinon's life records the first stall- 
fed eattle and fatted poultry. 

1000 B. r. — "Better a dinner of herhs 
where love is than a stalled ox and hatred 
therewith." From the Proverbs of Solomon. 

992 B. C. — "And Solomon had horses 
brought up out of Egypt and the king's 
merchants received linen yarn at a price." 

906 B. C. — ^And Ahale said unto Obadiah: 
"Go into the land until all the fountains of 
water and unto all brooks; peradventure we 
may find g:rass to save the horses and mules 
alive that we lose not all the beasts." 

900 B. C. — The poet Homer flourished 
about this time. In his Odyssey he says: 
"He neyt betakes him to hisi evening cares. 
And, sitting down, to nriilk his ewes prepares; 
Of half their udders eases first the dams. 
Then to their mothers' teats submits the 

lambs. 
Half the white stream to hardening cheese 

he pressed, 
And high in wicker baskets heaped; the 

rest. 
Reserved in I^owls. supplied the mighty 

feast." 
896 B. C. — "And Mesha, King of Moab, 
was a sheeijn'iaster and rendered unto the 
King of Israel one hundred tliousand lamlis 
and an hundred thousand rams with the 
wool." 

753 B. C. — This is the year in which Rome 
was .founded by Romulus. 

725 B. C. — "Doth the plowman plow all 
day to sow? Doth he open and break the 
clods of his ground? When he hath inade 
plain the face thereof, doth he not cast 
abroad the fitches and scatter the cummin 
and cast in the principal wheat and the 
appointed barley and the rie in their 
places?" 

725 B. C. — "For his God doth instruct him 
to discretion and doth teach him: "For the 
fitches are not threshed with a thresliingr 
instrument, neither is a cartwheel turned 
about the cummin, but tlie fitches are beaten 
out with a staff and the cummin with a 
rod." 

708 B C. — The Grecian colony of Taren- 
line. in Italy, established a breed of fine- 
wool shcep,imported there from Asia Minor. 

680 B. C. — The horse was introduced into 
the arena Ly the Greeks in the twenty-third 
Olympiad and the birth of horse racing may 
be fixed at this time. In the beginning the 
horses were ridden and the contests were 
over a distance of four miles; later, in the 
twenty-fifth Olympiad, chariots were in- 
troduced. 

600 B. C. — At this time Angora groats 

were known to exist at Angora, Aisia Minor. 
.'595 B. C. — "Take thou also unto thee 
millet and fitches, and put them in one 
vessel and make thee bread thereof." 

550 B. V. — Cincinnatns Roman patrician, 
called from his farm to the dictatorship of 
Rome in order to save the state. He suc- 
ceeded in bringing peace to his country, and 
then returned to his farm. 



510 B. C. — Darius, one of the Persian 

Chiefs, who had succeeded in dethroning 
the usurper, the false Smerdis, was elected 
King of Persia. The Chiefs agreed to meet 
early one morning on horseback and to 
bestow the crown upon the one whose horse 
neighed first after sunri.se. It appears that 
the groom of Darius, apprised of this 
project, led his master's horse in the night 
with a mare to the appointed place, and in 
consequence of this stratagem the hor.se of 
Darius neighed loud and long when the 
Chiefs were assembled. Darius was then 
saluted as King, and the choice was 
approved by the people. 

500 B. C. — "For he hath given you rain 
moderately. * » • And the floors shall 
be full of wheat and the fats shall overflow 
with wine and oil." 

495 B. C. — ^Job was a large stock owner. 
"His substance was 7,000 sheep, 3,000 
camels, .500 yoke of oxen and 500 she asses." 

480 B. C— The battle of Thermopylae be- 
tween the Greeks and the Persians was 
fought in this year. 

460 B. C. — Hippocrates knew something of 
the movement of the blood. 

450 B. C. — Butter used by the Scythians, 
the people inhabiting the country near the 
Black and Caspian seas. 

400 B. C. — About ihis year Xenophon, a 
Greek historian and soldier, wrote a de- 
scription of a good horse and giving in- 
structions how one may be the Iqast 
deceived in the purchase of horses 




THE FAT-TAILED SHEEP is considered 
as a Persian production. This is a pure 
breed found throughout Asia and a part of 
■Vfrica. They are herded upon the open 
country. The carpets and rugs for which 
Persia is famous are manufactured from the 
wool of these sheep. 



384 B. C. — Aristotle taught that in man 
and the higher animals the blood was 
elaborated from the food in the liver, 
thence carried to the heart and by this 
organ through the veins over the body. It 
is called the discovery of the circulation of 
the blood.. 

.340 B. C. — Theophrastus, Greek philos- 
opher, one of the first to study plant grow- 
ing. He preserved the writings of Aristotle. 
He spoke of the productions of old pear 
trees. 

313 B. C. — The Appian Way the "Queen 
of Koads," extending 350 miles from Rome 
to Drumdisium, was begun this year by 
Caesar Appius Claudiu.s. It has borne the 
iralTic of 2,000 years without material 
injury. 

264 B. C— Carthage, in Northern Africa, 
at war witli Rome, almost continually, until 
destroyed in the year 146 B. C. 

149 B. C. — Cato, the Censor, Roman cit- 
izen, died in this year. He gave to the 
world the most minute particulars regard- 
ing the management of slaves on his large 
Sabine farm, also all the details of hus- 
bandry, from the plowing to the reaping 
and thrashing of the crop. 

140 B. C. — As the Romans conquered the 
smaller states of Italy they took possession 
of the conquered lands, passed the Agrarian 
law, which enacted that no citizen should 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



possess more than 500 acres. The enforce- 
ment of this law occasioned civil war, which 
lasted several years. 

80 B. C. — Fine-wool sheep of Spain spoken 

of by tne historian Strabo. 

,^?.^- 5'-;r'''*'* ^^ *•*«' y*"*"" of th»^ eruption 
ot Mount Vesuvius, when Pompeii and Her- 
eulaneum were destrojetl. 

73 B. O. — The construction of the 

Colosseum of Rome was begun this year 

under the direction of the Emperor Ves- 
pasian. 

TiJ* ^V ^- — -"^ccordins to the naturalisr, 
t 'my, the common cherry tree was intro- 
duced mto Italy by the Roman soldier 
T.UCU11US from .:'erasus. in Pontus, A,sia 
Mmor, about this time. 
^ 60 B. C. — Butter first used by the Portu- 

55 B C.—This is tlie year in which Julius 
Caesar first visited Britain. 
„/*,»• C-. Maieh 15.— This was the dav 
of the assassination of Julius Caesar iii 

40 B. C. — Virgil mentions pears Which he 
received from Cato. 

«hn'?,^^%?;7~l" '^® Georgrics, a poem written 
about this time and which is the best 
\Mr°pT "/, '-^'^ ancient works on agriculture, 
\ir§il, the poet, advises husbandmen to 
brin.? down the waters of a river upon the 

rnd"tbT''!ii.S"'^ i"'"-''" ^^'^ ««''' '« parched 
hrnw^f ^ u-f, ^l''>""f' convey it from the 
blow of a hiU in channels." This is the 
iir.st writing on irrigation. 

ihV ■§• ^'-""l" t>^'s year the Romans under 

i^ntwn''^™'' '^STippa built the famous 

lantheon oc eonerete. This building is still 

standin.- and the splendid dome, 142 feet 

[eria^City" ""'' °^ ^"^ **'^'''' °* ^^^ ^"'' 



CHRISTIAN ERA— FIRST CENTURY. 

31.— "The kingdom of heaven is like to a 
grain of mustard seed which a man took 
and sowed in his field, which is indeed the 
ea.st of all seeds, but when it is grown it i« 

fodt'p in t^^^^'^^ ''u'"''^ °^ "^^ ■'^"- come and 
lodge in the branches thereof." 

32. — ^And Jesus said unto him: "No man 
having put his hand to the plow, and look" 
ing back. IS fit for the kingdom of God!" 
„„l*-~^" . interesting and valuable item 

keSf''?n'^ r" '^"^ /'^.^'^ Diurna," a record 
kept in Rome during the reign of the 
Emperor Caligula and reproduced later 
"TheU':nn'' -V^'?'' '" his'^work entiUed 
Tri^^J^ifi^" °^ Tnmalchio." It seems that 
?ta iv ^nli i^^''^'"^ farmer near Cumae, in 
ilrlr^t J^ .^'^. ^^""^ occupied an immense 
tVv% -ni *r'''''°!J:, "^'^e work referred to 
IZV n " •^""'^ '-^*'^' °" Trimalehio's farm 
near Cumae. were born seventy children of 
whom thirty-.six were of the male sex. The 
same day fifty thousand modii of wheat 
were removed from the thrashing floor to 
he granaries; nve hundred young oxen 
were broken The same day one of the 
cruc'iflxinn"''"^ Mithridates, was executed bv 
crucifixion, because he had cursed the 
sacred name of the emperor, 

brm,•^t'■^f'iw^*^'''■^•/^" '"*« S^O"*! ground and 

Drought forth fruit, some an hundred-fold 
some sixty-fold and some thirty-fold." 

eraM,T'V?°,"^ MV'' *""*' Lucius Junius Mod- 
? vin . r°"i"'""'' '^ .Roman citizen, wrote 
twelve books on agriculture, one of which 
?e,.5i""'^^"'"^'^' ^"^*t"'a De Re Rustica, is in 
nons'h.Ynt "''^'■^s are still extant, transla- 
tions being available, 

,^*- — ^-^ supposed improved variety of 
■rj "•'"'^'^ introduced in Britain about the 
middle of the first century. 

Cnln'r^Tl^? ^^^ ^V^^. "^ Emperor Claudius, 
rntl-.^,^ ; "" distinguished agriculturist, 
introduced many of the Tarentine breed of 
sheep from Italy into Spain, which oountrv 
\\as under Roman dominion at that time 
n,f^ K*^" ""^'^^ S- -eneral improver of sheep 
fml^rf^"'^'^'' -*"" ["-ineipal originator of an 
i^^ f hne-wool sheep husbandi-,-, which 
,\^!^. ^\. ^'P^'" '^^'s enriched three conti- 
nents—Europe. America and Australia. 

*''*• — ^Poppaea Sabina. wife of Nero, Em- 
peror of the Romans, is reported to have 



paid a sum equal to American four cents a 
quart for asses' milk to bathe in. 

75. — In Pompeii, an ancient city of Naples, 
afterwards destroyed by an eruption of 
Mount Vesuvius, it is stated that a six- 
ounce loaf of wheat bread cost a sum equal 
io three cents of the present day. 

75. — 'Publicus Cornelius Tacitus, Roman 
historian. mentions the manufacture of 
woolen cloth at Cirencester, Gloucestershire, 
in England, stating that the fullers (engaged 
in finishinig oloth) were allowed to dry their 
cloth by the roadsides. ^ 

77. — ^Pliny, the Elder, Roman author, 
bnrn A. D. 23, left a work entitled "Natural 
History." In his writings there is the 
first account of a machine for reaplii.g 
grain. He says: "In the extensive fields in 
the lowlands of Gaul, vans of large size, 
with pro.iecting teeth on the edge, are 
driven on two wheels through the standinf; 
srain by an ox in a reversed position; in 
this manner the ears are torn olf and 
llird'.vn into the van." 



THE THIRD CENTURY. 

380. — It is generally believed that about 
this time Emperor Probus encouraged the 
planting of vineyards in Britain. 



THE FOURTH CENTURY. 

325. — Included in the writings which 
assert that Egypt. Nubia. Assyria and 
Persia all had horses before Arabia, is the 
assertion that the Roman Emperor Constan- 
tine presented the Arab Sheiks of the triVte 
called Yemen with 200 well-bred horses 
from Cappadocia. in Asia Minor. Constaii- 
tine died in the year U;?7. 

400. — From this year to 409 the Romans 
were leaving Britain. 



THIC FIFTH CENTURY. 

453. — Year in whic'h the city of Venice 
was founded. 

476. — About this .vear commenced a 
period in which for several hnudred years 
were called the Dark Ages. 



THE SEVENTH CENTURY. 

632, June 30. — This is the year of the 
Ilegira, the name given to the flight of the 
Prophet 3Iahomet from Mecca. 



THE EIGHTH CENTURY. 

732. — The battie of Tours, in which 
Charles Martel defeated the Saracens, is 
considered as contributing to the establish- 
inent of horse breeding in LaPerche and 
Normandy. On distribution of the spoils of 
war many Saracen horses went to these 
provinces, where they were crossed upon the 
marcs of Brittany, and on the luxuriant 
pasturage developed a draft horse of great 
excellence, the Percheron horse of France. 



THE NINTH CENTURY. 

895. — King Alfred the Great of England 
encamped his army near London to protect 
the harvest reapers while gathering their 
crops against excursions of the Danes. 



THE TENTH CENTURY. 

936. — -About this time. according to 
Whyte, in his History of the British Turf, 
the earliest mention of race horses in 
England, called running horses in those 
days, was when Hugh Capet, founder of the 
royal house of that name in France, sent 
horses as a present to King Athelstane, 
whose sister, Ethelswitha, he was soliciting 
in marriage. 



THE EI^EVENTH CENTURY. 

1016. — Poiton jacks of France mentioned 

in literature of that day. 

1040 (about). — First windmills erected in 
EuroiJe. 

1066. — Horse shoeing was introduced into 
England from Normandy by William the 
Conqueror. 

1100. — The Japanese court ladies as early 
as this date prepared a favorite perfume 
from the IJanianas rose. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



TlIK TWELFTH CENTURY. 

11.50 (about). — ^Cot-f>\v(»l(l sheep imported 
into Ens-laud from .Spain. Tliis i.s not Quito 
authfntic. A century later (^otswold.s wore 
a well-known breed in England. 

1 1. 'SO. — Smitlifield, in the center of liOndon, 
lir.st mentioned as a live cattle iiiiirket. 

1153. — William Hale-Hale, historian .and 
editor of the •'Dome.sday Book" of St. 
Paul's Catliedral of London, England, mal:5H 
record of leasing the chiireh fai-nis in Hert- 
fordshire, England, which jjrovided that the 
'enant should cultivate and conduct tlie 
farm on what was called the three-field hus- 
bandry, a rotation of about one-third in 
oats, one-third in wheat or rye, and one- 
third fallow or "terre warecunda." Th" 
custom wa.s to rotate crops from beginning 
lo end of the lease and to restore the land 
lo the owner in the condition it was leased. 

1158. — In the accounts of the Briti.sh gov- 
ernment of 115S-9 occur mention of pay- 
ments to the vine dressers of Windsor, it 
appears also that the gardens at Windsor 
were enclosed by a ditch. 

1105. — The earliest drawing or view of a 
monastic garden in England was that of 
Canterlmry, and was drawn by tlie Engineer 
Wibert. It is now preserved in the librarv 
■ >f Trinity College, Cambridge. The pl.m 
records the trees and vines, fish ponds, etc. 

11T(). — ^Early evidence of the existence of 
orchards is a Bull of Pope Alexander. III., 
i.ssued in this >ear, confiscating the property 
of tlie monks of Winchenley, in Gloucester- 
shire, England, with the "town of Swiring 
and all its orchards." 

1185. — The manufacture of wool first men- 
tioned in fin.elish literature. 

ll!)9. — Kin.g John of England encoura.ged 
horse breeding: by importing Flemish stal- 
lions — 0!-igin of the Knglisli draft horse. 

THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY. 

1210. — According to the Historian Speed, 
King John of England received from Mau;i 
i)e Breos forty cows and a bull, all wliite 
with red ears, as a present to liis queen, m 
order to appease hi& majesty, wliom h jr 
liu'sband De Breos, had offended. 

1213. — .\Iexander Neecham, Bishop of 
Cirencester, in England, a learned writer, 
touched incidentally upon fruit, vegetable 
and herb growing and llowers. He men- 
tioned that a garden should be adorned with 
loses and Ulies, turnsole, \iolets and man- 
drake. The garden should have parsley and 
cost, and fennel, lettuce, cress, onions, leek, 
garlic, pumpkins, shalots and cucumbers. 
He also mentions meddlars. quinces. Warden 
pears, peaches and pears at St. Regula. 

1215, June 15. — At Ilunnyniede, King Jolin 
was forced to grant the English people a 
great measure of libert.v by signing the 
Alagiia Cliarta. 

12:!<). — At this time a hen in Paris was 
generally sold for an amount equal to 
American two cents. 

1249. — A Scottish historj' mentions black 
(Galloway) cattle as being reared in great 
r.uiTibers. 




ST.NNT.EY OF M.APLES — A TE.VREING 
GALLOWAY BULL. Junior and grand 
champion of the Galloways at the Illinois 



State Fair of 1909. Exhibited by C. S. 
Hechtner, of Chariton, Iowa. At the Amer- 
ican Royal Show this young bull was first 
in ills class. 

1259. — Henry, III., of England, made ex- 
tensive alterations at the palace of West- 
minster, and among payments to carpenters 
and other workmen was an Item of pay- 
ment to laborers for "leveling the area of 
the garden with a roller." 

1374.— -In this year, in A'enice, it is re- 
corded that a pi.g sold for the equivalent 
Hi fitty cents in American money. 

1290. — The first importation of oranges 
uito England in a cargo of assorted fruit 
from Spain. 

1292. — The only kind of apple specially 
noticed in England at this time was the 
'Costard." This variety has been preserved 
in history by the word "C'ostermonger," the 
name by which the sellers of this fruit 
were known. The Costard apple was the 
most popular for several centuries. The 
Regul pear .and the Calluewell pear were 
also early fruits. 

THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. 

1305. — In the tiine of Edward, I., King of 
England, the "acre" as a land measure was 

■educed to a standard. 

1317. — According to the New Interna- 
tional Encyclopedia, in August of this year, 
in England, wheat was twelve times as high 
in pj-ice as in the following September. It 
was a period of alternations of indolence 
and bustle, of feasting and semi-starvation. 
Uye was the hreadstuflf of the peasantry. 
Little m.anure was used. Oxen, not horses, 
were used for teams. 

1327. — Edward, IIT , in order to impro^"e 
the breed of horses, prohibited exportation. 

1340. — First "worsted" manufactured at 
Worsted, in Norfolk, England. Worsted is 
spun wool manufactured into cloth. 

1345.— -At this time, in England, and near 
Tiondon particularly, fruits and vegetables, 
such as then were raised, were sold at a 
market place near St. Paul's church yard, 
;.ut owing to the "scurrility, clamor and 
nuisance (,f the gprdeners and their ser- 
vants, which had become so obnoxious to 
'he people dwelling there," the Mayor and 
Aldermen being appealed to, de'signated a.n- 
■>ther place (now called Austin Friars), 
where sales could be made, and riowhere else. 

1346. — First authorization in England for 
the erection of toll-gates under King 
Edward. III. 

1352.-— The Mmoner at Winchester Cathe- 
dral, in Ens-land, made note that this was a 
bad year for apples; also that the cid-jr 
supply gave out. 

1369. — About the earliest account books of 
farming operations were kept and preserved 
at the Norwich Priory and Abingdon Abbey, 
in England. These accounts show the 
receipts and expenses of the garden opera- 
lions, but not the plants that were grown 
or the processes of cultivation. 

1380 (about). — Richard, II.. King of 
England, compelled horse dealers to limit 
iheir prices to a fixed maximum. 



THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 

1403. — Sir William Clopton, an English- 
man, granted to Thomas Smyth a piece of 
.ground, called Dokmedwe, in Houstede, for 
the annual payment of a rose to Sir Wil- 
liam and his heirs, the demand for roses 
being so great in those days that bushels 
were frequently paid by vassals to their 
lords, both in En.gland and France. 

1430. — In this year it is said that England 
imported raw cotton from the Levant, 
which includes Egypt, Asia Minor, islands 
and countries east of Italy, in or bordering 
■)n the Mediterranean Sea. It -tt'as then 
nanied cotton wool. 

1440. — The earliest linown original work 
on gardening, written in English, was I'y 
Ion G.nrdenpr, and the manuscript exists in 
Trinity CoHps-e, England, to this day. It 
w,as called "The Feate of Gardening." The 
treatise -was so tlioroughly practical that the 
directions it contains might he followed 
with successful results to the present day. 



10 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1449. — In PTnerland the tenant was for the 
first time secured in possession, during term 
of lease, ajrainst a buyer of the land. 

1467. — Pemiission granted by King Henry, 
IV., of England, to export a few Cotsvvold 
sheep to Spain. 

14(59. — In England, the tenant fanner wa.s 
first protected from having his property 
carried off for the landlord's debts beyond 
the amount of rent due. 

1472. — In this year, in Venice, Jensen, a 
publisher, printed the existing works of 
Columella on agricultural subjects which 
were written in the first century. 

1485. — Previous to the reign of Henry, 
VII., King of England, which began in 
this year, there did not grow in that 
country any vejfelable or eatable root, such 
as carrot, parsnip, cabbage, etc. 

1488. — In England a law was passed to 
stop laying arable land to pasture and suf- 
fering farm houses to fall to ruin. Owners 
were required to till a portion of the boil 
and keep the farm houses in repair. 

1490. — Comparative Peace, which followed 
the Wars of the Roses in England, encour- 
aged a new style of architecture. The 
gardens were no longer confined within the 
castle walls. The red brick houses suc- 
ceeded old castles. Some houses with 
gardens were surrounded by a moat, but 
gardens were soon extended outside the 
moat. Trellis railings also came into 
fashion and remained in vogue for many 
years. 

1493. — Discovery of America. 




MERINO RAM — TWO YEARS OLD. 
Grand champion, Lfouisiana Purchase Expo- 
siition, St. Loui-s, 1904. Exhibited by R. D. 
Williamson, of Xenia, Ohio. 



1493. — Sheep of Spanish origin brought to 
the United States by Christopher Columbus. 

1493. — First cattle intoduced into America 
by Columbus from the West India Islands. 

1493. — Hogs brought over by Christopher 
Columbus on hi.s second voyage, landing 
at Hispanola. 

1493. — Indian corn (maize) first taken to 
Europe. 

1494. — In this year Henry the Seventh, 
King of England, passed a law that no one 
should export a horse or mare, or carry it 
beyond sea except for his own use. With 
this exception, that any mare of three years 
old and upwards, whose price was not above 
six !-hi!)ings and eight pence, might be 
exported; the owner, however, was cnn,- 
pelled to sell her at the port to any person 
who should pay him seven shillings. 

1500. — In the reign of Henry, VII., gelding 
or castrating horses first practiced in 
England. 

THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 

1509. — The common garden or bush bean 
first cultivated in England. 

1516. — In this year the gooseberry bush 
was planted in the gardens of Henry VIII., 
King of England. 

1520. — At thi.s period hops were first cul- 
tivated in England. 

1521. — Cortez, Spanish commander, enter- 



ing Anahuac, the Aztec capital of Mexico, 
discovered buffalo in the menagerie of the 
ICing. Montezuma. 

1523. — Rice culture reported to be suc- 
cessful in liombardy. Northern Italy. 

1523. — In a letter written to friends in 
Europe, Alejandro Geraldine, then Bishop 
of Santo Oomingo, mentions turkeys. He 
is regarded as the first author who refers 
to this fowl. 

1534. — ^According to C. L. Bonaparte, in 
his Natural History of Birds, turkeys 
arrived in England in this year from Spain. 
.Although turkeys were originally from the 
American islands and continent, the English 
.=-upposed or were told the birds were origin- 
ally from Turkey, which gave them a satis- 
factory name, although they were not en- 
titled to it. At this time all commerce 
between America and Europe was with 
Spain. 

1534. — The apricot introduced into Eng- 
land by "Woolf, the gardener to King 
Henry, VITI. 

1525. — 'Spaniards exported the first cattle 
from the West Indies into Old Mexico. 

1526. — ^The pineapple mentioned by Oviedo, 
who called it Pinais. Oviedo y Valdes was 
Spanish historian of the new world and was 
Governor of the Island of Hispanola. 

1537. — Florida the first part of the main 
land of the United States to receive horses 
from the Spaniards. 

1539. — When the king, Henry, VIII., of 
England, took possession of Cardinal Wol- 
sey's lands, including Hampton Court, he 
retained .John Chapman, the head gardener, 
Of course, the gardener received board and 
lodging. 

1530.— Salads, carrot.s and other edible 
roots first produced in England. 

1530. — The strawberry introduced into the 
gardens of England from Flanders. 

1533. —Richard Harris, an English fruit 
.grower, in service of King Henry, VIII., 
planted many apple orchards in the county 
of Kent, near London. 

1534. — In England, owing to large num- 
bers of sheep naving come into few persons' 
liands, a penalty wa.s imposed on all who 
kept above 2,000 sheep. 

1534. — The Book of Husbandry printed in 
this year. Fiist and best of early English 
works on agricultuj-e; ascribed to Fitzher- 
bert, a .ludge in the reign of Henry, VIII. 
1534. — Extract from Book of Husbandry: 
".\nd bycause that shepe in myne opynyon 
is the mooste profytablest cattell that any 
man can haue, therefore I pourpose to 
speake fyrst of shepe." 

1534. — Quotation from the Book of Hus- 
bandry, published in this year: "A housebande 
cannot thi-yvc by his corne without cattell, 
nor by his cattell without corne." 

1534. — ^From the Book of Husbandry: 
"And in the beginning of March or a lyttel 
afore, is tyme for a wife to make her 
garden, and to gette as many good sedes 
and herbes as be good for the potte and to 
eate, and as ofte as nede shall require; 
it must be weded, for els wedes wyl ouer- 
growe the herbes." 

1534. — In Great Britain, different individu- 
als in the previousi years had accumulated 
in their own hands a number of landed 
properties, a multitude of cattle, and espe- 
cially of sheep. Some of them possessed 
24,000 sheep, others 10,000, etc. Tillage was 
thereby displaced, the country depopulated 
and the price of sheep and wool raised in 
an unheard-of manner. It was then pro- 
vided by law that no one, therefore, shall 
possess more than 3,000 sheep, with the ex- 
ception of laymen on their own inheritance, 
who may keep as many as they please, but 
they may not carry on sheep farming on 
other properties. 

1535. — In this year, when the French 
uavigator Cartier visited the country which 
is now called Montreal, he found the town 
was situated in the midst of extensive com 
tields. 

1535. — Captain Jacques Cartier, FYench 
navigator and explorer, in his visit to the 
St. Lawrence river, saw and admired the 
wild plum trees of North America. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



11 



1535. — King Henry, VIII.. of England had 
laws passed for selection and mating for 
the impprovenient of horses and to elimi- 
nate scruhs. 

1540. — Beginning in April, Francisco Vas- 
quez de Coronado, the Spanish explorer, 
penetrated to the country adjacent to the 
Ivittle Colorado, where he found maize, 
Guinea cocIjs and peas in possession of the 
natives. 

1541. — ^In the record of the travels of 
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado In the ter- 
ritory now comprised in the state of 
Kansas, he said: "All that way the plains 
are as full of orookcd-baelt oxen (buffalo) 
as the Mountain of Serena in Spain is of 
sheep." 

1542. — At Barcelona, Spain, in this year, a 
recorded price for eggs was equal to twelve 
cents a hundre'd. 

1542. — A plant named Shorghi (modern 
sorghum) described by Fuchius, of Belgium, 
author of History of Plants. 

l.')47. — In the reign of Edward, VI., King 
of England, expoitation of horses to Scot- 
land was prohibited. 

1548. — ^Tbe common jasmine (J. officinale) 
introduced into England from the East. 

1.549, March 'Uh. — Bishop l.attimer preached 
his famous "SeiTiion of the Plough" before 
the Court of King Edward, VI., of England, 
and complained that where formerly there 
were dwellings and inhabitants there is only 
the shepherd and his dog. He reproached 
the land owners with depopulating the 
country by turning cultivated farms into 
stock ranches. 

1550. — The origin of the Damask rose is 
unknown, but it wa.s introduced into Europe 
from Asia Minor some time in the sixteenth 
century, and about this year. 

1550. — The peach, which Is a native of 
Persia, was considerably cultivat<:i in 
Britain about this time. 

15.'>0. — De Re Rustica. first work on agri- 
culture, published by Conradus Keres- 
bachius, being translation of ancient work 
by Columella. 

1550. — In this year Evlya Effendi, a 
Turk, wrote an elaborate description of the 
Angora goat. 

1551. — Konrad von Gessner, an eminent 
Swiss naturalist, established a garden of 
fruits and flowers. He published a history 
of annuals and classification of plants. 

1551. — Bishop Scory. of Rochester, pre 
sented a petition to the King of England, 
saying that now there are only "ten ploughs 
where formerly there were from forty to 
fifty." He said that the country population 
of England would soon be more like the 
slavery and peasantry of France than the 
ancient .and godly yeomanry of England. 
The land owners found it easier to make 
money running grass farms than cultivating 
grain crops. 

1552. — The grapevine first Introduced into 
England from Flanders. First, planting in 
the county of Suffolk. 

1553. — The currant slirub was imported 
into England from the Greek island named 
Zante. The currant was originally named 
after the city of Corinth, which was an 
important Greek mercantile and exporting 
center. 

IS.'iS. — In the great famine in England in 
this year, wild fitches kept many farmers 
and others from starving. Fitches are the 
fennel tlovver, a coarse kind of pea, hard but 
nutritious. 

1555. — In this year, in reporting his ob- 
servations. Sir Ralph Lane, the English 
Administrator in America, said that the 
grapes of Virginia were larger than those 
of France, Spain or Italy. Sir Ralph Lane 
was the first Governor of Virginia. 

1562. — Tusser in his "Five Hundred 
Points of Oood Husbandry," says: 
"Wife, into the garden and set me a plot 
With strawberry roots of the best to be 

got. 
Such growing abroad, among thorns in the 

wood. 
Well chosen and picked, prove excellent 
good." 

1562. — Earliest planting of fruit by white 



men in North America. The Sipanlards 
under Menedez planted orange trees at St. 
Augustine, Fla. 

ISOS. — Jesuit Fathers planted pears In 
the region of the Great American Lakes. 

1562. — The book, entitled "Five Hundred 
Points of Good Husbandry," by Tusser, was 
recommended to he taught in Bngliah 
schools. It was written in verse. 

1565. — iSir John Hawkins credited with 
introducing the potato in Fngland in this 
year. 

1562. — Peaches introduced Into England 
from Persia. 

1562. — Quotation from Tusser: 
"First barley ere rye. 
Then Pease bye and Dye, 
Then fallow for wheat. 
Is husbandry Great." 

1562. — This is the year in which the 
Elnglish walnut is credited with arriving in 
England from Rome, where it -was called 
"the Nut of the Gods." 

1504. — According to an article by Geo. C. 
Husman, of the Department of Agriculture, 
considerable wine was produced from a 
native grape in Florida as early as 1564. 

1565. — Nicolo Monardes published writings 
on American plants, probably the earliest 
separate writings on the subject. Issued in 
serial form in Spain. 

1565. — In this year the Spanish colonies 
in Florida were visited by John Hawkins, 
an English captain, who said that twenty 
hogsheads of wine had been made in a 
single season from the wild grapes. 

1565.- -In a letter of this date Gessner, 
the Swiss bot.inisl, mentions the 3Iusk rose 
as growing in a garden at Augsburg. 

1565. — Tjarge importations of sheep In 
Florida from Spain. Supposed J:o be the 
Churro, or common sheep of Spain. 

1565. — Menedez founded a settlement at 
St. Augustine, Fla., the first permanent 
colony on this continent. 




WHITEHALL MARSHALL — Champion 
Shortliorn bull. 

1567. — Charles, IX., King of France, issued 
a decree in regard to Paris slaughter houses 
and ordering improvements in butchering 
methods. The slaughter houses abutted on 
the principal thoroughfares, hordes of foot- 
sore animals impeded traffic, the offal was 
ieft on the streets and was washed by rains 
into the river Seine. 

1570. — Hemp and flax mentioned as being 
common crops in England. Buckwheat also 
mentioned as sown after barley. 

1571. — The Festival of the Rose instituted 
by Pope Pius, V., in thanksgiving for the 
victory gained by the Christians over the 
Ttirks at Lepante. 

1573. — The hollyhock introduced from 
Syria into English gardens. 

1573. — •Coff'ee. a native of Arabia, Felix 
and Ethiopia, first introduced to the notice 
of Europeans by Ranmulfus. 

1574. — Reynolde Scott, in England, pub- 
lished a treatise on the culture of hops. 

1578. — "Whole Art of Husbandry" printed 
in England bj' Barnaby Googe, rruostly trans- 
tion from the German. 



12 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1580. — iBetween this year and 1585 the 
Irish potato was introduced into Europe by 
the .Sipaniards. 

1580. — Shorthorned cattle existing in Dur- 
ham and Yorkshire, Kngland, from which 
tlie modern Shorthoms are in greater part 
descended. 

1582. — ^The first record of the Musk rose 
having been cultivated in England is in 
Ricliard Hal^luyt's writings, in this year, 
who states that it was brought from Italy. 

1583. — In this year, in England, in one 
of the southwest counties, a capon cost six- 
pence (11 cents), a calf five shillings 
($1.20), a firkin of butter seven shillings 
and sevenpence (S1.S2), a cock (for fight- 
ing) fourpence (S cent.';), a pullet three- 
pence (6 cents), a milch cow cost thirty 
shillings ($7.20), a bullock seven shillings 
($1.68), a horse twenty-two shilling.s 
(.$5.2,9), a porkling twenty-eight pence, or 
50 cents. 

1584. — Don Antonio de Bspe.io, sent by Iho 
Viceroy of New ,Sipain, explored the Peccs 
river country and inentioned a great multi- 
tude of oxen or kine (buffalo) that fed 
upon the banks thereof, by which they 
traveled for the space of 120 leagues, still 
meeting with "store of the said cattell." 

1584. — Sir Waller Raleigh fitted out an 
expedition in England and landed In 
America. The colon.v was called Virginia. 
As ihey did not cultivate the soil, they 
were starved out and returned to England 
the ne.vt year, where they introduced 
tobacco. 

1586. — ^In this year Sir Francis Drake is 
credited with introducing the potato in 
England. 

1586. — On his return from Virginia, Sir 
Walter Raleigh introduced potatoes and 
tobacco in Ireland. He had an estate at 
Myrt'e Lodge, Youhal, county Cork. Thi' 
potatoes were suit.able to the climate an. I 
fiourislaed, becoming a great benefit to the 
island, but the tobacco growing met with 
poor success in Ireland. 

1588. — Thomas Harlot, a returned coloni.-5t 
belonging to the Sir Walter Raleigh expe- 
dition to Virginia, published in London the 
tiist article ever written on Indian corn m 
Nortli America. It was again published in 
Frankfort and illustrated by De Bry, a 
wood engraver. 



CHEVIOT EWE — Grand champion at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904. 

1588. — Origin of Cheviot slieep said to be 
that sheep swam ashore from the wrecked 
ships of the Spanish Armada and escaped 
to the Cheviot hills. 

1591. — The coffee plant scientifically de- 
scribed by Alpinus. 

15!>4. — Sir Hugh Plat, in a book entitled 
"Jewel House of Art and Nature," makes 
useful observations on manures. 

1594. — In this year, in Warwickshire, 
England, a farm laborer received fourpence 
(8 cents) a day, with "meat and drink," or 
eightpence to tenpence finding himself. 
Mowers got eightpence (16 cents) vvitn 
food, or fourteenpence (28 cents) without 
it: reapers, sixpence to twelvepence, accord- 
ing to whether they boarded themselves or 
not. 

1596. — Gerarde speaks thus early of the 



white lily — the lily of tlie poets and paint- 
er.H — being' iin ild ii-ard<^n plant. 

15!)7. — The cauliflower known in England 
but very rare The plant was mentioned 
by a writer named Gerarde, and was sup- 
posed to have CQme from Italy. 

1597. — The common and well-known lilac 
introduced into European countries by way 
of Constantinople. 

1597. — In this year John Gerarde pub- 
lished his Herbal or General History of 
Plants. Born in 1545 and educated as a 
surgeon, his tastes led him to study the 
cultivation of plants. His garden at Hol- 
born (now in the center of London), 
England, excelled any in that country. His 
book was the standard in botany for a 
hundred ye-irs. 






LEICESTER SHEEP- -SANFORD. Weight, 
420 pounds heaviest ram exliibited. Fleece 
record, 26 poui.ds. Grand champion of the 
breed at the Loui.siana Purchase Exposition, 
1904. Exhibited by Alex W. Smith, of 
-Maple Lodge, Ontario. Canada. Photograph 
by R. ,T. Rogerson. 

1598. — In this year Senor Juao Ornate 
started out from Zacatecas, in Mexico, to 
explore the country now known as New 
Mexico. He had 400 colonists, 83 wagons 
and 7,000 cattle. He founded Santa Fe. 

leOO.^Roberl Bakewell, of England, com- 
menced the improvement of sheep, estab- 
lishing a breed of Leice.sters, also advocat- 
ing grand principles of breeding by. selec- 
tion. He also im'pro\ed the Lo'nghorn 
(attlp of Leicf stershire. 



THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. 

Ui03. — Oats and barle.v first cultivated in 
America in Go.'.-niild's colony. 

1602. — The first wheat was brought to this 
country by Bartholomew Gosnold and landed 
on an i:5land in Buzzard's Bay, on the 
southern coast of Massachusetts. 

1602. — Beans were cultivated on islands 
.=-outh of Massachusetts. 

1604. — In this year M. L. Escarbot brought 
horses to Acadia, an island once a part ai 
French territory in America, and from there 
the French wl-o extended their settlemento 
into Can.i.dn in 160S took the horses, whicVi 
probably laid the foundation of what are 
;!ow known .is Canadian ponies. 

1605. — ^Santa Fe (New Mexico) settled in 
this year by the Spanish. Don Juan de 
Ornate, of Zacatecas, in Mexico, was the 
originator of the colony. It is the second 
oldest white settlement in the United 
States. 

1607. — First permanent English settlement 
in America at Jamestown, Va. Captain 
Christoplier Newport commander of the 
expedition, his companions being Bartliolo- 
niew Gosnold, John Smith and others. 

1607. — Sir John Norden printed a book 
called "Surveyor's Dialogue," in England. 
Sjjeaking of the famous Salisbury meadows, 
he says: "When cattle have fed their fill. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



13 



hogs, it is pretended, are made fat with 
the remnant — namely with the knots and 
sappe of the grass." 

I(j07. — First recorded effort in this country 
at introducing fort'iR-n fruits by the James- 
town colonists in May of tliis year. 

Ig07. — Use of freezing mixtures of ice or 
snow in comhination with salt, saltpeter or 
other chemical agonts in use at this time in 
a .small way. 

1607. — A company of Englisli attempted to 
settle where is now Kennebec, Me., but 
returned to England the following year. 

X(j07. — "Clouer Grasse, or the Grasse 
Honeysuckle, " (wliite flover), is directed to 
be sown with other hay seeds. In Survey- 
oi's Dialogue. 

1608. — The French at this time introduced 
cattle into Canada. 

1608. — The .lames river settlers learned 
the cultivation of com under tuition of the 
Indians. 

1608.— Cajptain Newport sailed from 
Jamestown, Va., for England, carrying with 
him twenty turl<ey.s, "the first introduction 
of that fowl into p:urope." 

1609. — First authentic record of a yield 
<if com produced in America by white men 
was forty acres in the Jamestown colony in 
Virginia. 

1609. — ^A pamnhlet published in T^ondon 
predicts that cotton would grow as well in 
Virginia aV in Italj'. 

1609.~Sheei) introduced into Virginia from 
England. Ravages by wolves kept the flocks 
down to small numbers. 

1609. — Engliisli horses landed at James- 
town, \ a. There were six mares and one 
horse. 

1609. — A book published in England by 
Butler, of Oxford, entitled "Feminine Mon- 
archie; or, the History of Bees." 

1609. -The London Company imported 
swine into Virginia, and they increased so 
fast that in ^H2^ the colony was in danger 
of being overrun with them, while the 
Indian's fattened themselves on pork from 
the hogs thai had become wild from run- 
ning at large in the woods. 

1610. — ^Lord Delaware arrived in America 
from England and brought with him French 
vine dressers. He planted vineyards of 
native grapes. He was Governor of Mary- 
land. 

1610. — ^C'attle iiaving l)ecome extinct in 
Virginia on account of the scarcity of food, 
another stock was brought from the West 
Indies, and the penalty of death for killing 
them was enacted. 

1610. — About this year King James I., of 
England, purchased a celebrated Arabian 
horse froni a merchant named Markham, 
for which he p.al.i five hundred pounds. 

1611. — First cultivation of wheat in Vir- 
ginia v/as reported in this year. 

1612.— Oil of Rose's discovered by accident 
this year, according to Langles. 

1614. — Plantings of imported apple and 
peai" trees in New York. One pear tree of 
this planting at Third avenue and Thir- 
teenth street, .Mew York City, until 1866. 

1616. — First known cultivation of tobacco 
in the state of Virginia. 

1617. — This is mentioned as the remark- 
able period of the first introduction of the 
labor of the plow in Virginia. 

1618, January 17th. — A patent was 
granted in England to David Ramsey and 
Thomas Wildgosse for a machine to 
•'plouglic grounde without horse or oxen, 
and t;o enrich and make better and more 
fertill as well barren peate, salte and sea 
sande, as island and upland grounde, within 
our Kingdom of England and Ireland an i 
our Dominyon of Wales, etc, etc." It w i^ 
the first patent granted in which the gi e 1 1 
power of steam for the purpose of assistin-, 
in the cultivation of the soil was applied 

1618. — ^In this year, at Epsom Downs, iii 
England, the saying originated: "It is one 
thing to take a horse to water and another 
to make him drink." It appears that during 
a drouth Henry Wicker, a herdsman, discov- 
ered water in a small hole on the Eipsoni 



Commons. He used a spade to widen the 
hole and then discovered that neither he nor 
his stock could drink the water. This led 
to the discovery of the well-known medi- 
cine, Fpsom Salts. 

1619. — Grapes mentioned in history as 
growing at Jame'stown, Va. 

1619. — Negro labor first introduced Into 
Virginia. Twenty purchased by tobacco 
planters from a Dutch trading vessel. 

16'iO. — Coaches as means of public con- 
veyance first used in England and Pran'je, 
and were very slow in coming into^ general 
u.se. 

1620, December 22d. — The Mayflower 
landed 102 pilgrims at Plymouth Kock. 

1620. — The Pilgrim Fathers found ex- 
tensive plantings of corn in New England 
on their arrival. 

1621. — Edward Winslow wrote that In New 
England "are grapes, white and red, and 
very sweet and strong also." 

1621. — The Governor of Massachusetts 
lequested the Indian Chief, Massasoot, to 
ex(;hanRe seed corn, that he might judge 
which was best. The Indians selected the 
finest ears and taught the settlers how to 
do the same. 

1621. — -Earliest known experimental cotton 
planting in \'irginia. 

1621. — The Pilgrim Fathers began the cul- 
tivation of com, manuring, as the Indians 
did, with fish. "According to the manner 
of the Indians, we manured our ground with 
herrings, or rather shads, which we have in 
great abundance and take with ease at our 
uoors. An acre thus dressed will produce 
and yield as much corn as three acres 
without fish." 

1621. — In this year The London Company 
sent "silke worm seede" to Virginia along 
with grapevines. This was the beginning of 
many attempts to establish a great silk- 
growing industry in .\merica. 

1621, March. — Record of Plymouth Colony: 
"They sowed six acres of barley and pease 
and set twenty acres of corn, making use of 
ten bushels which they brought from sub- 
terranean storehouses of the Indians. In 
this work much assistance was rendered 
them by Squanto. a faithful Indian, who 
taught them how to plant corn, manure 
with fish, and hill it." 

1621. — Eleven women emigrated from 
England to become wives of colonists in 
Virginia. The passenger fare across the 
ocean was paid by 120 pounds of tobacco for 
each person. 

1622. — In New England it is recorded at 
this time that the Indians made a habit of 
setting fire to the country twice a year, in 
the spring and in the fall, because it would 
otherwise be overgrown with weeds and 
brush. 

1622. — An ob'server at Plymouth Colony In 
this year said: "The chestnut, hazeliiuf, 
butternut and sliagbark yielded contribu- 
tions to the store of food laid up for 
winter." 




DEVON OOW — PRETTY PET. The Devon 
breed of cattle passes as a dual-purpose 
breed — good for beef and good for the dairy. 



14 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



PRETTY PET is a handsome example of the 
Devon; she was first-prize cow at the Pan- 
American Exposition at Buffalo, 1901. 



1633. — A few Devon cattle crossed the 
Atlantic ocean in the ship Charity; said 
to be consigned to a Mr. Winslow, of Mas- 
sachusetts. , 

1623. — A Department of Agriculture report 
says that about this time flax was intro- 
duced upon the continent of America solely 
for the fiber. For a period of 150 years 
thereafter, or until cheaper cotton fabrics 
b'egan to supplant linen ones, flax played an 
important part in the progress of the 
country, becorniing, as it did, the basis of 
That famous household industry whose 
home-.spun products were necessaries of life, 
second only to food. 

1623. — New Hampshire settled by the 
English in tliis year. 

1623. — Indefinite information concerning 
importation of Wutch horses arriving at 
New York. 

1624. — Earlv settlers introduced sheep 
from England into the New England States. 
1624. — An early importation of cattle to 
New England, consisting of tliree heifers 
and a bull, having been made in this year, 
the herd had increased to twelve by 1627, 
and in that year was divided into twelve 
lots. "These lots were drawn for," says 
Russell, in Pilgrim Memorials, "affording 
the fir'st recorded cattle show in New 
England." 

1635. — Bucltwheat first cultivated in 
America, on Manhattan Island. 

1625. — The Dutch Colony on the Hudson 
was supplied with all sorts of plows and 
agricultural implements. 

1626. — Flax taken to Holland that was 
grown on Manhattan Island. 

1626. — The Dutch bought the island of 
Manhattan from the Indians for $24.00. 

1627. — First important cattle imports into 
New York state from Holland. 

1637. — In this year only fifty Hackney 
cabs or coaches were in use in London, 
England, as public conveyances. 

1627. — John .Speed, agricultural author, 
mentions the excellent condition of cattle 
in Herefordshire, England. 

1627. — Sir Anthony Ashley, of Wimborne, 
St. Gilei", Dorset, England, died in this year. 
He first planted (improved) cabbages in 
England, and at his feet a cabbage appears 
chiseled on his monument. 

1629. — In this year six vessels arrived at 
Boston from England, bringing with their 
other goods some twenty-five mares and 
Mtallions. In the same year a number of 
Dutch, Swedish, Danish and French horses 
arrived in the colonies of New York, Con- 
necticut, Maryland and New Jersey. 

1629. — The Spiderwort was one of the first 
native flowers to find a home in England, it 
having been sent there from Virginia about 
the year mentioned. 

1629. — ^First attempt at hop raising in 
the United States made in New Netherlands, 
now New York state. 

1629. — Plymouth Colony cultivated pota- 
toes. 

1629. — Rev. Francis Higginson, writing 
from Massachusetts Colony in this year, said 
that excellent vines were there and that the 
Governor had planted a vineyard, with great 
hopes of "encrease." 

1629. — ^William Wood, writing from New 
England, said: "There is likewise strawber- 
ries in abundance, verie large ones, some 
being two Inches about; one may gather 
halfe a bushell in a forenoone." 

1629. — ^Captain John Smith, Governor of 
the Jamestown Colony, wrote, saying: "One 
Mistress Pearce. of Jamestown, an honest, 
industrious woman, had gathered from her 
garden in one year neere an hundred bushels 
of excellent figges.". 

1630. — In March of this year the Colonial 
Assembly of Virginia determined the cash 
value of tobacco for the first time in his- 
tory. The price was six pence, equal to 
twelve cents, per pound. 

1630. — In this year was written a poem 



by a New Englander, which shows how 
generally the pumpkin was used for the 
table that early: 

" '.Stead of pottage and puddings and cus- 
tards and pies. 
Our pumpkin.s and parsnips are common 

supplies; 
We have pumpkins at mornings and pump- 
kins at noon; 
If it was not for pumpkins we should be 
undone." 
1630 (about.) — Swedish immigrants intro- 
troduced sheep into New Jersey and Dela- 
ware. 

1630. — Earliest record of pear tree plant- 
ing in New England was a pear tree in the 
garden of Governor Endicott's house, in 
Boston. 

1630. — Origin of the saying "Hobson's 
Choice." This adage has been handed 
down to us froin the Seventeenth Century 
and had its origin in the eccentricities of one 
Tobias Hobson. This worthy was a carrier 
of Cambridge, England, who died in the 
year 1630. In addition to his ordinary busi- 
ness he kept a stable and let out horses to 
the students at the university. He made it 
an unalterable rule, however, that each 
animal should have an equal period of work 
and rest, and would never let one out of its 
turn. Consequently, instead of being allowed 
to select the steed they most fancied, his 
customer had to take the one that stood 
next to the door. If it did not meet with 
their approval they had to go without a ride. 
Hence, the proverbial expression, "Hobson's 
Choice," used to signify a choice without an 
alternative. 

1631. — Cattle importations into New Hamp- 
shire from Denmark arrived in this year. 

1632. — Governor's Island, In Boston Harbor, 
was granted to Governor Winthrop on con- 
dition that he should plant a vineyard or 
orchard upon it. 

1633. — A list of vegetables grown in New 
England before this year was given by a Mr. 
William Wood. He said also: "Whatever 
grows well in England grows well there." 

1633. — In Virgina, in this year, tobacco 
inspection warehouses were established. In 
which all tobacco grown for sale was exam- 
ined by Colonial inspectors, "who 'shall cause 
all the bad and ill-conditioned tobacco in- 
.stantly to be burned, and the planter there- 
of to bo disaliled further from planting any 
more of that commodite of tobacco." 

1634. — Olives introduced into Southern 
colonies without much success. 

1634. — Cecil, the Second Lord Baltimore, 
established a settlement near the mouth of 
the Potomac river. 

16.^4. — An act passed in the Irish I-<egisla- 
ture again.st the cruel and comimon practice 
of plowing by fastening the plow to the tail 
ol an ox or horse. 

1035. — ^"Canadensium Plantarum," an Illus- 
trated book issued by Jacques Cornutus^ is 
generally supposed to be the first published 
work on American plants. 

1636. — Roger Williams settled what Is 
now the state of Rhode Island. 

16:'6. — At this time in the colony of Mas- 
sachusetts Bay a red calf came to be 
cheaper than a black one on account of the 
greater liability to be mi'staken for a deer 
and killed by the wf)lve's. This is from 
Ketteir.'s Chatter on Agriculture in the 
United States. 

1637. — ^At this date only thirty-seven 
plows were In the colony of Massachusetts. 

1639. — It was reported that one man made 
500 barrels of cider in New York state, in- 
dicating earlier general planting of apple 
trees in this country. 

1640. — ^Pork packing in barrels as an In- 
dustry said to have begun in this year at 
Salem, Mass. 

1640. — William Keift, Governor of New 
Netherlands, erected a private establishment 
on Staten Island, "which produced the first 
beer nrnde in this country," says an 
authority. 

1640. — Tobacco first reported a's being 
grown In New England colonies. 

1641. — Newmarket, Elngland, as a racing 
headquarters dates frocm this year. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



15 



1644. — Tlw Haymarket of the city of 
London established in this year; abandoned 
in 1S30. 

1643. — Sir Richard Weston, Ambassador 
from England to Bohemia, credited with 
first introducing "the great clover'" in 
England, and turnips also. He was a 
useful writer on agricultural subjects. 

1646. — In this year Joseph Jenckes, of 
I..ynn, Mass., a nati\e of Hammersmith, in 
England, was granted a state patent privi- 
lege for inventions, making mills for the 
manufacture of "sithes and other edgo 
tools for ye more .speedy cutting of grasse." 
1647. — The apple recorded as grafted on 
the wild stocks of Virginia. 

1647. — Kice culture in the ITnited States 
began with half bushel of the grain 'sent 
over from England to the Virginia Colony 
In this year, from which a yield of sixteen 
bushels "was obtained. The industry after- 
wards gave way to tobacco growing. 

1647.— Kxportatlon of wool first prohibited 
from Great Britain; also in 1660 and 1G08. 
1648. — An apple tree planted by Peregrine 
White, the first white child born in New 
England. Says the author of "Pilgrim Me- 
morials," written in 1655: "It still produces 
apples, <and the orchard in which it grows 
Is now owned by his descendant's, near the 
lot which he occupied in Marshfield." 
1648. — Hops first raised in Virginia. 
164g. — Rye as a field crop first grown in 
America in New England. 

1649. — "The Improver Improved," an agri- 
cultural work hy Blythe in England, recom- 
mends that turnip cultivation should be ex- 
tended from the kitchen garden to the field 
as food for stock. 

1650. — Hartleb, an English writer, men- 
tions the practice of steeping and liming 
seed corn (wheat) as a preventive of smut. 
1660. — French Work on Agriculture pub- 
lished by Oliver de Serre's. 

16.50. — The "White Turk," Turkish stal- 
lion, owned by Mr. Place, stud groom to 
Lord Protector Cromwell, credited with 
being one of the originators of the thorough- 
bred horse. 

1650. — .\ pearl barley mill Invented in 
Germany. 

1650. — Horses imported into South Africa 
from the Island of Java by the Dutch East 
India Company. 

1652. — Cape Colony, Routh Africa, first 
colonized under Van Riebeek. The sheep 
which the European discoverers found in 
Cape Colony were the Hat-tailed sheep. 
strong-ly resembling the well-known Persian 
variety. 

1653. — Van der Donck, the traveler, 
wrote that by this year the Dutch settlers 
of New York had already blooming in their 
gardens white and red roses, eglantine, dif- 
ferent varieties of tulips, violets, white 
lilies, anemones and marigolds. 

1656. — ^Covent Garden market, the great 
wholesale fruit and vegetable market of the 
city of London, originated about this time by 
the construction of wooden sheds and selling 
stalls. Covent Garden was in earlier days 
the garden of Westminster Abbey, when it 
was properly named Convent Garden. 

1657. — The exportation of horses from 
Virginia was prohibited in this year. 

1660. — Earliest record of the use of 
mineral salts for increasing the yield of 
crops appears in a work entitled "A Dis- 
course Concerning the Vegetation cf 
Plants." Tt was read before Gresham Col- 
lege, In England, by Sir Kenelm Digby. 

1660. — Ray. a writer, made a tour of the 
southern counties of Scotland. He said: "We 
observed little or no fallow ground in Scot- 
l.and: soine ley ground we saw, which they 
manured with sea wreck." 

1661. — The Dutch East India Company 
sent two pounds two ounces of Chinese tea 
to [he King of England as a rare and valu- 
able offering. The first known tea to arrive 
in England. 

1662. — First statute for levying tolls at 
turnpikes to make or repair roads. 

1662. — The Dutch colony on the Hudson 



river. New York, added "a flr8t-cla«s wheel 

plow" with its pulleys, etc., to the stock of 
agricultural implements at a cost of sixtv 
florins. 

1663. — ^In this year, when the second 
charter w.t,s granted to Rhode Island by 
Charles II., King of England, it contained 
.in inducement to anyone who would plant 
a vineyard. 

1665. — .Minister Colbert, Prime Minister 
lo Louis iV., established government studs 
in France. 

1669. — The "Byerly Turk," a Turkish 
stallion, ridden by Capt. Byerly, of the 
Hnglish army, at this time, is credited with 
being one of the foundation stock of the 
English Thoroughbred. 

1670. — Permanent settlements in the tr.act 
of land south of Virgina, called Carolina, 
111 honor of Charles II., of England. 

1672. — John Josselyn published a book 
entitled "New England Rarities," discovered 
in birds, beasts, lishes, serpents and plants 
of t.hat country. 

1674. — Malpighi publishes a paper on the 
i>tructure of plants. 

1676. — Tax derived from tobacco expoits 

mis year amounted to £120,000 English 
money, or, in round figures, $700,000 in 
American money of the present day. 

1080. — It is said that peaches were intro- 
duced about this time into America by the 
early sett'ers. 

,T^^?'- — ''" Houghton's "Collections on 
Husbandry and Trade" appears the first 
notice of turnips being eaten by sheep. 

1682. — William Penn established the first 
settlement in what is called Pennsylvania. 

1682. — The Imperial stud of Russia re- 
cened importations of Arab stallions, which 
caused a decided improvement in the horse's 
of that country. It was by direction of 
Peter the Great. 

1683. — .Sheep raising in Pennsylvania dates 
from about this year. 

1685. — This year witnessed the beginning 
of a small French colony in Texas under 
the Chevalier LaSalle. who landed on the 
shores of Matagorda Bay. The occupation 
was brief. 

1686. — William Fitzhugh, in Virginia 
described his own plantation and mentions 
a large or«'hard of about 2,500 apple trees 
mostly grafted, well fenced with a locust 
fence. 

1688. — Persian-Arab horses introduced into 
South Africa by the Dutch East India 
Company. 

1688.— An English writer, Ray, mentions 
!^e■^•enty-eight varieties of apples. 

1688. — St. Marys, the oldest settlement 
m Michigan, established by the Jesuit Mis- 
sionari-^s. 

1690. — The first work treating of roses 

with any degree of method published. It 
\\as that by LaQuintyne, and issued in 
Paris. 

Io90. — Potatoes were beginning to attract 
notice in Scotland. "The potato is a baccif- 
erous herb, with esculent roots, bearing 
winged leaves and a bell flower." 

1690. —The Mango introduced into hothouse 
cultivation in England from the East Indies. 

1690. — At this early date Boston, Mass., 
was doing quite a trade in packing and 
curing pork. 

1691. — The Phlox, an American genus of 
plants, menticmed in a work published in 
1/ondon b.v Plukenet, a writer living beforo 
I he time of Linnaeus. 

1691. — Experimental proof of the sexu- 
ality of plants published for the first time 
by Camerarius. a German botanist. He was 
in charge of the gardens at Tueblngen. 

1694. — A ship captain, seeking shelter 
in the harbor of Charleston. S. C, presented 
Thomas Smith, Governor of the province, 
with a sack of rice. From, this the rice in- 
dustry of the present was established. 

1695. — In this year John Houghton, an 
Englishman, writing of dairy subjects, 
speaks of the Irish as rotting their butter 
and burying it in bogs. The burying of 
butter may have been for the purpose of 



16 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



.storing- In time of need, or to hide it from 
invaders, or to ripen it for the purpose of 
de\eloplng flavor. 

1097. — First agricultural work in Scotland 
printed under the title of "Hiisbandrj- Anat- 
omized; or. An Inquiry Into the Present 
Ma.nner of Telling- and Manuring the Ground 
in Scotland," by Donaldson. 

1700. — Trustworthy records of the breed- 
ing of the thoroughbred horse were first 
begun in the stud book by Messrs. 
Weatherby. 



THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 

I701.--Jethro TuU, a gentleman of Berk- 
shire, in Enifland, adopted the system of 
mowing; his crops in rows or drills so wide 
apart as to admit of tillage of the intervals 
I'Oth liy plowing and hoeing. 

1704. — The peppermint plant mentioned 
and named by Ray in his book, "Historia 
Plantarium." 

1706. — ^Practice of cutting clover green and 
giving it to flattie, now called soiling, men- 
tioned as Ijeing a common practice at this 
lime 

1710. — First attempt to grow Hg trees in 
the state of California. 

1712. — Naraldi, of Nice, invented glass 
bee-hives, enabling naturalists to study the 
in-door proceedings of bees. 

1714. —Father .Tartoux, a missionary among 
the Chinese, published a description of a 
Tartarian plant called Ginseng. 

1716. — In this year, through efforts of 
Father T.afitau, a missionary amongst the 
Canadian Indians, the plant now known aa 
.'\merican Ginseng was discovered near Mon- 
treal. 

1716. — Thomas Fairchild, an English 
gardener, crossed the Carnation with the 
Sweet William. This is the record of the 
(Irst hybrid (mixture of the species) in 
flowers. 

1718. — The English thoroughbred stallion 
Bulle Rock foaled in this year was imiported 
into Virginia by Patton & Gist in 1730, and 
is said to have been the first thoroughbred 
to arrive in America. 

1719. — An iiumlred families from Ireland 
having settled at Londonderry, N. H.. th.^^y 
introduced the foot spinning wheel, the 
manufacture of lin<-^n and the culture of 
potatoes. 

1720. — Joseph Fol.iamlire. of Rotherham, 
England, took out a patent for a plow with 
moldtwa.rd and landside of wood sheathed 
with iron plate.-;, the share and coulter 
being rnade of wrought iron with steel edges. 

5 720. — In this year a Galloway horse -Nvas 
foaled at a village near Haddington, in 
Scotland, which lived to be sixty-nine years 
old. Wilkes' ,ST)irit of the Times, authority 
for thii5 statement, mentioned him in later 
years as being eleven hands high, and that 
he trotted cleverly right up to a few weeks 
of his death. 

1721. — ^First eforts to grow cotton in 
Virginia date from thi.s year. 

1723. — Lord Eellhaven, of Scotland, pub- 
lished a book which he described as a 
•good, easy method of husbandry." 

1723. — Mr Alstroemer, an enterprisin.ir 
Swedish farmer, introduced Merino sheep 
into hi=: own country. He encouraged the 
Kovernment to establish an agricultural 
■^'■honl, which offered premiums for Spanish 
Merino.s and the best wool. 

1723. — "Society of Improvers in the 
Knowledge of ' Agriculture in Scotland," 
organized. First of its kind in the United 
Kingdom. 

1724. — The horticulturist Dudley said that 
Indian corn is of several colors, as blue, red 
,Tnd yellow and if they are planted sepa- 
rately by thr>mselves they will keep their 
own co'or: but if they are planted one color 
near another they will mix and interchange 
their colors. 

1724. — Godolphln Arabian, the most 
noted of all the Eastern thoroughbred sires. 
foaled in this year. He was imported into 
England from France by a Mr. Coke. This 
great stallion was said to have actually been 
a cart horse on the streets of Paris. Colonel 
S. D. Bruce, authority on the thoroughbred 



horse, said of him: "He unquestionably 
contributed more to the breed of thorough- 
bredf than any stallion either before cr 
since his time. ' 




GODOLPHIN .VKABIAN. — The thorough- 
bred hor?e that worked as a cart horse in 
J'a.ris and was discovered in time to be the 
most valuable foundation sire of the breed. 

1726. — A village near Boston, Mass., re- 
ported making 10,000 barrels of cider. 

1726. —The horticultural writer Dudley, 
in it paper in the Philosophical Transac- 
tions, said; "Our apples are without doubt 
as good <is those of England and much 
fairer tc look to, and so are the pear's; but 
we have not all the sorts." 

1727. —The Moss rose was introduced into 
Eng'and from Holland in the sixteenth cen- 
tury, ,ind is first mentioned by Miller in the 
year given. Miller supposed it to be a 
sprout of the Provence rose, which opinion 
has been confirmed by modern botanists. 

1727. — Hale's work published on respira- 
Jion of plants and formation of sap. 

1728. — The first botanical garden in the 
United States founded by John Bartram on 
ihe banks of the Schuylkill, not far from 
I'hihidelphia. 

1728.- -In this year mention is made of 
"little machines which, being played by the 
motion of a vvheel, the cotton falls on one 
side and the se»d on the other, and thug 
they are separated." a primitive cotton-gin. 

17.10. — In this year the first English 
cotton-oil mill was erected in Gloucester. 
The ciiy of Gloucester is one of the iiri- 
portant centei's of enterprise in the west of 
England, not far from the seaport of 
Bristol, which is in the .same county. 




JUBILEE KING — SADDLE COLT. Foal 
of 1911. Already winner of first prizes at 
leading Blue Grass Fairs. Bred and owned 
by J. F. Barbee, MUllersburg, Bourbon 
county, Kentucky. 



1730. — The jdain-gaited saddle horse, with- 
out education, developing at this time into 
the five-gaited saddle horse. 



'HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



17 



1731. — ^Speaking- of the tomato, Philip 
Milier, in his Gardeners' Dictionary, says: 
"The Italians and Spaniards eat these 
apples (love apples) as we do cucumbers — 
with pepper, oil and salt — and some eat 
them stewed in sauces." 

1731. — Horse-hoeinjf HiiKl>andr>' published 
by Jethro Tull, of lierkshire, England. 

1733. — Poor Kiohard'M Almanac first pub- 
lished by Benjamin Franklin at Philadelphia, 

1732. — John Kirby, traveler in England, 
writing- of the Stn'folk Ke<l Polled cattle dis- 
trict, said that the butter "was justly 
esteemed and the pleasante'st in England." 

1732. — In Maryland tobacco was made 
le^al tender at tlie rate of one English 
penny (tw<i f^ent.-^) per jjound for all debts, 
including customs dues, the salaries of state 
officers and ministers of the gospel. 

1732. — Justice Dudley, of Massachusetts, 
writing in this year, .'^ay.s: "An onion set 
iiut for seed would rise to four feet nine 
inches, and a parsnip would reach eight 
feet." 

1735.— -The Pompone roses found growing 
wild by a gardener of Dijon, in France, 
while cutting wood on a mountain near the 
city. 

1735. — A stallion named Old Traveler, 
owned by Mr. Osbalde'ston, of North Eng- 
land, ancestor of Cleveland Bays. 

1737. — The Studley bull dropped in this 
year became one of the first great stock 
getters of the Shorthorn breed. 

1737. — ^Hugh Orr, a Scotchman by birth, 
arrived in Massachusetts and erected a trip 
hammer at B'ridgewater for tile manufacture 
of scythes and axes and acquired a wide 
reputation. 

1740. — The Tarpan, a Russian horse, con- 
sidered as being the wild ancestor of 
European horses, described by Guelin as a 
mouse dun in color, with dark points, short, 
crisp mane, with a short, bushy tall. 

1740. — About this time James Small, of 
Bierwickshire, in Scotland, first introduced 
the plow with the cast-iron mouldboard, still 
using wrought-iron shares. 

1741. — Jolly Roger, a thorouglibred stal- 
lion, was foalod in this year. He was known 
on the English turf as "Roger of the Vale." 
He was the first horse that gave distinction 
to the racing stock of Virgrinia, where he 
was imported and commenced service as a 
sire in 1748. He was by Roundhead, who 
was by Flying Childers, who was by Darley 
Arabian. The dam of Jolly Roger was got 
by the fam.ous horse Partner, the best race 
horse in his day. 

1742. — The Baldwin apple, a chance seed- 
ling, sprang up this year on the farm of 
Mr. .lohn Ball, in Eastern Massachusetts, 
and brought into general notice by a Col- 
onel Baldwin, who named it. 

1742. — Hereford cattle improvement began 
by Benjamin Tompkins, the elder, of Canon 
I^yon, Herefordshire, England. 

1743. — ^M. Dubreuil, a planter of New 
Orleans, invented a cotton grin, which -was 
so far successful as to give quite an impulse 
to cotton raising. 

1744. — William Ellis, agricultural writer, 
commended Holdemess cattle of Yorkshire 
for wide bags, short horns and large bodi.js. 

1745. — Suffolk Punch horses famous for 
draft qualities. Norman stallions on Suf- 
folk mares credited with the production of 
the breed. 

1745. — Beet-root sugar discovered by 
Marggraf, a German chemist. 

1747. — James Elliott, a clergyman of Con- 
necticut, published a series of valuable 
essays on "Field Ifusbandrj." 

1747. — Agricultural seeds first sold com- 
mercially in the United States about this 
time. 

1747. — "Memoirs on Wool," first publica- 
tion of its cKass in Great Britain. 

1748. — Rev. Jared Eliot, in a book on 
farm biisbandi-j', urges the growth of clover 
for the reason that an acre of it would 
produce two bushels of seed, worth thirty- 
five pound's in the currency of that period. 

1748. — In this year the Province of New 



Jersey passed a law requiring that trotting 
and pacing races be held only at Fairs. 

1750.— First act of Parliament for collect- 
ing tolls on the highway of Scotland. 

1750 (about). — .lames, the Vlth, Duke of 
Hamilton, introduced a Flemish stallion for 
use of his ten.antry in Clyde Valley. Scot- 
land. This is said to be the origin of 
Clydesdale horses, but is disputed. 

1750 (about). — Tiie commercial history of 
the i>eppermint plant began at Mitcham, in 
.Surrey, England. 

1750. — Red clover known to be grown in 
Rhode island as early as this year. 




WILLOW'MOOR BROWNIE — AYRSHIRE 
HEIFER. Champion junior female at the 
National Dairy Show of 1911; daughter of 
Netherhall Brownie, 9th, world's chaimpion 
Ayrshire cow. Bred and owned by Wiillow- 
moor Farms. Redmond, state of Wasihington. 



1750. — About tlii's time the Earl of March- 
mont purchased from the Bishop of Dur- 
ham and carried to his estates in Berwicl;- 
shire, Scotland, several brown cows spotted 
with white. These were the foundation 
cows of the Ayrshire breed of cattle. 

1750. — A berry having a pleasant pine- 
apple-like aroma arrived in England froin 
Chili, South America, under the name of 
Pine strawberrj-. Credited with being im- 
prover of wild berries. 

1751.— Jesuit Fathers brought to Ix)uisi- 
ana samples of sugar cane for the purpose 
of adding to tKe resource's of the colony. 
This is now called "Creole" cane. 

1752. — Lightning conductors first used for 
protection of buildings. 

1752. — The French government offered to 
purchase all the tobacco raised in the 
province of Ivouisiana at a price equivalent 
to seven cents per pound. 

1753. — The year usually taken as the 
beginning of botany. Linnaeus grouped all 
the tulips, which he named under the clas- 
sification of Tulipa Gesneriana. 

1754. — In this year a Gallowa.r horse 
owned by a Mr. Crocker went an hundred 
miles a day for three days over the New- 
market Course in England and 'showed no 
distress. The Galloway was a hardy cob 
horse, the breed originating in Scotland, 
but is now extinct. 

1754. — The best known of the Cape .jas- 
mines (which are not related to the true 
jasmines) is the Gardena fiorida. and was 
introduced into England from China in this 
year. 

1755. — From silk manufactured near 
Charleston, S. C, in this year, three dresses 
\vere made in England — one presented to 
the Princess Dowager of Wales, another to 
Lord Chesterfield, and the third to a 
person, naine not given. 

1756. — Marggraf. a German chemist, 
found the sugar beet contained only l.h 
per cent, of sugar, which is increased "to an 
average of 13 per cent, by selection and 
improved methods of cultivation. 

1759. — ^First sugar house equipped with 
machinei-y erected at New Orleans by 
Dutreuil. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1759. — The Bird's-foot violet was sent to 
the Apothecaries' Gardens, at Chelsea, near 
Jvonrton, as early as this year — probably by 
John Bartram, of Philadelphia, an eniinent 
botanist, who sent many plants to England. 

1760. — Commencement of memorable im- 
provement in British agrricultiire. 

1760. — The cow "Tripes," Shortliom eow, 
bought liy Thomas Hall, in England, earliest 
recorded cnw of the Shorthorn breed. 

1760. — First known eomniereial nursery 
in this country established by William 
Prince, of Flushing, Long Island. Pioneer 
of the industry, and published a catalogue 
of fruits. 

17G0. — McCiullough's Statistics of the 
British Empire records that in this year 
William Dawson introduced the custom of 
I>lowingr two liorses abreast with lines. 

1760. — In the list of flower seeds published 
in a Boston new.spaper advertisement tliis 
year are those of the marigold, sensitive 
plant, branching larkspur, white and yellow 
chrysanthemum, sweet peas, tall hollyhock, 
pink, Sweet William and French honey- 
suckle. 

1761. — ^The first known veterinary sehool 
established at Lyons, France. 

1761. — First exact knowledge of liybrids 
obtained from a work by Koelreuter, a 
'scientist. 

1762. — Fahrenheit used ice and salt mix- 
ture in fixing scale for the tliermometer 
wltich bears his name. 

1763. — Bartram in his "Travels" mentions 
having seen in this year near Mosquito 
Inlet, Florida, a ridge a half mile wide and 
forty miles long, which was one dense 
orange grove. 

1763. — Nathaniel Bird, a book dealer, 
advertised in the Newport ( K. I.) Mercury 
that he had garden seeds for sale just 
arrived from England. This i's one of the 
earliest records of seeds being for .sale. 

1763. — In this year Laclede, Maxon & Co. 
established the first fur-trading depot at 
St. Louis, Mo. The brothers Auguste and 
Pierre Chouteau were connected with it. In 
those days the farmers tributary to St. Louis 
were hunters and i rappers. 

1763.— In his book entitled "The History 
of the Jersey Cow in America," by Valancey 
E. Fuller, he .said: "From the evidence I 
think it may be claimed that as early as 
1763 the purity of the Jersey cattle breed 
was a subject of great care, and it ha-i 
been scrupulously guarded till this day. 
with the possible exception of an isolated 
cross of the Guernsey." 




JERSEY COW — MARY ANNE OF ST. 
T^.\MBKRT. .36 pounds 12 ounces of butter 
in one week; .S36 pound's in one year. 
Owned at that time by Valancey E. Fuller, 
of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. From 
Schreiber photo, ]SS2. 

1764. — Alexander Garden, Scotch scientist, 
of Charleston, S. C, published an account 
of pink-root, the use of which as a vermi- 
fuge he had introduced. The botanical 
genus Gardenia was named in honor of Mr. 
Garden. 

1764. — Gideon AVelles announced in the 
Newport (R. I.) Mercury that he had some 
choice Connecticut onion seed for sale. 



1764. — Mr. Dawson, of Frogden, believed 
to be the first in Scotland to grow turnipH 
for stock to a large extent. 




ECLIPSE^ — The Thoroughbred. 

1764. — Eclipse foaled during the eclipse of 
that year; the most wonderful horse ever 
produced on the Engli'sh turf; bred by the 
Duke of Cumlierland; got by Marske, a 
grandson of Bartlett's Childers, out of 
Spiletta. "He puffed and blowed like an 
otter and galloped as wide as a barn door." 
— Lawrence. 

1764. — Improved cotton-spinning machin- 
ery invented in England by Hargreaves. 

1764. — First greenhouse on modern plans 
in this country constructed in New York. 

176.5. — The London (England) Society of 
.\rts awarded a gold medal to Benjamin 
Gale, of Killingworth, Conn., for a drill 
plow, the invention of which was claimed 
by Benonl Hilliard, of the same place. 




.\ SAXONY MERINO RAM. — A picture 
lepresenting this fine-wool Merino breed, 
which at one time was a rival of the 
Spanish Merino in America. This picture 
represents a ram of the early importations 
from Saxony. 



1765. — George Washington received a pair 
of blooded pigis from the Duke of Bedford, 
c.illed Bedford breed. 

1765. — Merino sheep introduced into Ger- 
many by grant of the King of Spain to the 
Elector of Saxony. 

1765. — Saxon Merino sheep originated by 
(lock of 300 Spanish Merinos 'sent by King 
l^ouis. XV., of France, at the request of his 
brother-in-law. Prince Xavier. 

1766. — In this year samples of home-made 
scythes, shovels, spades, hoes, etc., were 
laid liefore the Society of Arts in New York 
and approved. 

1766. — John Wynn Baker, of Kildare, in 
Ireland, commenced a system of rural- 
economy experiments and showed by actual 
experiment that the saving effected by the 
drill and horse hoe amounted in fifteen 
years to the fee simple (value) of all the 
cultivated lands in the kingdom. 

1766. — Field seeds first advertised in the 
New England Gazette. 

1767. — William Dunbar, a New England 
gardener, advertised seeds for sale as fol- 
lows; Peas and beans, 30 shillings per 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



19 



ijuari; Strasburg onions and orange carrots, 
^f) shillings per ounce; early cabbage, 40 
shilling.s per ounce; and "Collifiower," C 
pounds per ounce. lie also sold (lower 
seeds. 

1767. — M. BurinK, a Berlin merchant, laid 
a plan betore tin; King of Prussia, which 
led to the orKanizalion of Land Mortgage 
AsNOfiations in Germany, the first organized 
jn Brandenburg in 18S0. 

1767. — In the Boston Gazette of this year 
six out of twenty-six advertisers were 
dealers in seeds. 

1767. — Discovery by Sprengel of fertiliza- 
tion of plants. 




ElNlGLISiH MAMBRINO — ^Thoroughbred 



1768. — I'jns'li.'ih Mambrino, a grey horse, 
sii'e of Mes.senger, was foaled in this year. 
Mambrino was a thoroughbred, and is the 
fountain head of the American trotter. His 
son. Messenger, was reputed as being the 
best horse ever brought to America. 

1708. — This is the date generally agreed 
upon \^ her. the father of Hugh Watson, of 
Keiillor, Scotland, first began gathering tlie 
cattle which were afterwards known as the 
original herd in the establishment of the 
.\berdeen-Anfrus breed. 

1768. — Messrs. Culley settled on the 
Northumbrian side of the river Tweed. 
Great improvers of agriculture in border 
counties of England and Scotland. 

1769. — 'Eidward Antill, of Monmouth. N. .1., 
wrote the first American treatise on the 
grapevine. 

1769. — The French settlers of Kaskaskia, 
Southern Illinois, made 110 hogsheads of 
wine frojn wild grapes. 

1769. — "Eclipse first, the rest nowhere." 
Eclipse first on turf this year, and for 
seventeen months won every race, closing 
his career by walking over the Newmarket 
course for the King's plate. His full speed 
was never tested, no horse ever having put 
It to the proof. 

1769. — Olive trees planted at San Diego, 
Calif., still in bearing. 

1709. — First investigation of pleuro-pneii- 
nionla in cattle by Bourgelat, the foundii 
of veterinary schools, brought about l>\ 
prevalence of the disease in Europe. 

1770. — First plantings of grrape at the 
Mission of San Gal^riel, in California. 

1770. — The popular Bartlett pear orig- 
inated ini England, it l)eing propa.gated by a 
nurseryman n.nmed Williams; but having 
lieen disseminated in this country by Enoch 
Bartlett, it thus actiuired its new name. 

1771. -The great fringed orchis first made 
known to botanists through D. Pitcairn, who 
introduced it into the Kew gardens from 
Newfoundland. 

1771. — Silk culture begun in Pennsylvania 
and New .Tersey. It was interrupted by the 
Revolutionary War, and only revived in a 
small way after the treaty of peace. 

1771. — ^Baron William Stiegel, who came 
to America twentj-one years before, gave 
the land for a church at Manheim, Pa, this 



clau -e being in the indenture: "Yielding and 
p.i.ying therefor unto the said Henry William 
.■^tiegel, his licirs and assigns, of the said 
town of Manheim, in the month of June, 
yearly, forever hereafter, the rent of one red 
rose, if the same shall be lawfully 
demanded." 

1772. — ^Priestley's treatise on breathing of 
plants issued in this year, 

1773. — To Mrs. Itlartin Logan, daughter cf 
Robert Daniel, a Governor of North Caro- 
lina, is accorded the credit of publishing the 
lirst American treatise on gardening, which 
was written in her seventieth year. 

177;J. — In Philadelphia, this year, Peteliah 
Webster sold clover and duck gra'ss seed, 
being one of the earliest in the seed business 
in that city. 

1772. — Nitrogen discovered by Rutherford ' 
in this year. 

1773.~-.IaiTies Vaux, of Pennsylvania, im- 
porteil clover seed from England because it 
w IS diflicult to obtain in America. 

1773. — One of tlie early veterinai'y colleges 
stablished at Copenliagen, in Denmark. 

1773. — Spanish sheep introduced on the 
I'icific coast of the United • States; same 
\ind as in Florida. 

1773. — ^An iron plow was presented to the 
Society of Arts in London, England, by a 
"Mi Brand. 

1774. — -During the Revolutionary War, 
ivinsey Borden, of St. Paul's Parish, South 
( aroMna, invented a roller gin for the 
I leaning of lon.g staple and silky cotton, of 
u hich he was a large grower. 

1775. — Empress Maria Theresa of Austria 
nnported several hundred Saxony Merino 
sheep and placed them in Hungary at Mere- 
( pail, where an agricultural school was 
established. 

1775. — The Cherokee rose, a Chinese 
species, known to have been cultivated at 
this time in the Southern states. 

1775. — Improvement In cotton-spinning 
machinery by Dr. Cartwright in England. 

1775.— Bartriim's tree orchis, the first of 
its kind found in the Middle States, intro- 
duced into Fothergill's gardens, in London, 
it having been discovered in Florida a year 
or two before. 

1775. — James Longhead advertised seeds 
in Philadelphia, 'saying that he kept "a 
quantity of the largest kind of collyflower 
.seed, found on trial to be extraordinary 
pood." 

1775. — Count Orloff Tschismensky, a lover 
of horses, imported the grey Arabian stal- 
lion Srnetanxa, and, crossing on Danisli, 
:Outch and English mares, originated tho 
1 reed of Russian trotters. 




SOUTHDOWN WETHER— GRAND CHAM- 
PION, WESTERN NATIONAL SHOW, 
DENVER, COLO., 1912. Exhibited by the 
Agricultural College, Fort Collins. Colorado. 



20 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1775. — Improvpment in Southdown sheep 

bee an about this time. 

1775. — The first Austrian veterinary coi- 
h'gre e'slablished at Vienna. 

1776. — The first artitieial road in America 
\va« built in thi.'< year, from Philadelphia 
to New York. 

1776. — In New Yorlv City, Samuel Deall, 
a dealer in merchandise on Broad street, 
Wepi a sreneral assortment of seeds, includ- 
ing' red clover, Krass and "Saintfoine," for 
i'Tiprovement of land. 

1776. — M. de Trudaine introduced Merino 
hheei> in France. 

1776, July 4. — Declaration of Independence. 

1776. — The famous French nurseries at 
Ussy, afterward.^ acquired by I^evavasseur >.<r 
Sons, established by Mons. Turgot, Comp- 
troller General of France under I^ouis XIV. 

1777. — Poll tax levied for Baltimore 
county and city fixed at 172 pounds of 
tobacco. One of tlie latest payments of 
I axes in produce. 

1777. — Highland (Ajiricultural) Society of 
Seotlanil instituted. 

1777. — Batii and West of England (Agri- 
cultural) Society established. 

1777. — I. arse importation of Spanish 
Merino sheep by the people of Saxony. 

1777. — John Eartram, born in 1699, died 
:n this year. He was called the "Father of 
American Botany." He founded at Kinges- 
sinj^- the Hrst .\merican Botanical Garden 
and published many valuable writings on 
botaiiica! subjects. 

1779. — The inhabitants of New England 
obtained their first sweet corn from the 
'ndiiins in this year. 

1779. — In this year the expedition of Gen- 
eral Sullivan against the Six Nations in the 
Genessee country. New Yorlt, ascertained 
that tlie Indians had fields of corn, and 
t;ardens of beans, peas, turnips, cabbages, 
melons, carrots, parsnips and potatoes. 

1779. — Tomatoes first used in catsup ■ in 
New Orleans about this time. 

1779. — An earl.v sweet corn introduced into 
Connecticut by an officer of the army re- 
turning from an expedition against the 
Indians in the Genessee country. 

1779. — Improvements in cotton-spinning 
machinery in England by Compton. 








VsS, 



fl^I'M'' 



''\i^%ly, 






The Smithfield beef champion. 



1779. — J. H. Campbell, of Charlton Kent, 
England, fed and exhibited a famous Here- 
ford ox at Greenwich. Live weight, 3,360 
pounds; fore quarters, 1,016 pounds; hind 
(juarters, 890 pounds; dressed weight, 1,912 
pounds. 

1780. May 1th. — This was the first Derby 
Day in Kngland. The race was won by 
Diomed. the property of Sir Charles Bu.i- 
oury. All the competitors were colts. The 
distance was one mile. 

1780. — Imported Messenger (a thorough- 
bred), foaied in 17S0, imported to the 
Cnited States in 17SS and died in ISOS. He 
was of Arabian descent. First in list of 
original sources of American trotting blood. 
Great-grandsire of Rysdick's Hamble- 
tonian. 

1780. — ^Wllliam Pitt, of Pendeford, Eng- 
land, invented a reaping machine suggested 
by the description of Pliny and Palladius. 



This was described in Young's Annals of 
Agriculture in 1787. 

1780. — ^Practice of drilling and horse- 
hoeing crops introduced Into Northumber- 
land. 

1780. — Mr. John Ellman, of Glynde Farm, 
near I/ewis. in Sussex, England, commenced 
breeding and improvement of Southdown 
sheep. Continued fifty-two years. 

1782. — The Mango reached the West 
Indies from Brazil and soon became natur- 
alized. 

178.S. — London Society for the Encourage- 
ment of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce 
called public attention to the existence and 
value of cotton-seed oil. 




A Clydesdale stallion. 



1783. — Exhibition of stallions at Edinburg, 
.Scotland. Highest prize won by "Blaze," 
first horse causing marked improvement in 
Clydesdales. 

1783. — First Gough & Miller Shorthorn 
cattle importation via Baltimore to Virginia. 

1783, September 3d. — Peace in Ameri<'H 
after eight years of war for independence. 

1783. — "Hubback," a great foundation bull 
of Shorthorn family, bought by Robert Col- 
ling and Mr. Waistell of Mr. Fawcett, near 
Darlington. England. This bull was the 
gre.atest factor in Shorthorn cattle improve- 
ment. Had been used berore the discovery 
of his merits for service at one 'shilling per 
cow. 

1784. — Plow with east-iron mold board 

and v.-rought and cast-iron shares invented 
by James Small, of Scotland. 

1784. — David Landreth established himself 
near Plailadelphia in market gardening, 
nursery and seed-growing business. 

1784, August 2d. — The first mail coach in 
history started from London to Bri'stol, in 
PJng'and. 

1784. — Charles Colling, of Ketton Hall, 
England, bought a cow at. Darlington 
market of Thomas Appleby for $85, wliicli 
he afterwards named Duchess — original stock 
cow of the famous Shorthorn Duchesses. 

1784. — First exportation of cotton, eight 
bags, weighing in all 1,200 pounds. 

1785. — power loom added to inventions for 
manufacturing cotton goods by Dr. Cart- 
wright, of England, greatly increasing the 
demand for raw cotton. 

1785. — First organization of American 
agri«'uUural societies at Philadelphia, then 
the Nation.al Capit.al. George Washington, 
Benjamin Fr.nnklin and Timothy Pickering, 
prominent members. 

1785. — Robert Ransome, of Ipswich, Eng- 
land, introduced plows with cast-iron 
shares. 

1786. — iBefore this year cotton was a 
domestic manufacture amongst Southerrs, 
planters. A letter from Thomas Jefferson 
said; '"The four soutliernmost states make 
a great deal of cotton. Their poor are 
almost entirely clothed with it in winter 
and summer," 

1786. — Franz Karl Achard, German chem- 
ist, discovered the true method of sepa- 
rating the sugar from the sugar-beet plant. 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES, 



21 



1786. — Hca Island cotton introduced in 
Georgia from the West Indies. 

1786. — Mrs. Colling, wife of Mr. Charles 
Colling-, of Shorthorn lireeding fame, first 
known and recognized as cattle breeder, or, 
in modern terms, a t'attle Queen. 

1786. — The French government purchased 
.SOO sheep from Spain, the foundation of the 
French (Rambouillet) Merino. 

1787. — The King of Spain presented a 
jack and .jennet to General George Wasii- 
ins^ton. The jack was called the Royal 
Gift. 

1787. — A mill for the manufacture v>f 
cotton erected at Beverly, Mass. 

1787. — A mill for the manufacture of 
cotton was erected on James Island, South 
Carolina. 

1788. — In this year a Mr. Bisset. of 
(Jeorgia, contrived a cotton-gin liaving two 
rollers revolvin.? in opposite directions by 
which five pound's of cleaned cotton were 
made per day. 

1788. — President Stiles, of Yale, wore at 
the commencement exercises, this year, a 
t»j|k gown froni material made and woven 
in Connecticut. 

1788. — As early as this date the American 
scarlet rose-niall<>\v, said by Meehan to l)e 
"the most gorgeous of all the plants indig- 
enous to the United States." was mentioned 
in Walter's "Flora Caroliniana." 

1788. — First extensive production of Sea 
Island cotton. I'homas Proctor raised 5,O00 
I'ounds upon a plantation near Savannah, Ga. 

1788. --.Swedish turnip and potato oat 
added to fami crops in England and Scot- 
land. 

1788. — King: George, III., introduced 3Ierino 
sheep in England. They did not thrive in 
that country. 

1789. —First authentic notice of Jersey 
cattle liy the T,egi.slature of the Jersey 
Island passing an act to keep out fraudulent 
cows from France. 

1789. — George Washington, President of 
the United States, and served eight years, 
to 1797. 

1789. — Jussieu founds the Natural System 
of Plants. 

1789. — Eclipse, the peerless thoroughbred, 
died at the age of 25. He was sire of S'H 
winners at the race course. Owned by Mr. 
O. Xelly. 

1789. — General Lafayette presented a fine 
Maltese .jack to General Washington, named 
the Knight of Malta. 



1789. — Commodore Gardner sent orchi'l 
plants of Enii>idendrum fragrant from the 
woods of Jamaica One flowered two ye.ars 
aftei- and was the first orchid figured in the 
Botanical ivlagazine. 




The foundation sire of the Morgan breed. 

1789. — Justin Morgan, famous horse, 
parent sire of Morgan horses, foaled this 
year at Springfield, Mass.; died in 1S21; 
was moved to Randolph, Vt. Justin Morgan 
'.vas descended frona the English thorough- 
bred, also from Arabians and Turks. No 
Morgan horse can be registered without one 
fcixty-fourth of his blood in tire male line. 




TORMENTOR — A typical Jersey bull. 



1789. — On the Island of Jersey an act of 

the local Legislature prohibited the impor- 
tation of .any foreign breed of cattle. 

J 790. — A cotton mill, driven by water, 
with ginning, carding and other machines, 
also spinning machines with eighty-four 
si)indles each, put in operation at States- 
burg, S. C. 

1790. — Great imjirovement in the treadle 
cotton gin made by Joseph Eve, of Provi- 
dence. K. I., then residing in the Bahamas. 

17f)0. — Almy t Brown established a 
cotton mill at Pawtucket. R. I. In the same 
year a mill was erected in South Carolina. 

1790.- Successful attempt to grow Sea 
Island cotton in ihe United States by Mr. 
Wm. Elliott, near Beaufort, S. C. Seed pro- 
cured from tlie Bahama Islands. 

17.90. — Small's swing plow and Meikle's 
threshing machine brought into general use. 

1790. — When Alexander Hamilton was 
Secretary of State under George Washing- 
ton as Pre.'idenl. the exports of tobacco 
constituted 21.5 per cent, of all exports, and 
only second in importance to flour. 

1790. — Goetlie writes on the metamorphosifi 
of plants. 

1790. — Thomas Booth, founder of a Short- 
horn cattle family, commenced breeding at 
Ivillerby, in Yorkshire. 

1790. — The New Kngland Farmer, a 
volume of over 300 pages, .published at 
Wori.'ester, Mass. 

1790. — The first Prussian veterinarj- college 

established in Berlin 

1790. — The Hugaiian government estab- 
lished n stud of Arab horses at Babolna, 
under the Tiepartment of Agriculture, for 
the purpose of raising army horses. 

ITQl. — In this year Mr. Heaton, a butcher, 
who hiid settled in New York about 1775, 
imported some Shorthorn cattle from the 
herd of Mr. George Culley. of Northumber- 
land. V\'hat became of them is unknown. 

1791, February 2(jth. — New York Society 
For the Promotion of .Agriculture, Arts and 
Manufactures organized on this date. 

I'JOl. — Agricultural s<'ciety formed at Ken- 
nebec, Mass (now Kenneliec, Me.). 

1791. — According to Dr. Elwood Harvey, 
in an essay on the American trotting horse, 
trotting as a spor: l)egan in England in this 
year. i^e mentions an account of a brown 
mare, 'ighteen years old, that trotted six- 
teen miles en the Essex Road in fifty-eight 
minutes. 

1791. — Otter sheep, with a long body and 
!-I\ort, crooked legs, originated from a mal- 
iormed twin ram. Efforts were made to 
I'reserve this sporadic variety on account of 
its inability to run and jump and thus 
escape from an enclosure. In the Eastern 
States 't promised to become a distinct 
species, but it has disappeared. Imagining 
that the ewe had been frightened by an 
otter (then occasionally seen in the vicinity) 
people called it the Otter sheep. This state- 
ment is from Harper's Book of Facts." 



22 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1791. — The first English veterinary college 

established in London. 

1791. — Four .Spanish Merino rams received 
into the United States, one ram supposed to 
ha\e been u.spd in the vicinity of Delaware 
until ISOS. 

1792, March 7th. — Western Society of 
Middlesex Husbandmen formed in Massa- 
chusetts. 




BUTTONWOOD DICK, 7th — CHAMPIO>J 
RED POLLED STEER, CHICAGO LIVE 
STOCK EXPOSITIO'N OP 1911. Exhibited 
by the Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa, 



1792. — Pierre Legaux, a Frenchman, to- 
Kether with a number of Pliiladelphia 
people, set out a vineyard at ,Springmill, on 
the Schuylkill river. 

1792, April 11th. — The New York Legisla- 
ture appropriated a sum for the Columbia 
College to endow an agricultural professor- 
ship. 

1792. — As an experiment Mr. Charles Col- 
ling, Shorthorn cattle breeder, used a bull 
which was half Shorthorn and half Gallo- 
way. This was called the "alloy" strain 
and was afterwards bred out. 

1792. — Arthur Young, of West Suffolk, in 
England. inentions "universally Polled 
<'attle, red, hrindle or yellowish-cream color, 
famous for their quantity of milk;" the 
original Red Polled cattle. 

1792. — British Wool Society of England 
mentions sheep of Morfe common near 
Bridgnorth, spotted-faced Polled breed, 
origin of Shropshire.^. 

1793. — Vineyards planted in Jessamine 
county. Kentucky, by a colony of Swiss 
grape growers. 

1793.- -The Macartney rose brought to 
England from China by Ix)rd Macartney. 




YOUNG ALICE'S PRINCE.— A St. Louis 
World's r'air champion Shorthorn bull. 



1793. — "Favorite," Shorthorn bull, calved 
this year, was an inbred bull and was used 
10 inbreed to an extraordinary extent. His 
son by his own dam, the bull "Comet," was 
Ihe first of the Shorthorn breed to sell at 
$5,000. 

1793, February 27th. — By act of Congress, 
lireeding and useful animals were admitted 
into this country free of import duty. 

1793. — Eli Whitney's cotton gin invented, 
greatest stimulus to cotton production in 
this country. 

1793. — It appears that the invention of 
tlie cotton gin not only stimulated cotton 
production, but it also made cotton a com- 
petitor to flax, checking the production of 
flax for fiber and indirectly causing more 
attention to be paid to flax seed as a com- 
mercial product. 

1793. — National Board of Agriculture of 
Great Britain org.anized. Sir John Sinclair 
principal advocate. 

1793. — Hon. Wm. Foster, of Boston, im- 
ported two .Merino ewes and one ram from 
Cadiz. He presented them to a friend, who 
killed and ate them. 

1793. — Soutli African white-haired ewes 
crossed with imported Spanish Merino rams, 
same being from the royal flock of King 
George, III., of England. 

1793. — The latest form of foot or treadle 
sin for cotton was introduced in Georgia 
from the Bah.ama.s. 

1794.— .Accordin.g to the ISGO United States 
Census, a French trav.jler named Volney 
went to see all the American vineyards he 
could hear of in this year, even so far as 
Kaskaskia, on the Mississippi river, where 
he was informed that the Jesuits had 
planted a vineyard, but that the French 
government had ordered or influenced its 
destruction to prevent French grapes grow- 
ing in America. 

1794. — Society for Promoting Agriculture 

in the state of Connecticut organized. 

1794. — Arthur Young published a book en- 
titled "A Survey of Suffolk," in England, 
and mentions the hornless cattle of that 
country, saying: "There is hardly a dairy 
of any consideration in this district which 
ooes not contain cows which give in the 
Iteight of the season eight gallons of milk 
a day and six are cominon among many for 
a large pan of the .season. For two or 
three months a whole dairy will give five 
gallons a day on the average." 

1794. — In tills year, a writer named Raw- 
lin, in speaking of the cattle of Ayrshire, 
said: "They have another breed called the 
Dunlop, which are allowed to be the best 
race for givin,g milk of any cows in Great 
Britain or Ireland, not only for large quan- 
city, but for richness and quality." The 
Dunlops are a family of the Ayrshire breed 
of cattle. 

1794. — Matthew Patten removed from 
Hardy county, Virginia, to Kentucky, and 
carried with him some English cattle which 
he had bought of a Mr. Goff, of Maryland. 

1794. — The Shaker Community at Mount 
Lebanon, N. Y., t/egan growing farm seeds 
and developed a large trade in them. 

1795. — One of the earliest seed farms was 
established at Enfield, N. H., in this year. 

1795. — Sieur Etienne De Bore, of Louisi- 
ana, announced that he had discovered a 
process necessary to obtain grained sugar. 
He demonstrated it on his plantation. 

1795. — In this yea;- Nicholas Appert, a 
Frenchman, disco\ered the art of hermetical 
sealing of food, now well known under the 
title of canning. Fourteen years later he 
was awarded a prize by the government, 
which had been offered, long before, for a 
method that would preser\e alimentary sub- 
stances without robbing them of their 
natural qualities and .iuices. 

1796. — ^Charies Colling, breeder of Short- 
horn cattle, exhibited a steer in England 
and Scotland known as the "Durham ox;" 
weighed 3,024 pounds at six ySlrs old. 

1796, December 7th. ^In his message to. 
dongress President Washini.gton recommended 
pecuniary encouragement for the establish- 
ment of institutions to promote agricultural 
interests. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



23 



1796. — Tn I>ancaster county, Pennsylvania, 
im outbreak of cattle fever wa.s caused by 
South Carolina cattle being brought in and 
sold there. First report of splenic cattle 
fever, afterwards attributed to the ticks In 
Southern cattle. 

1796. — Mr. .Tohn Ellman, of Glynde, Sussex, 
r;ngland, called a meeting .it the town of 
Lewes to collect money for prizes to be 
awarded .-uccL>ssfal breeders, which action 
led to the formation of the Sussex A.-jricult- 
ural Society. 

1796. — Owin^ to the deficient harvest and 
foreign wars, Kngli!>h wheat rose from ordi- 
nary price of fifty shillings per quarter to 
ninety-six shillings per quarter. 

1796. — In this year, according to the 
American Shepherd by I>. A. Morrell, an 
exhibit of wool was made at RambouWlef, 
in France, in order to boom the Kaiiibouillet 
breed of sheep, of which the French govern- 
inent had a monopoly. A large number of 
manufacturers and dealers in wool attended 
the exhibit and unanimously ag-reed that the 
wool on exhibit there was the finest, longest, 
softest and strongest they had ever seen, 
but they promptly got together and formed 
a combination to keep down the price. 

1797. — John Adams. President of the 
United States, and served four years. 

1797. — Trustees of Massachusetts Agricult- 
ural Society commenced issuing: tracts or 
bulletins. 

1797. — Letters patent. signed by John 
Adams, President, were issued in ,Iune of 
this year to Charles Newbold, of New 
Jersey, who invented the first cast-iron 
plow ever made in America. Strange to say, 
the farmers had an idea that the cast-iron 
plow poisoned the land and promoted the 
trrowth of rocks! 

1797. — In this year, from the flock of 
Colonel Gordon, twenty-nine Spanisli Merino 
sheep were taken from Cape Colony, South 
Africa, to establish the fine wool flocks of 
New South Wales, Australia. 

1798. — Robert Colling, lireeder and im- 
prover of Shorthorn cattle, exhibited a 
beautiful pure-bred heifer, known as "the 
white heifer that traveled." Estimated live 
weight, 2,300 pounds. 

1798. — In this year Thomas Jefferson wrote 
an essay in which he discussed the best 
form nnd cnrvntiirp of the mold hoard of 
plows, this being as far as known the first 
attempt in this country to apply scfentific 
principles to such a problem. 

1798. — ^The tomato first brought to Phila- 
delphia from Santo Domingo, but not re- 
garded as a marketable product. 

1798. — The Shaker Community at AVater- 
vliet, N. Y., made brooms of broom corn. 

1798. — In this year, in Kentucky, was 
begun the Dufours vineyar<l, where the first 
great American grape, the Cape — an offshoot 
of the fox-grape — was propagated. This 
grape was popular in the early half of the 
nineteenth century. 

1798. — Smithfield (I^ondon) Club organized. 
Duke of Bedford, President; Arthur Youn.g, 
Secretary. Object, to promote improvement 
in cattle. Annual Cattle Show instituted: 
first exhibition the following year. 

1798. — The Mcintosh apple, a tvinter 
variety of Northern origin, discovered by 
John Mcintosh, of Dundela, Ontario, Canada. 

1799, July 4th. — The first patent for a 
reaping machine in England was granted to 
.Joseph Boyce, of Pine Apple Place, at 
Mary-Ie-bone, a northwestern suburb of 
London. 

1799. — On the ll'.th day of October a trot- 
ting inatch was decided on Sunbury Com- 
mon, England, between Mr. Dixon's brown 
gelding and Mr. Bishop's grey gelding, each 
carrying 16S pounds. The race was won in 
?7 minutes 10 seconds. The distance is not 
stated, but the time shows that it "was a 
trial of endurance as well as speed. This 
Item is from the book by Dr. El wood Harvey. 

1799. — First Tunis sheep imported into 
this country from Africa by Gen. Wm. 
Eaton, United States Consul. He sent ten 
head on the ship Sophia, bound for the 
United States. One ram and one ewe only 
survived the voyage. This pair -was bred 
under care of Judge Richard Peters, of 



Belmont, near Philadelphia, until he had a 
fine flock. The imported pair were finally 
killed by <logs. I he ewe raising her last 
lamb at the age ot sixteen years. 

1799. — Old Dlomede, a thoroughbred, the 
first I)erb.v winner in Kngland, imported into 
Virginia at the age of twenty years. Father 
of the American saddle horse. 

1799. — Mr. John Westcar, of Oreslow. 
Bucks, England, commenced attending and 
exhibiting at Hereford Fairs. He won 
twenty-one fiviU prizes in succe.>*sion at the 
Smithfield Cattle .'^how. 

1799. — In this year l^ouis Lesson estab- 
lished a trading post at Montrose, in Lee 
county, Iowa, and planted near his cabin 
a small orchard of about 100 trees that he 
brought from St. Charles, Missouri. This is 
the first authentic record of fruit culture in 
Iowa. 

1799. — One of the earliest works on horti- 
cultural sub.iects published in North 
America was an American edition of 
"Marshall's Introduction to the Knowledge 
and Practice of Gardening," issued in 
Boston in this year. 

1800.— Peter J. Curtenius, a large iron 
founder of New York City, advertised cast- 
iron plows. 

1800. — John Patten removed from Ken- 
tucky to Chillicothe, Ohio, taking with him 
some cattle of the p^nglisli breed which his 
father had moved from Virginia to Ken- 
tucky. 

1800. — The Northern Spy, a famous apple, 
was originated in New York state about 
this year. 

1800. — In this year L.eicester sheep were 
imported into Canada, by Rev. Mr. Toofy, of 
Quebec. 

1800. —In this year Mr. Ben Davis began 
the cultivation of the orchard in which was 
originated the apple bearing his name. He 
was born in Prince Edwards county, Vir- 
ginia, in 1775, and in ISOO removed to 
Butler county, Kentucky, where he acquired 
a large tr.act of land, and up to the out- 
iirealc of the Ci\il War owned about twenty 
slaves. He was the pioneer apple grower 
and nurseryman of that section of country, 
and his long experience in propagating 
finally produced the Ben Davis apple. 

1800. — ^Bernard McMahon, gardener, seeds- 
man and author, opened a seed store in 
i'hiladelphia. 

1800. — Thomas Bates, of Kirklevington, 
appears as breeder of Shorthorn cattle. This 
herd was bred and held together fifty years. 

1800. — The frigate Constitution brought a 
Maltese ,iack 1o the United States from lier' 
first cruise in the Mediterranean. 

1800. — Farmers* Magazine established. Ed- 
ited by Robert Brown, of Markle; continued 
until 1827. Great help to British agri- 
culture. 

1800. — Richard England, of Bingham, and 
Jonas Reeve, of Wighton, Norfolk, England, 
commenced the improvement of Red Polled 
cattle. 

1800. — ^In England. Robert Meurs, of Som- 
ersetshire, was g-ranted a patent for a 
reaping machine propelled on wheels but 
worked by hand. 



THE NINETEENTH CENTlTRy. 

1801. — ThonL-is Jefferson, President of the 
t'nited St.ates, and served eight years, to 
isng. 

1801.— Edwin Hammond born; died 1.S70; 
a;reat improver of Atwood Merino sheep. 

1801. — A communication to the Massachu- 
setts Agricultural Society contained the germ 
of a movement in behalf of agriculture, re- 
sulting in the holding of Fairs. It was 
recommended that "small bounties be given 
for certain articles." 

1801.— In this year M. Delessert, a FVench 
banker, owning a farm near Kingston. N. Y., 
made an attempt to import .some sheep of 
the Frencli Rambouillet Merinos. Unfortu- 
nately three out of four perished during the 
voyage, and the survivor, a ram, was 
placed on his farm. According to A. L. 
Jlorrell, author of the American Shepherd, 
this was the first individual of the breed 
introduced into this country. 



24 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



tSOl. — In Oi'toher of this year Mi*. S'eth 
Adams, of Massachusetts, imported a Merino 
ram and ewe from France. He received an 
award of S50 from the Agricultural Society 
of Massachusetts for the importation of a 
pair of sheep of superior breed. 




S1*\MSH MrUlN" K\M -Pictuie iPl)i 
renting- this bleed when thev uerc first im 
ported an hundred >eaih at,o. Ihc improv 
ment bv the American breeder reprresents 
three for one in lleece-bearing capacity. 

1801. — Straw or chaff-cultins machine in- 
wonted by Lesier. 

1801. — It was about this time that an 
eccentric man. known as "Johnny Apple- 
peed. •" began planting apple seed througnoui 
indiana and adiacent territory. His method 
was to scatter them broadcast, and he lived 
to see 100,000 acres in orchards of his 
planting. 

1802. — .lohn Biddis, of Pennsylvania, 
f.pcured in this country a patent for 
inakinK potato starch. 

1803. — Tomatoes introduced at Salem, 
l\Ia?>-., by Mii'iielo Corne, an Itali.in 
i/ainter, but hn had considerable difficulty in 
persuadinET people to eat thein. 

lj;02. — ^A Pennsylvanian named Murr.i> 
emisTraied to Buncombe county, North Cari)- 
lina, ten miles southeast of Asheville, and in 
Ihii^ year found the Catawba grapes growing; 
wild. This g-rape was brought into gener.il 
iiotb'C ijy Major ,Tohn .Adlum, of GeorJ;e- 
lown, D. C. 

1802. — Mr. Li-\'ingson, of New York state 
ATinister to France, imported two pairs of 
Merino sheep. 

1802. — ^Col. David Humphreys. United 
States Minister to the Court of Spain, being 
succeeded by Hon. Chas. Pinckney, was ten- 
dered by the King of Spain a customai v 
present to retiring Minister of ten bars of 
!;cild, weighing one pound each, but as the 
law forbids a United States Minister re- 
ceiving nresents from a foreign court, Colon?l 
IJump'hrejs declined it, but requested the 
privilege of buving and taking 200 Merino 
sheep out of the country The Spanish Court 
did not fornially grant permission, but al- 
lowed the exportation to be made. The 
.sheep ^vere pure Transhumantei* or herded 
sheep, and represent the Spanish Merino 
.'•beep in America. 

1803. — T>evi Thurston employed the first 
lilt hammer at Orange, Mass.. for the pur- 
pose of m.aking scythes. 

IJ'OS. — .\ Shorthorn cow returned to Eng 
land from America: the owner also return- 
ing to his native country. 

1803. — American cranberi-y first grown at 
Cape Cod. Mass. 

1803, April 30th. — I.onisiana Territory pur- 
chased from Ihe French. 

1803, May 1st. — ^The first American 
patent for a machine for cutting grain was 
issued to Richard French and J. T. Hawkins, 
of New Jersey. This machine wa=! propelled 
on three wheels, one of which extended into 
tbe grain. 

1803, November lOth. — Jedediah Turner, of 
Cazenovia, N. Y., took out a patent on a 
threshing machine to be operated by horse, 
ox o>r wind power, and warranted to thresh 
J 50 bushels of wheat per day. 



1803. — ^Steam engine first used as thrash- 
ing power by Mr. Aitchison, of Drumore, 
England. 

1804. — Bananas were first imported into 
the United States in 1S14 by Captain John 
N. Chetser, oi tbe schooner Reynard, and 
consisted of thirty bunches. 

1801. — Dr. .lames Mease, in Willich's Do- 
niestick Enc> clopedia, describes the Wine- 
sap apple t..s follows: "Winesap — ^An autumn 
Iruit of deep red colour, and sweet, sprightlv 
taste, makes excellent cyder. * * * cul- 
tivated by Samuel Coles, of Moorestown, 
New Jersey." 

• 1804. — Horticultural Society of London 
rounded by Sir Jos. Banks and associates. 

1804. — Mr. John Price, of Ryall, Hereford- 
■-hire. first bought Hereford cattle, breedin..? 
continuously until 1S41. 

1804. — "The I'ennsylvaiiia Farmer," pub- 
lished in Philadelphia, describes brooiTi corn: 
••.•\ useful plant, the cheapest and best for 
making brooms, velvet whisks, etc." 

1804. — Dr. Thurston, first United States 
Commissioner of Patents, proposed that Fairs 
he held on market days at Washingt'>n, 
after the English fashion. First Fair held 
in Octolier f>f this year. 

1804. — Humlioldt writes on distribution of 
l<!ants. 

180.5. — Ice, now so much used in keeping 
meats and fruit, began to be exported, the 
pioneer being Frederick Tudor, of Boston. 
The first cargo of ice was sent to Martinique. 




.v triliuie to Johnny Appleseed. 

180.5. — Ground bones be.gan to be used in 
England as manure for turnips. 

1805. — In the fall of this year Grant Thor- 
burn began to sell seeds in New York and 
l)uiU up a substantial business. 

1805.— -In this year record was made of a 
■ >err\ pear tree in Flolme Lacy. Hereford- 
.-■hire, England. It covered inore than half 
:!n acre of ground, the branches bending 
(town and taking root, and in turn producing 
others in the same way. From this tree 
fifteen hogsheads of perry was made in a 
single year. 

1805. — Thomas J. Plunkett. of Kent, 
England, received a patent for a reaper 
having the cutting apparatus suspended 
beneath and in front of the axle and the 
power behind. 

1806. — Publication of Bernard McMahon's 
.\meriran Gardeners' Calendar, first re- 
corded history of American horticulture. 

1806.- -Wm. R. Dickerson, of Steuhenville, 
Ohio, commenced sheep raising b.v a pur- 
cha.se of Spanish Merinos from Mr. James 
■"aldwell, o'' Jennsylvania 

1800. — Velocity, dam of BelIfounder,trotted 
on the Norwich road, in England, sixteen 
miles in one hour, and though she broke 
lifteen times into a gallop and as often 
turned around, she won her match. Two 
years later she trotted twenty-eight miles 
111 one hour and forty-seven minutes. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



25 



1806. — In France, Napoleon restored gov- 
ernment stud estaI)lishmentB destroyed by 
ihe revolution. 

1806. — What is erpnerally accepted as 
being- the first authentic fast record of 
American tro'.ters is spoken of. Tills was 
2:59 for a mile trotting, made by the horse 
"Yankee" (breeding unknown) at Harlem, 
New York. 



H 


\j^ M 


MM 


n^^p-^^ 


14 1 


W^'f^j/M 


j5^ ^ w-' " "^ 


Mt^ W 


N^ skwIswmWIIbH 


mm / J 


m^^ 








f ''^L^ 


tt ,^^m 




JA-iiii iiiMiBfiiiiiiiiiiiii.i 


W 




iP 


^"^"^ 




Jhbii 


w^S^ i 




■npqp 



PAIR PERCHERON MARES. — Sold to 
John H. Wray, of Fort Worth, Texas, for 
$2,400 by J. Crouch & Son, after winning tbe 
highe-s't prizes at the Dallas State Fair, 1911, 
and at the National Breeders' and Feeders' 
Show of 1911. 

1807. — ■In this year Lieutenant Zebulon M. 
Pike, of the ITnited States Army, who had 
jireviously explored tho West and discovered 
Pike's Peak, was arrested in Spanish terri- 
tory as a trespasser and escorted back by 
way of New and Old Mexico to the sea 
coast, thence to the United States. In pass- 
ing through the Mexican province of 
Durango he found a stock ranch on whic>i 
lOCOOO sheep, cattle and horses were owned 
by one ranchman. 

1807. — In this year Mr. George Culley, of 
England, published a book entitled "Obser- 
vations on Live Stock," in which it was 
.'tated that Alderney cows were kept by the 
Nobility for the ricii milk which they gave 
to support the luxury of the tea table. 

1807.— The double white Banksian rose 
introduced into England from China, and 
named in honor of l^ady Banks. 

1807. — The Beurre Bose pear raised by 
Dr. Von Mons and named Calebosse Bose, in 
lionor of a distinguished Belgium cultivator. 

1807. — Count Rumford observed that plants 
deprived of carbonic acid die, and about this 
time Ingenhousz, another investigator, proved 
that they absorbed carbonic acid under the 
influence of sunlight. Thi.s led to the gen- 
eral basis of agrrieultural cheniistrj-, that 
plants live mainly on inorganic matter. 

1807. — Martyn's edition of Miller's "Gar- 
deners' Dictionary," published this year, 
enumerated ll!4 orchids. The orchids now 
number about 10,000 species. 

1807. — In this year it was reported that 
a Bates Shorthorn cow (Duchess) gave 
fourteen quarts of milk twice a day on 
gras:j alone, making forty-two ounces (two 
pounds ten ounces) of butter per day. 

1807. — ^Eleazer Carver, of Bridgewater, 
Mass., commenced the m.anufacture of roller 
tfins and saw mills in Mississippi and 
Louisiana. 



]g07. — Mr. Basse Muller Imported six 
.■^rerino sheep at Philadelphia from the flock 

of tho Prince of Hesse-Cas.sel. 

1807. — Elkanah Watson, of Mas.sachusetts, 
beginning with an exhibition of two Merino 
sheep on tho public square at Pittsfleld, 
Mass., soon developed an interest in llvo 
slock shows. 

1807. — .John Macarthur, of New South 
Wa.es. .\ustrali;i, sent home to England 
s/imples of his c!ii>. '.epresenting the begin- 
ning of tho Australian wool shipments. 

1808. — .\t the show of the East Norfolk 
.Xgricultur.al Society. Mr. Jonas Beeve, of 
Wighton, exhibited a Polled bull combining 
the merits of the Norfolk and Suffolk varte- 
lies. Fiist decidetl movement on iinprove- 
inent of Red I'olled cattle. 

1808, July lllh. — Samuel ariffith. of St. 
Louis, who appears to have been a trader in 
,ive stock, .idverrised for good beef cattle 
suitable for the New Orleans market. 

1808. — Commencement of public sheep 
>liearinfis by George Washington Parke 
I'astis. at Arlington, Va., near Washington, 
1>. C. 

1808. — First .jack stock imported into the 
.\'ew England States from Cape de Verde 
Islands. 

1808. — Hugh Watson, of Forfarshire, Scot- 
land, commences breeding Aberdeen-Angus 
cattle, he being nineteen years of age. 

1808, December. — Four of the best flocks 
of .\lerino sheep in Spain being confiscated 
l.v the Junta, were sold at Badajos to 
i.iivers from the ITnited Statesi and England. 
This was after the second invasion of the 
French into Spain. 

1808. — In this year Hon. Wm. Jarvis im- 
ported aierino sheep from Spain. They were 
Paulars, .\iguerras, Negrettis, Escurials and 
Montarcos. He bred them separately until 
1S1G. when he mixed them all together for 
the reason that they were very much alike, 
and he knew of no good reason why they 
should not be bred together. 

1808. — The Hereford bull Wellington 
calved this year; bred by Benjamin Tomp- 
kins, Jr ; one of the famous sir'es of thia 
breed; .sold for $1,400. 

1808. — Mr. Seth Adams moved his Merino 
sheep from Massachusetts to Muskingum 
county, Ohio. 

1808. — In this year Albert Gallatin men- 
tions a cotton mill as being operated by 
water power at Petersburg, Va. 





CHAMPION ANGOR.X GOAT owned by 
R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kas. 



26 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1809. — In July of this year Col. RicharU 
Peters proposed that the Philadelphia 
Society for the Promotion of Agriculture 
establish a manufactory of agricultural im- 
plements and a warehouse and repository 
for receiving and vending them. He stated 
that no manufactory of asricultural Imple- 
ments in general existed in the United 
States, although the demand was prodigi- 
ously gieat. 

1809. — James Madison. President of the 
United States, and served eight j'ears. 

1809. — Mr. Thomas Hotch migrated from 
Connecticut to Stark county, Ohio, with a 
few Jtlerino slieep. 

1809. — Twelve sheep of the Spanish Me- 
rino Ksciirial floi-k imported bv Mr. Jarvis 
sold for a total of $15,000. 

1809.— The Columbian Agrieiiltnral Society 
instituted: first organization to hold im- 
portant Fairs. 

1809. — ^Mr. Wni. Jarvis, of Vermont, Min- 
ister to Portugal, sent home 200 Spanish 
Merino sheep. 




WILLIAM PEiNN. 2: 07 14 — A COLT 
TROTTER. A free-for-all trotter and sire 
of trottersi. Sire of Miss Penn, 2:16: A. 
Penn, 2:17%; Steel Pen, 2:18% ; Voca, 
2:19%; Silver Pen, 2:15V4; and others. 
Owned by N. W. Bowen, of Delphi. Ind. 
From photo by Schreiber, of Philadelphia. 



1810, August 25th. — At Philadelphia, "Bos- 
ton Horse," a chestnut gelding, fourteen 
years old, trotted one mile in 2;4S%, in a 
sulky, for $600. This record is vouched for 
by J. H. WaiUace, trotting authority, and 
now generally accepted as the first reduction 
of an established time record by an Anieri- 
ean trotter. 

1810. — A well-known firm, Reitz, Van 
Breda & Joubert, agriculturists and ex- 
tended land proprietors in the districts of 
Bredasdorp and Swellendam, South Africa, 
made first successful importation to that 
country of .Spanish Merino sheep, there 
being two bucks and twenty-five ewes in the 
importation. During the Napoleonic wars in 
Europe the wool of these sheep sold for 90 
cents per pound. 

1810. — The malxingr of elieese as a business 
began in Herkeimer county. New York. 

1810. — First American eiffars mnde in the 
United States by Mrs. Prout, wife of a 
farmer of South Windsor, in the Connecticut 
Valley. 

1810.— Partial sale of Shorthorn cattle by 
Robert CoUing. Sixty-one cattle averaged 
*617.94 per head. 

1810. — Mr. Seth Adams, of Zanesvllle,Ohio, 
sold a pair of Merino slieep to Judge Todd, 
of Kentucky, for $1,500. 

1810. — Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, In- 
troduced fine jaclts into that state from 
•Spain. 

1810. — iScarcely inore than one variety ot 

the Moss rose was known at this time, 

though now there are more than an 
hundred. 



1810. — The tea plant introduced Into 
Brazil at Rio de Janeiro, 

I810.--By this time the invention of 
.Nicliolas Appert was used in England for 
canning: fruits and veg-etables. In this year 
an English patent was granted to one Peter 
Durand for a can made of tin to ne used in 
hermetically sealing food, the patent also 
covering the use of glass, pottery and other 
fit material. 

1810. — ^Captain Wm. Smith bought a 
.Shortliorn i)ull and took it to Fayette 
county, Kentucky. 

1810. — ^Sale of Sliortliom cattle by Charles 
Colling at Ketton, England; average for 
forty-seven head. $757: top price for the 
bull Comet, $5,000. This was the dispersion 
of one of the greatest herds of cattle in 
Shorthorn history. The broth.n'S Charles 
and Robert Colling had separate herds, and 
this was the first to T)e dispersed. The 
CoUings were the first great Improvers of 
modern Shorthorn cattle and they were 
first-class advertisers also by show-yard 
methods. 

1810. — ^The cranberry first cultivated from 
wild bog fruit in the vicinity of Cape Cod, 
Massachusetts. 

1810. — In this year Albert Gallatin said of 
.\merican household manufactures: "By far 
tlie greater iiart of the cotton, flax and 
woolen uroods was manufactured in private 
families, mostly for their own use and 
partly for sale " 

1810.— Sorghum recommended as a soiling 
crop under the name of Guinea corn by 
.lohn Lorain, in memoirs of Philadelphia 
AgricuUural .Society. 

1810. — In this year 2S3 linseed-oil mills 
were enumerated in the United States, of 
which 171 were in the state of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

1811. — The Merino Society organized in 
England with Sir John Banks as President 
find fifty-four Vice-Presidents. 

1811. — In this year Lord Braybooke, of 
.\udley End, England, established a herd of 
-■^Iderney cattle with one bull and eilght 
cows which cost $94.70 per head delivered 
at his estate. 

1811. — Spanish Merino sheep introduced 
into .Silesia by Ferdinand Fischer, of Wlr- 
chenblatt. Tliey were Nigrette and Infan- 
tado Merinos. 

1811. — Mr. Abraham Heaton Imported 
Spanish Merino sheep, forty-two head. 

1813. — Shorthorn cattle of Virginia impor- 
tations taken to Ohio. 

1812. — This is year in which the state of 
Louisiana was admitted into the ITnion. 

1812. — 'Artificial heat first employed in 
curing tobacco to produce the piebald or 
spansled tobacco of Virginia to satisfy the 
foreign demand. 

1812. — 'A Mr. Cox. of England, arrived 
witli a few Shorthorns, taking them into 
New York state. 

1812. — ^A party of twelve men of St. Louis, 
under the leadership of Captain McKnight, 
established what was afterwards called the 
Santa Fe trail, marvels of the New West. — 
M. B. Thayer. 

1812. — English wheat advanced to 12G 
shillings and 6 pence per quarter. Highest 
in history. 

1813.- -Importations of T.,eicester sheep by 
Christopher Dunn, of Albany, N. Y. 

1813. — At this time the factory of S. & 
A. Waters, of Amsterdam, N. Y., was turn- 
ing out 6,000 scythes annually. 

1813. — Foster & Murray, of Pittsburgh, 
Pa., carried on the manufacture of scythes, 
.sickles, hoes and shovels by steam power. 

1813. — Establishment of the famous flock 
of Stephen Atwood, who was the breeder of 
Merino sheep for fifty-four years. He started 
5Vlth one ewe bred to a neighbor's buck; 
result, twini5 — a back and ewe lamb. 

1813. — The thoroughbred horse imported 
into Cape Colony, South Africa, by Lord 
Charles Somerset, who was tlien Governor 
of the province. 

1813. — ^Duncan, in his "Farming of Here- 
fordshire," said of the Hereford cattle: 
"Lar.ge size, an athletic form, an unusual 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



27 



neatness, characterize the true sort; the 
l)revalling color is a rerKlish brown, with 
white face." 




HEAD OF DEiFENDER— International grand 

champion steer at Chicago. A 

pure-bred Hereford. 



1814. — The seed of the Miner plum 
planted in Knox county, Tennessee, by Wil- 
liam Dodd, an officer under Gen. Andrew 
Jackson. It went by different names for 
some time, and it is not certain how it 
became known as the Miner. 

1814. — According to DePronville, a French 
writer, in this year there were only 124 
varieties of roses, but by the advantage of 
multiplication by seed there are now more 
than 6,000 varieties. 

1814. — Valuable purple and striped variety 
of sugar cane brought to Georgia from, the 
West India island of St. E^statius. 

1814. — Richard Booth (son of Thomas) 
ootnmenced breeding 8iiortliorn cattle at 
Studiey, in Yorkshire 

1814. — Mr. Bezaleel Well«, of Fort Steuben, 
Ohio, bought large numbers of Merino slieep 
from Hon. Wni. .larvis. 

1814. — Texas or Soulliern cattle fever, first 
mentioned. Dr. James Mease, of Philadel- 
phia, said that cattle from South Carolina 
so certainly diseased all otliers witli which 
ihey mixed in their progress to the North 
that they were prohibited by the people of 
Virginia from passing througli that state. 

1814. — "Let us cultivate the ground, that 
the poor as well as the rich may be 'filled,' 
and happiness and peace be established 
throughout our borders." — On title page of 
Third Volume Memoirs of the Philadelphia 
f^ociety For Promoting Agriculture, pun- 
lished by Johnson & Warner. 

1814. — In July of this year Jethro Wood, 
of Scipio, N. Y., was granted a patent for a 
cast-iron plo»v, having the naould plate, 
share and landside cast as three parts. This 
became the foundation of many improve- 
ments of later date. 

1814. — Mr. Bezaleel Wells, Mr. Patterson, 
Henry Baldwin and James Ross erected a 
woolen factorj' at Steubenville, Ohio. 

1814, December 2.Sth. — ^Birth of Sir Jolin 
Bennett Lavves, of Hertfordshire, England, 
student of agricultural chemistry, whose 
field and animal experiments are of great 
service and value throughout the world. 

1814. — Nicholson, in the Farmers' Assistant, 
describes modern grasses and mentions that 
they seed freely. 

1815. — Com (wheat) laws of England re- 
enacted. 



1815. — In this year Joseph Louden Ma- 
cadam, a Scottish engineer, became Sur- 
veyor General of Roads at Bristol, England, 
and put itnto practical use the theories he 
had thought out. This resulted in the In- 
vention and development of what is now 
called the maeadani road. 

1815. — General failures of American woolen 
manufacturers had disastrous results on the 
sheep-raising industry. 

1815.-— In this year l/ouls Downing, of 
.•-^alGm, Ma.«s., moved to Concord, and there 
iieg.in the manufacture of coaches and 
wagons. 

1815. — Robert Barclay, of Bury Hill, near 
Dorking, in England, received two plows, 
sent him by Judge Peters, President of the 
.". gricultural Society of America. WThen 
tested against the best English plows, thoy 
>lid the work with two horses which 
i:ngiish plows did with four. 

1815. — First references to the cowpeas as 
t-nnd for forage and soil renovation. 

1815.---.-\bout this time Ezra Doggett, an 
i^nglishman, brought the secret of canning 
go<Kls to \merica and engaged in packing 
i.f hermetically-sealed food and engaged in 
the business with his son-in-law, Thomas 
Kensett. 

1816. — In this year died, on Boone's 
Creek. Washington county, Tennessee, a 
farmer who propagated the Hoss apple, 
sometimes caUed the "horse" apple. He 
was Jacob Hoss, great-grandfather of Bishop 
E. E. Hoss, and came there from Pennsyl- 
■■ ania in 177S. 

1816. — ^In this year, at Montreal, Canada, 
a French draft horse was imported that was 
owned by .lames McMatt. of Washington 
county. New York state, as late as 1S33. He 
was called European and supposed to be a 
Percheron. 

1816. — The Oakes cow, famous in Massa- 
chusetts this year, gave forty-four quarts 
of '.nilk per day," and made 467 pounds of 
butter m one year. ■• 

1816. — The Isabella grape, supposed to be 
a nati\e of Dorchester county, South Caro- 
lina, was tai\en north this year. It was 
introduced into New York by Mrs. Isabella 
Gibbs, of j^rookl.vn, .and was named for her. 
it was the third great American grape, 
being a slioot of the wild fox-grape. 




A TYI'IC.M, POLAND-CHINA BO.\i;. — 
nOY.AL DLTDE, as a yearling, weighed .540 
pounds. This is one of the champions at 
the Great St. I.,ouis Fair, which at one time 
was the greatest Fair of all. 



1816. — The "Big Chinas," large, white 
ho.gs, with sandy spots, taken to Warren 
countj', Ohio. Berkshires following in 1830: 
Irish Graziers in 1S39; and a breed called 
Byfields. All had something to do towards 
establishment of the breed of Poland-China 
swine. 

1816. — This is known as the year without 
a summer. The corn crop failed for wane 
of sunshine throughout the country. At 
Watertown, N. Y., on June 7th, there was 
Ke three-eighths of an inch thick. In 
Maine, commercing on June 12th, snow fell 
for three days, and the earth was frozen 
half an inch deep. 

1817. — James Monroe, President of the 
United States, and served eight years. 

1817. — In Philadelphia appeared "The 
View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees," by 
Wm. Coke, credited as being the first 
American pomological book. 



28 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1817. — The Hessian fly, so called from the 
tiupposition that it was brought to this 
country in some straw by the Hessian 
soldiers iluring the Revolutionary War, 
scientifically described by the naturalist 
Thomas Say. 

1817. — The "Missouri Intelligencer and 
Boon's Lick Advertiser," the first newspaper 
publication in Missouri, printed at Old 
Franklin, in Howard county. It was neces- 
sarily somewhat of a farmers' paper. 

1817. — First pure-bred Devon cattle im- 

)>orted by Mr. Patterson, of Haltimore, 
from the English herd of the Earl of 
Leicester. 

1817. — First pedigreed Shorthorn bulls 

imported into the United States by Samuel 
M. Hopkins, of Moscow, N. Y. 

1817. — Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, im- 
I'orttd Hereford cattle, four head. 

1817. — Colonel Ivcwis Sanders, of Ken- 
tucky, im^ported eight Shorthorn cattle and 
four Longhorns. 

1817. — Felix Renick. of Kentucky, drove 
100 prime fat Shorthorn steers to Phila- 
delphia, and sold them for $i;?4 per head 
on the beef market, Mr. Renick was tho 
first man to drive cattle over the Allegheny 
Mountains to the New York market. 

1817. — In his book. "View of the Cultiva- 
tion of Fruit Trees," punllshed in Phila- 
delphia by Mr. Coke, he illustrated and 
described the Winesap apple and cliaracter- 
ized it as then "becoming the most favor- 
able cider fruit in West Jersey." This book 
is considered as being the beginning of 
s.vstematic pomology ii> America. 

1817. — A few I.,onehoni cattle from Eng- 
land imported into Kentucky, Ijut soon 
crossed with other breeds and lost sight of 

1817. — The Noisette rose, raised by John 
Champney, of Charleston. S. C, from see^ 
of the Musk rose, fertilized by a blush 
China rose. From the seed of this hybrid 
T'hilippe Noisette; a florist of Charleston, 
obtained a rose which was afterwards dis- 
tributed as Blush Noisette by his brother 
T.ouis. of Paris. 

1818. — In this year Ellsha Mills, from the 
Xew England States, established himself 
i. s a p<irk pa«'ker in Cincinnati. This was 
the besiinning of a great industry in Cincin- 
nati, which ;?;ave th.Tt city prominence for 
many years and became for a time the grea,t 
pork packing center of the country. 

1818. — Crinjson clover introduced into the 
United States by Bedingfield Hands, of 
Chestertown, Md. 

1818. — Importation of I>evon cattle from 
Engl.and by Hon Rufus King, of New York. 

1818. — High water on the river Nile, ZV2 
feet above proper level, destroying crops. 
First record of .threat Hood in modern agri- 
culture. 

1818. — Dearborn's secdingr pear r.'tised this 
year by H. A. .S. Dearljorn, of Boston. 

1818. — Robert Walker, of Kincardshire, 
Scotland, commenced breeding Aberdeen- 
.Angus cattle, continuing until his death in 
iSTt. 

1818. — New York Horticultural Society 
cstalilished; first organization of its kind 
in the United States. 

1818. — Mr. James Prentice, of Uexington, 
Ky., imported bulls of Shorthorn blood. 

1818. — ^Sale of Shorthorn cattle by Mr. 
Robert Colling, of Brampton. Sixty-one 
head averaged ,?()44.35. 

1818. — Steam engines on condensing prin- 
ciple erected at F.ast T^othian, Scotland, to 
propel thrashing machinery. One of these 
was doinig .eood work fifty-five years later. 

1818, September 15th. — Five great abat- 
loids in Paris, France, opened up, where all 
cattle, hogs and sheep for Parisians were 
slaughtered. These were the models of the 
world and had no rivals until in recent 
years American slaughter and packing 
houses have surpassed them. 

1818. — 'Porter's Spirit of the Times of 
December 26th, 1856, says: "The first time 
ever a horse trotted in public for a stake 
was in 181S. and that was a match against 
time for $1,000. It was a bet that no horse 
could trot a mile in three minutes. It was 



.accepted by Ma.ior Wm. .Tones, of Long 
Island, and Colonel Bond, of Maryland. The 
horse named at the post was Boston Blue, 
who won cleverly and gained great renown. 
Boston Blue was taken to England, where 
he trotted eight miles in L'S minutes 55 
secoiid.s. He w.as a rat-tailed, iron-gray 
gelding, IC hands high, and nothing is 
known of his pedigree. 




DUROC-JECRSEY BARROW — GRAND 
CHAMPION AT NATIONAL WESTERN 
SHOW. DENVER, COLO., 1911. Exhibited 
by the Agricultural College, Fort Collins, 
Colorado. 



1818. — A sea captain, Tames Jeffries, 
l)rought over a pair of white hog:s showing 
bluish stDots on skin, since known as Bed- 
ford hogs, from English county in which 
they ori.ginat'^^d. He placed them on his 
farm at West Chester, Pa. 

1819. — ^In this year Chevalier barley, best 
type for malting, was originated in .Sutfolk, 
England. 

1819. — First American patent for Improve- 
jirovoment in farm hoes wa-s registered by 
C. Bulkley, of Colc-hester, Conn. 

1819. — In April, John Stuart Skinner, of 
Maryland, established The American Farmer 
at Baltimore, the first agricultural journal 
in America. Tho.mas Jefferson and Andrew 
.lackson were patrons. 

1819. — The Bourbon rose was introduced 
into France by Jacques, head gardener of 
the Duke of Orleans, at Neuilly, who re- 
ceived it in 1S19 from Breon. Director of 
the Royal Gardens in the Isle of Bourbon. 

1819. — ^Part of the Hereford cattle herd of 
B. Tompkins, Jr., sold at auction after his 
death. Av'erage for twenty-eight cattle, 
5745 per head; top-price bull, $2,940; 
iiighest-priced cow, $1,365. 

1830. — Charles Mitchell, a London-born 
I-;ng)ishman arriving from Scotland, entered 
the employment of Win. Underwood & Com- 
pany, formed for the purpose of engaging 
in the business of canning food. 

1830. — ^In this year, Colebrook. in Litchfield 
':'ounty, Massachusetts, returned the largest 
manufacture of scythes of any town in the 
United States. 

1820. — ^Appearance of the midge in Ver- 
mont, the first insect known to ravage tho 
wlicat crop. 

1830. — At this time the firm of F. F 
Farwell & Co.. of West Fitsburg, Mass., was 
making a good reputation as manufacturers 
of scythes, which industry was kept up 
many years. 

1820. — ^In the Sydney, Australia, Gazette 
of this year it was reported that in England 
badly-bred Australian wools sold at 40 to 44 
cents a pound; light and fairly-bred at 42 
to 46 cents; fine heavy wools at 4S cents; 
the best light wools at 86 to 90 cents a 
pound. 

1830. — Richard W. Meade. Minister to 
Spain, imported Mei'ino sheep from Spain 
;i t Philadelphia; principal foundation stoclc 
of Delaine Merinos. 

1820. — ^"Young Clydesdale," stallion gained 
highest premiums at Scotch Agricultur.al 
Shows. Sold at five years old for $600 at 
zenith of popularity. 

1830. — Alfalfa clover was tried this year 

in New York state. 



HISTORY OP^ AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



29 



1830. — Dr. AVarinpr made a g-ood edible oil 
from cotton set'd at Columbia, S. C. 

tSiO. — In this year the price of scythes 

laiii^ed from if 12 to $1.S per dozen. 

1830. — Colonel .Tames Ridley, of David.son 
lountv. Tennf!=.see. earliest pioneer .iack 
breeder of that state, bought the Jack Com- 
I'romise in Virj-rinia. 

1830.--The eensiis of this year enumerated 
a population of 9 637,999, including 2,070,- 
1.46 persons enga.^ed in ag^riculture. 




Sucfi-'^tul m^ipp flowing 



1820. — The United States Department of 
Agriculture credits Mr. John Adlum with 
making the Hrst really successful effort at 
jrrape prrowing: on the Atlantic Coast. In 
this year he planted a vineyard near Geor.ee- 
town, D. C, consisting of native vines. His 
introduction of the Catawba variety into 
yeneral cultivation was the beginning of a 
new era in grape history. 

1820. — A stallion, "Young Rattler," noted 
for st>lish, high-headed appearance and 
proud-stepping action. Ancestor of French 
coach horses. 

1820. — Steam in closed circuits introduced 
III greenhou.sos, followed by hot-water 
heating. 

1820. — Closing out of the Shorthorn herd 
of Mr. Roliert Colling, of Brampton. 

1820. — The .srreat Arabian stallion, Galli- 
rolis," imported into France. Great orig- 
inal sire of the Percheron breed. 

1820. — Lord Barrington, great early im- 
1 rover of Berkshire swine, commenced selec- 
tion and breeding. 

1821.— A. B. and F. A. Stevens, of Ho- 
hoken, N. J., obtained patents for improve- 
^iiients in cast-iron plows, designed to make 
them easier ot draught. 

1821. — In this year William M. Muldrow, 
a f.amous adventurer, started a drove of 
milch cows from Palmyra, Mo., to I^ord 
Selkirk's Colony at Manitoba, Canada. The 
route was a trackless territory infested 
by Indians, but a remnant of the party with 
a" few cows fina.lly arrived at their destina- 
tion. 

1821. — Philip Dauncey. of England, father 
of English Jersey cattle breeders, bought a 
cow which he called •'Pug." She gave fls. 
Muarts of milk per day, from which he 
made IIV? potinds of butter a week. 

1821. — Lucerne or alfalfa clover mentioned 
by a writer in South Cariolina as a most 
valuable soiling crop. 

1821. — ^In this year Thomas Massey, of 
Delaware, advocated soilln;; for the dairy, 
recommending corn as being of great value 
for the purpose. 

1821. — Keene's Seedling, a variet.v of straw- 
berr>% raised by Keene. of Isleworth (near 
London), the celebrated English strawberry 
grov/er. 

1821. — -In The American Farmer of this 
year Caleb Kirk described a mill for clean- 
ing: clover seed. 

1821. — First steam-driven mill for crush- 
ing sugar cane erected in Louisiana. 



1821. — ^Wm. Berry, of Washington county, 
Pennsylvania, purchased a ram and ewes 
from W. R. Dickinson's flock and established 
the Black Top .Spanish Merino sheep. 

1822. — ^In January of this year, in the 
Island of Tasmania, the first aBri«'ultural 
society of the new Southern world was 
organized. Its professed ob.iects were the 
protection of flocks and herds from the 
depredations of thieves and irresponsible 
nomads, and for the encouragement of better 
moral habits among the population. 

1822. — According to Ma.ior Henry E. AI- 
>ord, authority on dairy cattle, the first 
.\yrshires in .Xmerica were brought to Ncv 
York in this year. 

1822. — The Easton (Mas-.) Spade and 
Shovel Manufactory commenced by Oliver 
\mes wa? making 2,500 dozen shovels 
annually. 

1822. — July nth of this year records the 
hnportation into America of the thorough- 
bred stallion Bellfoundpr, bred in the dis- 
trict of Norfolk, Kngland. and bought by 
James Bioot. of Boston, and imported by 
liiiTi. Bellfounder was a bright, beautiful 
bay, with black legs, fifteen hands high. He 
■.vas said at the time to be the fastest and 
best bred horse sent out of England. At 
five years old he trotted two miles in six 
minutes and later trotted nine miles in 
tbirty-rwo minutes, with twenty-two seconds 
to spare. 

1822. — Thomas Green Fessenden founded 
the New Engrland Fanner at Boston, Mass.. 
and edited it until his death in 1837. This 
publication is now discontinued. 

1822. — ^I'eter Henderson, market gardener. 
.'seed grower and horticultural author, born 
in this year near Edinburgh, Scotland. 

1822. — The Seven Sisters' Kose introduced 
into England from Japan by Thunberg. 

1822. — In his American Orchardist, the 
editor. James Thatcher, gave valuable 
directions for the selection of seed in at- 
tempting to produce improved fruits and 
\ cgetables. 

1822. July Tith. — At Sydney. Australia, was 
held the preliminary meeting organizing the 
(irst Australian Agricultural Society. Presi- 
dent. Hon. Baron Field ; Patron, Sir Thomas 
Brisbane; Vue-Presidents. Rev. Samuel 
Marsden. Wm. Cox, Robert Townson and 
Hannibal Macarthur; Secretaries. Alexander 
Berry and George Thoinas Palmer. 

1822. — First Shorthorn Herd Book pub- 
lished in England. It was brought out by 
Mr. George Coates in his old age and con- 
tinued by his son. 

1822. — Nicholas Longworth, of Cincinnati. 
Ohio, recei^•ed cuttings of the Catawba 
;;rape from Ma.iov Adlum. and thereupon 
established a vineyard. His grape growing 
i'.nd wine making were eminently successful 
I or many years*. 

1822. — First Shorthorn Herd Book pub- 
lislied in England. 




DUROC-JERSEY SOW — HATTIE SECK. 
as a yearling, weighing 500 pounds. Won 
sweepstakes at the St. Louis Fair. Exhib- 
ited by N. B. Cutler, of Carthage, 111. 

1822. — Henry Keisey. of Florida. Montgom- 
ery, county. New York, iinported a pair of 
red hogs from England. 'These hogs were 
afterwards called Durocs, named for a 
famous horse he owned. 



30 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1823. — -At one of the quarterly meetings 
the Australian Agricultural Society paid for 
and destroyed 3S7 native dog tails, it being a 
fair presumption that previously the dogs 
had been destroyed. 

18:23, January 1st. — Students first received 
at Gardiner I^yceum, an institution for In- 
struction of Jiiechanirs and fanners. Re^-. 
I?enjaiiiin Hale, first Pre.sident. The insti- 
tution ',vas named in honor of Robert Hiallo- 
well Gardiner, who obtained the grant of 
SI. 000 per year to put the first agricultural 
(■olleg"e on its feet. Tliey had twenty regu- 
lar students the first year, besides othens 
who attended the short course in winter. 

1823. — At a dinner given by the Australian 
Agricultural .Society the gardens of Dr. 
Townson and Mr. Piper furnished eighteen 
kinds of fresh finiit and four kinds of dried 
fruit. The banana, the Orlean plum, the 
real peach, the cat-he.id apple and a fine 
kind of inuskmelon were specially mentioned. 

1823, May "iSd. — Historic sectional contest 
in horse racing between the North and the 
•South. American Eclipse represented the 
.North, and Henry, or, as he was originally 
named Pir Henry, represented the South. 
Eclipse won two four-mile heats out of 
three. Time, 7:37'/^, 7:4!) .and 8:24. Avera.§e 
heats, 7:.'37, or ] minute t>l seconds to the 
mile. 

1823. — Grant Tliorburn's (New York) seed 
.'•atalogrue at this time wa.s the only one 
.issued in oamphlet form 



1823. — Jierkshire swine introduced Into 
the United States by John Brentnall, an 
English farmer living in New Jersey. 





HULOT — PERCHERON STAT^LION. Cham- 
pion any age or breed at the Fort Worth 
Breeders' and Feeders' Show, 1912. Exhib- 
ited by J. Crouch & Son, Lafayette, Ind. 

18i3. — Jean-Ije-Blanc, a remarkable Per- 
••lieron stallion, foaled in this year. To this 
sire a great portion of the finest, lar.go 
Percheron horses trace their <'rigin. He is 
considered as the great Improving agent of 
his race. He died at thirty-two years of 
.■i.ue, the property of M. Miard, of Villiers. 
Department of Orne. He was a Percheron 
of the purest blood, strengthened by infu- 
sion of the Arab. 

1823. — Pfenry F.ckford, famous as improver 
of plants, born in Scotland. "Our gardens 
owe much of their sweetness and beauty to 
him, and liis work has brought a blessing 
to many an humble flower lover who never 
heard his name." 

1823. — ^Abdallah, son of Mambrino, and 
sire of Hambletonian, a horse of very re- 
mark.able and positive character, was foaled 
in this vear on Long Poland, New York, and 
bred by John Treadwell. Abdallah lived 
until 1.S54. 

1823. — .Tames McDowell, improver of Dick- 
inson iMerinos, commenced herding sheep in 
.Stark county, Ohio, ending as breeder in 
TLSS7. 

1823. — Hon. Chas. Rich, of Shoreham, Vt., 
established a floclj of Si>anish Merino sheep. 



BERK.SIIIRE BOAR — CARLOS VK'TOR. 
2d. A three-year-old. v.'oighing 700 pounds. 
Took first prize at several State Fairs and 
at St. Louis. Exhibited by Etzler & Moses, 
of Convoy, Ohio. 

1824. — By act of Parliament, the I^nglish 
acre was required to contain 4,840 square 
yards. 

1824. — Thomas Berwick.an English animal 
frtist, saitl of the zebra: "Such is the beauty 
of this creature that it seems by nature 
fitted to satisfy the pride and formed for 
the service of man, and it Is most probable 
that time and assiduity alone are wanting 
10 bring it under subjection." 

1S24. — T)ie Merino buck Bolivar, owned by 
\Vm. R. Dickinson, of Steubenville, Ohio, 
won first premium in wool sheep classes at 
Washington, D. C. 

i824. — The Acadians in Louisiana intro- 
(Ku "d a new method by v/hich tobat^co was 
I't.cd under intense pressure in its own 

,ill('0 

I8',^,li.--Mr. John J. Coiron introduced new 
-ei-d phints of sugar can© from Georgia, but 
onginiUy from the island of Eustatius. 

IK2.'». —First tobacco warehouse established 
n Connecticut at Warehouse Point. 

182.5. — .John Quincy Adam.s, President of 
the I'nited St.itcs, and served four years. 

1825. — Floriculture, orignated in Phila- 
adelphia, commenced to be of importance 
about this time. 

182.5, March I'lih. — The following adver- 
tisement appeared in the Indianapolis 
.Journal: ''Seed oats and potatoes. The sub- 
^cribar has for sale at his residence on 
Circle street, Indianapolis, a quantity of 
seed oats, largely Early Blue, White Marino 
and red potatoes." The advertisement was 
signed by Isaac Coe. 

182.5. — .Tames Moores. of Steubenville, Ohio, 
sold the wool clip from one hundred sheep 
at one do!lar per pound. 

1825. — Ayrshire cattle mentioned by agri- 
cultural writer Alton. 

1825. — At a meeting of the Australian 
Agricultural Society Mary Kelly received an 
award of twenty Spanish dollars for an ex- 
hibit of silk, and at the same meeting a 
threshing machine made by John Blaxland 
was exhibited. 

182.5. — In th's year a large ox was men- 
tioned in the newspapers: "A fat ox in- 
tended for the New York market was reared 
at .Shaftesbury. Vt., and was exhibited at 
Troy, N. Y., March 28. It was seven years 
old and of the real American breed and 
said to weigh 2,772 pounds." 

1825. — Colonel W. S. Hamilton, son of 
Alexander Hamilton, made a contract to 
."upply beef to the garrison of Fort Howard 
at Chicago, 111., and for this purpose bought 
and st.arted a drove of cattle from Spring- 
field. Hi. This was the first shipment of 
Illinois cattli' to Chicago. Previously the 
garrison had been supplied from Cleveland 
and Bui'falo. The cattle referred to cost $10 
per head, and a young man named John 
JIamlin accorr.panied them as drover. 

1825. — In this year Ijucien B. Maxwell, an 
.Vmerican, Avho traveled to the Cimarron 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



31 



river, was married to a tlauighter of Charles 
Beaublen, a pioneer Prenciinian, inheriting 
an iimmense tract of land since known as 
the "Maxwfll Grant." In his later days Mr. 
Maxwell owned 10,000 horses. 10,00 cattle 
and 40,000 sheep. He employed tiCiO men, 
and was the first American raneliman of 
prominence in that section of the South- 
west. 

1825. — The Oaily Advertiser in September 
of this year said : "The Saxon sheep Im- 
ported by G. & T. Searle were sold .at 
Brighton, near Boston. The liiRhest price 
f'iven fcr a single one was $4!>0, and another 
was sold for y.'?!;,^, and the average price, 
includingr l.ambs, was $160 per head. The 
purchasers were nearly all g-entlemen ex- 
perienced in raising sheep. 

1825, August l.st. — The following adver- 
tiseiTient apj'eared in the Indianapolis 
.Journal: "Henderson & Blake will give six 
cents a pound in specie for all the fresh- 
dug: <»insens that is delivered to them. The 
Oinseng must not be washed but lie free 
from curl.« and cut roots." 

1825. — In this year a party started from 
Franklin, Mo., to New Me\i<'o. They were 
eighty strong and had with them 200 horses 
and mules. They reached Santa Fe, 931 
7nile.'- froh the i>lace of stMrting. in duo 
time. In record of thi.s expedition it is said 
that after reahing New Mexico the first 
civilized habitation met with was owned by 
Juan Peno, who. in addition to owning 
cattle and horses, has flocks amounting to 
l.SO.OOO sheep. 

1825, October. — A fat hog news item ap- 
pearing this year gives some Idea of swine 
raising at the time. "A hog is feeding in 
Porks township. Northampton county, Penn- 
sylvania, that weighs more than 800 pounds; 
is eight feet nine inches long and seven feet 
in circumference. He is rapidly increasing 
'n bulk and expected to weigh above 1,000 
pounds .at Christmas." 

1826. — In this year this horticultural item 
appeared and read as follows: "It ha.T 
been ascertained by experiment that linseed 
oil being washed over trees previously to 
their budding out will render them iinper- 
vioue to frost.". 

1826. — Rev. Patrick Bell, of Scotland, pro- 
duced a mowing machine, having, in addi- 
tion to previous inventions, a revolving apron 
or endless web for gathering. This is the 
oldest machine which came into general use. 
McCormick's cutting apparatus adopted in 
18.51 gave it renewed life. 

1826. — In this year Hon. Wm. Jarvis, of 
Weathersfield, Vt., said tliat he began to 
cross his iniported flock of Spanish Merinos 
Avith .Saxony sheep. At th.at time his aver- 
age fleece was three pounds fourteen ounces 
lo four pounds three ounces. His buck 
fleeces ranged from Ave and one-quarter to 
six and one-half pounds. 

1826. — According to a letter written by 
Hon. Wm. Jarvi.s, a great importer of sheep, 
foot rot w.is Drought into this country with 
ihe sheep imported from Saxony in this 
year. He also said: "Foot rot was totally 
unknown .among Spanish Merinos." 

1826. — The Indiana Journal, published at 
Indianapolis. contained advertisement of 
.lohn Francis Dufour. Postmaster at Vevay. 
Indiana. He proposed to publish .a weekly 
agricultural journal under the title of the 
Western Fanner. The announced subscrip- 
tion price was .$".00 a year. 

1826. — A horse named Trouble trotted a 
mile in 2 :43. 

1826.--"Tjeaming:," a deep yellow corn, 
originated with Tdr. J. .S. I..eaming, of Wil- 
mington. Ohio. This is the earliest of eight 
varieties of corn recognized by the Illinois 
Seed Corn Breeders' Association. 

1826. — First mill established for the ex- 
traction of oil from cotton seed at Colum- 
bu.s, S. C. 

1826. — First official cotton quotation record. 
Middlinsr upland cotton. New York market, 
highest price of the year, 14 cents; lowest, 
9 cents per pound. 

1826. — Maryland Agricultural Society of- 
fered a special premium to owner of lamb 
iihearing the greatest quantity of picklock 
wool; won by W. R. Dickinson, of Steuben- 
ville, Ohio. 



1826. — Agricultural school founded as pri- 
vate institution at Crignon. near Paris. The 
oldest agricultural institution in France. 

1826. — The lirst drove of hogs on record as 
being received at Chifago were driven from 
the Wabash ri\er during the winter of 
1S2G-7. They were brought in by Gurdan S. 
Hubbard, who sold them to the soldiers at 
Fort Howard and the citizens surrounding 
the fort. 

1827. — Mr. Parsons Gorham, of Cincinnati, 
.-old seeds and was one of the early Western 
merchants carrying a supply of seeds. 

18^7. — First slaugliter liouse in Chicago 
tiuilt of logs by .\r(hib.aUl Clybourne. The 
lirst drove of hogs v/as received at Chicago 
this year. 

1827, October 3d. — "Rattler," (pedigree un- 
known', placed the trotting record for two 
iiiiles at r>:"i. 

1827. — ^In this year, in lOiigland.a Mr.f'la.-k 
of Canwick. exhibited two wether I^incoln 
sheep in the Lincoln m.arket. The lleecea 
had yielded twelve pounds each. When 
slau.H-htered. the carcass of the larger one 
weighed 21)1 pounds; each of the foie quar- 
ters weighed 73 pounds, and the hind quar- 
ters 57 V2 pounds. On the top of the rib the 
solid fat measured nine inches in thickness. 
1827. — The earliest recorded apple tree 
planting in Kansas was in this year by Rev- 
erend Thoinas Johnson, near Shawneetown, 
Johnson countv. 

1827. — The Idea of conilensing milk to 
make it keep better occurred this year to a 
French chemist named Appert. Seven years 
later the method of evaporating the milk in 
rarefied air to prevent it from re.aching the 
boiling point was first used. 

1827. — In this year Archibald Clybourne 
opened a butcher shop in Chicago, and 
during the winter of 1833 estaldished a 
slaughter iiouse on North Branch, south of 
BloOTningdale Road. This is the beginning 
of Chicago's manufacturing and packing 
interests. 

1827. — Statement by Grant Thorburn: "Be- 
sides good seeds good gardeners are neces- 
sary in making a garden flourish.'" 

1827. — As marking the aevelopment of the 
Western country it is recorded that in this 
year a permanent settlement was inade by 
white men on the west bank of the Missouri 
river. It was first protected by a military 
cantonment afterwards called Fort Leaven- 
worth, in honor of Colonel Henry H. 
worth, the conimander of the troops. 

1827. — The South Carolina Railroad Com- 
pany organized and operated by horses. 

1828. — "A Treatise on Horticulture," the 
first comprehensive book on the subject in 
the United States; written by William 
Prince, of I>ong Island. 

1828. — Nicholas Txingworth, of Cincinnati, 
by introducing native vines or their seed- 
lings, produced from Catawba and Isabella 
grapes wnrie of a high marketable value. 

]R38. — A Mr. Corbett attempted to raise 
Indian (American corn) in England. He 
;iublished a book, entitled "A Treatise on 
Corbett's Corn." 

182g. — Ac East Hartford. Conn.. Timothy 
Deming first undertook the manufacture of 
horse collars. He invented the short straw 
collars and the blocks on which to make 
them.. 

jgog, — \xt old marltet report. From the 
Indianapolis .lournal. July 3d: "Market at 
this place — ^Flour. $2.50 per 100 pounds; corn 
meal. 50 cents per bushel: bacon. S cents 
per wound and much in demand. A scarcity 
of the latter article may be attributed to 
the number of hog« which were driven from 
this section of the country during the last 
fall to a foreign market." The foreign 
market in all probability was Cincinnati. 

1828. August :id. — Birth of Andrew S. 
Fuller, farmer, mechanic, horticultural writer 
and improver of flowers and fniits. He died 
in 1896. His "Small Fruit Culturlst" is pub- 
lished in several language-si 

t828. — A treatise on the rearing of silk 
worms bv Pr. De Hazzi, of Munich, was 
iranslated from the German by Mr. James 
Mease, of Washington, !:>. C, by order of 
ihe United States Congre.ss. 



32 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1828. — The following item appeared in the 
newspapers in November of this year: "We 
are informed that Mr. Israel Cole, of the 
town of Berkshire, Mass., has inade this 
season 16,000 pounds of cheese from the 
milk of only twenty-eight cows, being- on an 
aver.-ige or' 571 pounds to each cow. His 
cheese is of the best quality and fetches 
with his established customers in New York 
one or .two cents per pound more than that 
of ordinary dairies. The average price of 
cheese at this time was 12 V2 cents per 
pound. 

1828. — A Mr. Riley and Mr. Richard Jones 
ivere awarded medals by the Australian 
I New South W.ales) Agricultural Society for 
introducing Sa.xony Kheep into Australia. 

1829. — Ar. act of Parliament passed in 
Kngland regulating the package, weight and 
sale of butter. 

1828. — In this year Peter Hayden, of Oum- 
mington. Mass.. commenced the manufacture 
nf harness and s.iddler.v at Auburn, N. Y , 
this being the foundation of the largest 
American saddlery house. So great was his 
success that for the time being the importa- 
tion of foreign saddlery ceased almost en 
urel.v through his efforts. 

1829. — Toi)g;illant, a son of Coriander, darn 
i)y Bisho].'.« J-Iainbletonian, established tlii- 
three-mile trotting record of S:ll. 

1829. — Andrew Jackson, President of th'- 
United States, and served eight years. 

1829. — Tlie soy bean first grown in 
America in the botanic garden at Camtorid.ge, 
Mass. 

1829, September 7th. — The first pacer men- 
tioned in the history of the light harness 
turf. Bowery Boy (pedigree unknown), 
established the two-mile pacing record at 
.'1:0412. 

1829. — First locomotive engine tried on 
'Vmei'ican continent to run on rails imi)orted 
by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- 
pany. Tt weighed seven tons and was con- 
sidered too heavy. The engine was known 
as the Stourbridge Lion. 

1829, September, — The first number of 
the American Turf Register and Sporting 
Magazine was issued in New York, witn 
.lohn S. Skinner as editor. Ten years later 
this paper was absorbed by The Spirit of 
the Times. 

1829. — In ths year the first poultry incu- 
bator constructed was exhibited in London. 
Lngland. It was a hot-water incubator, and 
was not at all satisfactory. 

1829. — Tlie tomato first sold on the market 
in Philadelphia. 

1829. — The Jonathan apple originated in 
New Y'ork about this year. 

1829- — ^Straw and grass first utilized in the 
United .Sitates for the manufacture of paper 
by G. A. Schyrock, of Philadelphia. 

1829, November 26th. — Great inundation of 
the Nile, in Egypt, begins. About 30,000 
people perish Ijy the overflow. 

1830. — First practical locomotive engine 
for every-day work built at West Point 
Foundry, New York, for the South Carolina 
Railroad. 

1830. — In the early part of this year the 
B. & O. Railway was finished from Balti- 
more to EUicott Mills, a distance of thirteen 
miles. It was operated by horses. 

1830, — ^Prince, in his "Treatise on the 
A'ine," published this year, described eighty- 
one native grapes of America. Two or three 
thousand varieties have been disseminated 
since, which are the offspring of our native 
species. 

1830. — Oxford Down slieep originated by a 
'jross of Cotswolds, Hampshires and prob- 
ably Southdowns. 

1830. — Jersey cattle first imported into the 
United States from the Channel islands. 

1830. — The vacuum pan erected in sugar 
.aouso by Mr. Thomas Morgan in Louisiana, 
the pioneer of these appliances. 

1830. — Major Knox, of Danville, Ky., great 
breeder and prize winner, commenced breed- 
ing jacks and jennets. 

1830. — W'm. Ensign, of Wilbur's Basin, 
Saratoga county, N. Y.. commenced breeding 
red hogs. 



1830. — Light one-horse wagons first ap- 
peared in Connecticut. 

1830. — Wm. McCtombie, of Tillifour, Scot- 
land, founded a herd of Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 

1830, June. — In the American Turf Reg- 
ister and Sporting Magazine a contributor 
suggests that trotting matclies at regular 
periods would be as useful as the running 
races by thoroughbreds. 

1830. — .Jonathan Curran, of Murfreesboro. 
Tenn.. started breeding jacks and jennets. 

1830. — .Tohnson grass introduced into this 
country fr-.^m Turkey. 

1830. — fTapan clover first coming into 
notice in this country. It was an accidental 
introduction from Japan. 




CHESTER WlllTl-; liDAR — EXPORT, as 
n two-year-old, weighing 700 pounds; was 
sweepstakes winner at the St. Louis Fair. 
Exhibited by J. W. Dorsey & Sons, of Perry, 
111. The St Louis Fair referred to is the 
Great St. Louis Fair, first opened in 1856. 

1830. — First appearance of the Chester 
White hog in Ohio. Keeland and Isaac Todd 
brought a pair with them from East Haven, 
Conn., to the vicinity of Wakeman. Three 
years later Joseph Haskins also brought a 
pair from Massachusetts. 

1830. — In this year, in his "Treatise on the 
Vine." Mr. W. H. Prince enumerates eighty- 
eight varieties of American grapes. 

1831, .January 1st. — The Genesee Farmer 
founded by Mr. Luther Tucker at Rochester, 
N. Y., and was the forerunner of The Coun- 
try Gentleman, the oldest agricultural peri- 
odical in the world, having Ijeen published 
continuously and without interruption. 

1831. — In this year superior steel hoes 
made at Pittsburgh were sold at $4.50 per 
dozen. Iron and steel were low in price at 
that time. 

1831. — The steel spring (prong) pitchfork 
introduced and patented in the United 
Slates in this year by Charles Goodyear, of 
T'hiladf.lphia. 

1831. — Ben.iamin Warfield, of Lexington, 
Ky., purchased the first pure-bred Shorthorn 
cow owned by him. Foundation of Grasmere 
shorthorns. 

1831. — Prince, the ■ naturajist, gave the 
lirst native raspberry to come into cultiva- 
tion its proper name — Common Red. It had 
been called English Red. 

1831. — Redfield, investigator of weather 
conditions, published his first essay, describ- 
ing action of storms and hurricanes. 

1831.— Silk Culture Manual published by 
J. H. Coibb distributed by Coinmonwealth of 
Boston and the United States Senate. 

1831. — S. C. Parkhurst opened a seed store 
in I'incinnati, Ohio, and did a large trade In 
grass and clover seeds. 

1831. — ^In this year The American Farmer 
described a. machine invented by Thomas D. 
Burrall. of Geneva, N. Y., for the purpose 
of cleaning clover seed. 

1831, December 10. — The Spirit of the 
Times, great sporting paper, started as a 
weekly, with Wm. T. Porter as editor, In 
New York City. The last issue of this paper 
was in December. 1902, when it was consoli- 
dated with the Chicago Hor.seman. 

1831. — Youatt, eminent writer on live stock 
subjects, mentions Normandy, in France, as 
noted for its horses. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



33 



1833. — Alexander Riley, of New South 
Wales, imporled thli'teen pure-bred Anj^ora 
{(oats from Prance, receiving them at the 
port of Sydney. On account of death in the 
fanii'ly, these goats were afterwards dis- 
jjersed. They were the first New South 
Wales Angoras. 

1832.— Messrs. Heatheoate & Parker, of 
I'^ngland, employed traction Kteain eiigincN 
In clearing- a larse tract of marshy ground 
lying between Manchester and Ijiverpooi, 
which liad been considered unreelaimable 
by any other means at hand. 

1832. — f.ate in this year Charles Cist, of 
Cinciniiati. instituted the first delinite state- 
ment of pork i>apkingr in tlie West. 

1833. — Ohio Importing Company organized 
l.y Allen Trimble. Duncan Mc.Xrthur, Felix 
Kenick and other.s to import cattle, princi- 
pally Shon horns. 

1832. — The first lot of cattle was packed 
and barreled in Chicago by Geo. W. Dole 
for Oliver Newberry, of Detroit, Mich., tlie 
number being 1j50 head. They were driven 
Ironi Wabash and cost $2.75 per 100 pounds 
for the net beef, the hides, tallow, etc., 
lieing tlirown in by the seller. The cattle 
were slaughtered at what is now the corner 
cf Madison street and Michigan avenue, 
then the liigh prairie. In Decemiber of the 
same year Mr. Dole also bought and slaugh- 
tered tlie first hogs ever packed in the West, 
tliere being 338 head, average unknown, but 
cost three cents per pound on foot. The 
150 head of cattle referred to in tiiis item 
were purchased of Mr. Charles Reed, of 
Hickory Creelv, 111. It must be remembered 
that it was salt-beef packing, largely for the 
supply of sea-going vessels. This salt-beef 
packing indu.str.v \vas displaced to a large 
extent later by dressed-beef transported in 
refrigerator cars, although salt-beef packing 
is not a lost art, liy any means. 

1832. — A pair of Jersey red pigs imported 
from Spain to Salem, N. J. 

1832. — Mr. Thomas Hogg devised a system 
representing important principles of hot- 
water heating' for greenhouses. 

1832. — Kendrick, in the "New American 
Orchardist," suggested the blackberry as 
iieing worthy of cultivation. 

1833. — Mr. Jonas Webb, of Suffolk. Eng- 
land, recorded as successor of John Ellman 
In Iminovement of .Southdown sheep. 

18.J2. — ^Mr. Hawes, of Kngland, imported 
Berkshire swine at Albany, N. T. 

1832. — In tliis year Mr. David Bradley, 
famous as manufacturer of agricultural Im- 
plements, commenced worlc in plow niakint; 
at Syracuse, N. Y. Three years later he 
removed to Chicago to help erect the first 
foundry there and was the first man to 
bring pig iron into that city. The estab- 
lishment soon began the manufacture of 
plows. He worked at the bench wooding 
"Garden City Clipper" plows, whose name 
and faine have ))ecome world-wide. 
T>eaving the employment of others, he soon 
had a plovv shop of his own, and for fifty 
years saw it growing to larger and larger 
proportion.'!, riglit in tlie heart of Chicago, 
until it became one of the largest manufact- 
uring establishments of agricultural imple- 
ments and compelled him to get larger 
ground space, which he finally did in the 
town wliich saw fit to honor his coming by 
taking upon itself his name. Mr. Bradley 
died at the age of S7 years, the oldest plow 
maker in the United States. 

1833. — Product of wheat on Island of 
Jersey. Five-years' average ending this year 
was forty bushels per acre. 

1833. — In tliis year a royal decree In 
Fi-ance established the Government Stud 
Book, wliicli had considerable influence in 
the improvement of French horses. 

1833. — The >Iaine Farmer established at 
.VugLista, Me. 

1833. — Isaac Hoskins moved from New 
Bedford, Mass., to Wakeman, Ohio, carrying 
with him white hogs that helped to estab- 
lish the Todd Improved Chester Whites. 

1833, November 19tli. — ^A patent for a 
metliod of cultivating or working land by 
steam power was first issued in tlie United 
States to Ei C. Bellinger, of South Carolina, 
but the invention never went into gener.al 
use. , '.,(:,! .»!_■' 



1833. — In this year, In the Ne.w American 
Orchardist. AVilliam Kenrick mentions 
twenty-three varieties of figs. 

1833. — Daniel Pratt, a native of New 
Hampshire, commenced the manufacture of 
cotton gins in Autauga county, Alabama. 

1833. — Antoine LeClaire established an 
(u-chard at Davenport, in Scott county, Iowa. 
This orchard contained about 400 trees, 
which were brought l)y boat from Cincin- 
nati. Ohio, and was the second orchard 
started in that state. 

1833. — ^In this year four tons of silk co- 
coons were produced in Windham county. 
Connecticut. The interest in silk culture 
had been ad\anced by ijoom methods until 
it partook of the nature of a craze instead 
of a legitimaco industry. 

1833. — Charles Mason Hovey began a series 
cf experiments ,and fin.ally produced Hovey's 
.•Needling strawberry, which became the lead- 
ing berry for thirty years and actually 
caused strawberry culture to became a pop- 
ular and profitable industry. It was the 
first strawberry suited to climate and condi- 
tions of America. It is now extinct. 

1833. — William Smith was born in this 
year. He invented the stump puller in 1861. 
He died in 191(1 at LaCrescent, Minn. 

1833. — ^Boston, the phenomenon, a thor- 
oughbred horse, foaled in this year. He 
uas lired by Judge John Wickham, of Tuck- 
ahoe, Virginia. He was "a horse with a 
backbone like a fence rail and a stifle like 
a Duriiam bull." He ran a mile in the first 
heat of a longer race in 1:46, which was 
three-fourths of a second faster than the 
record at tliat time. At the lieight of hl.s 
career his owner advcrtise<l to match 
Boston against any two horses in the world, 
to run four-mile heats for no less a sum 
than $•15,000, taking one horse in one heat 
and the other in the ne.xt. Tlie challenge 
stood in the advertising- columns of the 
.Spir't of the Times without takers. 

1833. — Rice successfull.v threshed out ia 
the Sontliern States by animal and steam 
power. 

1833. — ^Sylvester Marsh arrived from the 
Uast in Chicago, and after working in tlie 
new town three years projected a packing 
house on Kinzie street, near Rush street. 
I'hey packed 6,000 hogs in 1.S36. He used 
to go LjO miles to the Wabash river driving 
cattle, hogs and sheep and whatever he 
could pick up on the way. The canal be- 
came his best source of supply before rail- 
roads ivei-e running into Chicago. 

1833, December. — Obed Hussey, of Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, received a patent for a reaping 
machine which obtained favorable recogni- 
tion in several states. Five years later a 
manufactoi-y was established at Baltimore. 

1834, October. — -V steam plow was tested 
by the inventor. Major A. Tyrrell, in Genesee 
county. New York. 

1834.- -The Ko.val Jersey Agricultural 
Society lield its fir.^^t meeting on January 
1Sth. This society played a very Important 
part in the early development of Jersey 
cattle and continued to do so. 

1834.-— First breeding of Berkshire swine 
on farm of Richard Gentry, in Pettis county, 
Missouri. He was uncle and stepfather of 
N. H. Gentry, the famous improver of Berk- 
shires. 

1834.— Old CVrannie, calved on the farm of 
Hugh Watson, of Keillor, Scotland. First 
cow recorded in Aberdeen-.4ngus Herd Book. 
This famous cow lived to be tliirty-flva 
years of age. 

1834. — Edwin Forerst, black gelding of 
unknown breeding, reduced the trotting 
record to 2:31 'A. 

1834. — A cotton-seed oil mill erected at 
Natchez, Miss. 

1834. — A "Howard" vacuum pan estab- 
lished in the sugar house of Mr. Valcour 
Alme, planter, of St. James Parish, Louisiana. 

1834. — Shorthorn cow Princess sold by 
H. Clay, Jr., of Kentucky, for $2,000. 

1834, March. — The Cultivator, an earl.v 
agricultural paper, was founded by Jesse 
Buel under tlie auspices of the New Yorkl 
State Agricultural Society. Edited by Judge 
Biuel, -A'ho afterwards became proprietor. 



34 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1834. — ■V\!Tj. Fullerton, of Ardovle, Scot- 
l.ind. started a breeding herd of Aberdeen- 
Ang:us rattle. 

1884. — Tyler Stickney flock of Spanish 
Merino sheep esiahliMlied at Shoreham, Vt. 

1834. --T7Tiiportation of heifers Rose of 
Sharon and Young Mary, famous for Short- 
hoim excellenee. 

1834. — A vessel from f.eg-horn arrived in 
America, and a part of the carg-o was :i 
small shipment of fouls, which were at 
once named "Ijeghorns." They became pop- 
ular on account of their good laying and 
non-sitting qualities. 

1834. — First patent for his reaping; niaehino 
issued to Cyrus H. McCormick, of Rock- 
bridge -.'ouniy. Virginia. It was worked in 
ISIil. impioved many times, and "a great 
boon to this country and foreign lands." 




CYRUS HAI.T> Mccormick, inventor of 
the reaper. Born February, 1809; died 
October, 1865. Inventor of the first practical 
reaping machine. 



183.5. — T>ie Rloods'ood pear brought into 
notice by James Bloodgood, of Flushing, 
Long Island. • 

1833. — A. C. Moore and D. M. Magie, In 
Ohio, two of the originators, breeders and 
principal improvers of Poland-Cliina swine. 

1835. — Norton's Virginia grape — ^an off- 
spring of the wild summer grape of tho 
Southern and Middle States — found on Cedar 
Island, in the .lames river, near Richmond, 
Virgini.a. 

183.5. — Fifty miles were trotted in three 
hours and fifty-seven seconds by a horse of 
unknown pedigree called Black Joke. 

18.3.5. — Mr. Thomas Ferguson, of Kinoctry, 
Scotland, founded a herd of Aberdeen-Angus 
cattle. 

1835. — In Warren and Butler counties, 
Ohio, a local breed of swine known at this 
time as the Warren County Hog and the 
•'Big Spotted," were afterw.irds included 
as Poland-riiinas. 

1835. — James Smith, of Deanston, England, 
promulgated his system of thorougli drain- 
ing and deep plowing. 

18.35 — Captain James Knight, of Nash- 
ville, Tenn., bought a fine .jack in Virginia 
named ,fohn Bull, third descendant of 
Royal Crift. 

1835. — Tjord Western of England intro- 
duced Neapolitan swine from Italy to im- 
prove the Essex pigs. 

1835.--Baling presses known to be made 
in the state of Maine about this time. 



1835. — In England, Sir Robert Peel pre- 
sented a farmers' club with two Iron plows, 
Avent back afterwards to see the work done 
with them, and found the plows with 
wooden moldboards again at work. "Sir," 
said a member, "we tried the iron and be 
all of one mind that they made the weeds 
grow." 

1835. — A new variety of potato called 
Perkins' Seedling, was originated at this 
tiine by planting a seed ball a year or two 
before. 

1835. — In September of this year the first 
Agricultural Fair in Missouri was held at 
Columbia, Boone county. 

1835. — The Magazine of Horticulture 
established at Bo.'-'ton. Mass., by C. M.Hove.v. 

1835. — By this time extensive greenhouses 
had lieen erected in the vicinity of New 
York, Boston and Philadelphia. One estab. 
lishment at Long Island had houses aggre- 
gating 4 00 feet in length. 

1835. — ^It was announced in December of 
this year that a Mr. Bailey, of Hartford, 
Conn., had invented a cast iron grist mill, 
which had been tested by grinding wheat, 
rye and corn as well as most kinds of 
provender, corn in the ear, oil cake, etc., 
and its work was pronounced by experienced 
millers lo bo equal to that produced by the 
common millstones. One horse could grind 
ten bushels of rye or wheat per hour suffi- 
ciently fine for flour. The cost of a mill 
with the machinery for a horse to work 
it was mentioned at $250 to $300. 

1836.— Danirl Webster, the statesiman, 
invented a plow for \vork twelve and four- 
teen inches deeip, cutting a furrow twenty- 
four inches wide. It Is still in existence — 
twelve feet long, the beam twenty-eight 
inches from the ground, and the landside 
four feet long. It was designed for a field 
wnich was full of roots. 

1836. — .Tamos .Jackson, of Alabama, sent 
to England for the best thoroughbred there, 
and the horse importe*! was Glencoe. Ha 
was sire of Pocahontas, the great thorough- 
bred matron, dlencoe died at the age of 
26 years; owned by A. Keene Richards, of 
Kentucky. 

1836. — Tomatoes began to be cultivated 
in this country as food; had been raised 
principally for ornament under the name 
of "love apples." 

1836. — The Western Province Agricultural 
Society of South .Africa offered a silver cup, 
value fifty pounds sterling, to be awarded 
for the best 100 pounds of Merino wool, and 
had to be won three times in succession 
before becoming the property of an indi- 
.'idual cwner. Won in 1S46 by Reltz, Van 
Breda & Joubert. original importers of 
Merinos into that country. 

1836. — The Baltimore Belle and the 
Queen of the Prairies Roses named this 
year by a Baltimore florist. They came 
from the Michigan Rose. 

1836. — Erastus Corning, of Albany, N. T., 
imported Shorthorn cattle. 

1836.- -Joel Nourse <fe Co., of Worcester, 
Mass., comnienecd the manufacture of 
agricultural implements and made import- 
.ant imi)rovements on the cast-iron plow. 

1836.— On July 4th of this year the 
United States Patent Office was made a 
separate bureau, and Hon. Henry L. Ells- 
worth, of Connecticut, was Commissioner. 
He had been a practical farmer, and he 
considered it within the proper scope of 
his ofl^ce to help farmers by di-stributing 
seeds .and plants. 

1836. — Captain .lames Knight, General A. 
Wilson and General I. M. Knight, of Mar- 
i-hall county, Texas, bought the Kerituck.v 
.jack Maringo Mammoth. Sold at nine years 
old to L. W. Knight for $2,160. This jack 
won many premiums. 

1836. — Templemoyle Agricultural Seminary 
established in cotmty of Ijondonderry, Ire- 
land. 

1836. — ^Devon cattle imported by Mr 
Vernon, of New York state. 

1836, r)ctober 29th. — \t Felix Renick's 
farm. Ross county, Ohio, imported Short- 
horns sold at an average of $S03.25 for 
forty-nine head. Seven bulls and seven 
heifers each sold for upwards of $1,000 each. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



35 



1836. — Bay, a pacer of unknown pedigree, 
paced two miles under saddle in r>;04%. 

18.S6. — Charles Mason Hovey, an American 
horticulturist, called attention to tlie change 
in color produced in the flower calceolarius 
by the introduction of a different colored 
species. An evidence of distinct result.s in 
plant breedins;. 

1836. — ^Mr. H. Clay, Jr.. of Fayette county. 
Kentucky, began importinK SliorthornH. 

1836. — Kew Botaiiieal (Hardens in Ji^nKland 
founded by Sir W. Hooker. 

1836, November. — The French War Dr- 
portment, after three-years' experiment, 
could not determine whether or not Rlanders 
in horses was a contagious disease. 

1837. — Martin ^'an Buren, President of llii- 
United -States, and served four years. 

1837. — Ross' Phoeni.x strawberry raised h 
Alexander Ross, of Hudson, N, Y., frim 
Keene's Seedling. 

1837. October 24th. — Final sale of Oh 
Importing Company Shortliorns. Fiftet 
head averaged $1,071.65. 

1837. — Lewis F. Allen, in his "American 
Cattle," mentions appearance of a fine Gal- 
loway eow in Philadelpliia. 

1837. — I-egis!ation in North Carolina t 
prevent the driving of cattle from South 
Carolina or Georgia through that state on 
account of the cattle disease caused by 
them. 

1837. — Amos Cruickshank, of Sittyton, 
near Aberdeen, .Scotland, first began breed- 
injj Shorthons, foundation of what are now 
called Scotch or "Cruickshanks." 

1837. — Henry Clay. 2:35, famous trotting 
sire, foaled in this year; bred by Geo. M. 
Patchen, of New Jersey. This horse was 
afterwards sold for $1,050 (which was a 
dollar a pound). He made his record of 
2:35 in a flve-heat race which he won, 
having been driven ninety-eight miles the 
day before. 

1837. — Three steel plows made by hand 
this year by John Deere, said to be the first 
steel plows made. 

1837. — Henderson Tjewelling started a 
nurserj- near Salem. Henry county, Iowa, 
which was continued by his brotlier John 
until 1S50, when he closed out the stock 
and went to Oregon. 




SEELF.Y'S AMERICAN STAR. 

1837. — Seelej''s American Star, recorded 
as American Star, 14, foaled in this year, 
bred by Henry H. Berry, of Pompton 
Plains, N. J. He is noted as sire of specd- 
produelng brood mares. 

1838. — First ChieaKO grain elevator estab- 
lished this year and made the first shipment 
of wheat. 

1838. — Royal Agricultural Society of Eng- 
land established with 4fi6 members. 

1838. — ^First direct importation of Short- 
horn cattle from England to Indiana l)y Mr. 
Chris. Whitehead, of Franklin county. 

1838. — The metnod of imbedding glass in 
putty in construction of greenhouses known 
to be in use in England at this time. 

1838. — Shorthorn cattle first introduced 
into France. 



1838. — Glasnevin Training Farm estab- 
lished in Ireland by Commissioners of 
National Education. 

1838. — Berksliire hogs introduced into 
Canada. 

1838. — Outcli Belted cattle first imported 
into the I'nited States by D. H. Haight, of 
Goshen, N. Y. 




1>UTCH BEL,TKU CATTLE. — -Bred and 
owned by G.G.Gibbs, of Marksboro, N. J. 



1839. — In this year the horse Dutchman 
obtained .a mile trotting record in 2:32. 

1839.— In this year the first cargo of flav 
seed imported in America arrived from 
Russia. The United .States had already ex- 
ported as high as 292,460 bushels of flax 
seed in one year. 

18.39. — In the summer of this year R. H. 
Schomburgk. a German explorer, returned 
from P-ritish Guiana to London with col- 
lections of the magniflcent water lilies 
known as the Victoria Kegla and the 
Klizabetha Regia, and several new species 
of orchids — one of wliich has been named 
for him the Schomburgkia orchida. 

1839. — Dutcliman, by Tippoo Saib, Jr., and 
whose dam was by a son of Messenger, 
trotted three miles against time under 
saddle in 7:32'/;. 

1839. — Denmark, a thoroughbred horse, 
foaled in this year, is first foundation sire 
of the Kentucky saddle horse. He was by 
Imp. Hedgeford, out of Betsy Harrison. 

1839. — Edward Harris. of Moorestown, 
X. Y., earliest importer of high-class draft 
horses, imported two draft mares and the 
stallion "Diligence." They were Fren'jh 
horses. 

18.39. — Messrs. Bagg & Wait, of Orange, 
county. New York, made large importation.s 
of Berkshire swine fiom England. 

1839, March 3d. — During the closing hours 
of the Twenty-fifth Congress, Hon. Henry 
I>. Ells\\ortli. then Commissioner of Patents, 
secured an appropriation of $1,000 for "the 
collection of agricultural statistics, inves- 
tigating and promoting rural economy and 
the procurement of cuttings and seeds for 
gratuitous distribution amongsit farmers." 
'I'his is the origin of the United States 
Department of Agriculture. 

1839. — N. I^eonard, of Cooper county, Mis- 
souri, founded the Ravenswood herd of 
.Shorthorns, first pedigreed herd west of the 
Mississippi. 

1839. — Oxford Royal, the first English 
National Show. Thomas Bates' .Shorthorns 
won .great honors. 

1839. — Fayette County (Kentucky) Im- 
porting Company sold twenty-six Short- 
horns at an average of $627.35 per head. 

18.39.— The Boston Cultivator esitablished 
at Boston, Mass. 

1839, June. — Hereford cattle imported Into 
this country by W. H. Sotham. 

1839, October 3d. — The first mile below 
■i:30 w.as by Drover, who in this year paced 
at 2:28 at Beacon Course, N. J. 

1840. — -Dr. Perrine at Indian Key, Fla., 
introduced the Mango plant from the West 
Indies. 



36 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1840. — About this year Plymouth Rock 
fowls were originated near Woodstock, Vt., 
Messrs. G-iles, Clark, Thayer, Spaulding and 
Kev. H. S. Ramsdell being' the originators. 
Tiie Plymouth Rock was the result of a 
cross of American Dominicjue males with 
single comb black Java females. 

1840. — ^The group of carnations now most 
cultivated in .\merica, known as perpetual 
fiowerintf, tree or monthly ca.rnations, orig- 
inated in France about this year, as the 
result of crossing and selection. 

1840. — 'In this year the subsoil plow, 
adapted to teams up to six horses, w.as 
introduced from Scotland into the United 
States. 

1840. — First Cheviot slieep imported into 
the United States of America. 




CHAMPION CHEVIOT EWE at the 
Indiana and Illinois State Fairs of 190ti. 
Exhil)ited by J. Kiolin, of Brooklyn, Wis. 



1840. June 10th. — ^Furs — The St. Louis Bul- 
letin of the ruh said; "Two Mackinaw boats 
arrived here yesterday from Iowa, loaded 
with bulfalo robes." 

1810. — The .\ngora goat first imported into 
Cap'.' Colony, South Africa, by Colonel Hen- 
derson, an oflicer in the British army. 

1840, January. — Mr. Luther Tucker, of 
Rochester, N. Y., purchased The Cultivator 
apon the death of the owner. Judge Buel, 
< onsolidutin;- it with his paper. The Genr- 
see T'anner, under the name of The Culti- 
\ator. 

1840. — T\\entyewes and two rams selected 
'ron' the Hanihoiiillet Merinos of France 
were impoited into the United States b.v 
D. C. Collins, of Hartford, Conn. 

1810. — Abcut this year Mr. Ephraim Bull, 
of Concord. Mass., discovered a wild grape- 
^•ine, from which he grew, developed, culti 
v.ated and improved the grape now called 
the "Concord." It is considered the greatest 
advance in grape growing in this country. 

1840. — .Justus von IJebig published a 
famous work, entitled "Organic Chemistry, 
,n Its Relation to Agriculture." He estab- 
lished in the popular mind the theory of 
the plants' almost entire dependence on 
mineral food. He founded artificial fertili- 
zation; demonstrated the value of potash as 
plant food; and many other valuable dis- 
coveries are attributed to him. 

1840. — Imported .jack Knight Errand 
brought to Maury county, Tennessee; owned 
by Mr. Thomas: afterwards sold to General 
J. Pillow. 

1840. — P. T. Barnum and W. R. Coleman 
imti>orted Dutch Belted cattle Into the 
United States. 

1840. — Mr. Fisher Hobbs, tenant of Lord 
Western, in England, established acceipted 
; ype of Essex hogs. 

1840. — Colonel Wm. .Tohnson, plantation 
ownor near Marion Junction, .'Vlabama, first 
sowed the grass which now l)e.i-rs his name. 

1840. — A. C. Clark, of Jefferson county. 
New York, originated breed of swine called 
Cheshires. Sires were large white York- 
shires and bred on the best sows of his 
section, 



1840. — Mowing machine improved by Mc- 
Cormick. 

1840. — Cheese exportations from the 
(United States began to be of imjjortance, 
mainly from New York, Vermont and Mas- 
sachusetts. 

1841. — First sheep introduced into New 
Zealand from New South Wales, Australia. 

1841. — In this year a few bushels of 
clover seed were sent from Cleveland, Ohio, 
l(p <"anada. The first record of this char- 
acter. 

1841. — William Henry Harrison inaugu- 
rated President of the United States, March 
4th, and died April 4th of the same year. 

1811. — John Tyler elected Vice-President. 
succeeds to the Presidency of the United 
iStates, April 4th, and serves nearly four 
vears. 

1841. -The Murrain, or "vesicular epizoo- 
tic," appeared in T<:ngland, suipposably intro- 
duced by foreign cattle; affected all live 
siock except norses. 

1841. — First commercial record of disposi- 
tion of American cotton crop, season of 
1.S41-42. Crop, 1,684,000 bales, disposed of as 
loUows: To Great Britain, 936,000 bales; to 
Europe and Mexico, 480,000 bales; home 
con.'mmpfion, 268,000 bales. 

1841. — Guano fertilizer introduced into 
Great Britain. 

1841. — Grade Hereford ox exhibited by Mr. 
"ust ar the first New York State Fair, 
wpi<hin.g ;J,700 pounds. 

!84",i.-- First important importation of 
wool into E'ngland from Australia, about 
thirteen million pounds during the year. 

1842. — Professor Low said; "The Dorsets 
are the most productive of inilk of any of 
our races of sheep." 

1843. — In this year the Erie Railroad first 
became engaged in the transportation of 
milk and established a freight rate of one- 
half cent per quart. 

184a. — Gray Clyde, 7S, Clydesdale stal- 
lion, imported by Archibald Ward, of Mark- 
ham, Ontario, Canada. 

184'i, April 11th. — French experiments 
tinaUy determined glanders in horses to be 
.a contasions disease. 

1842. — Early in this year Philo Gregory, 
of Chester, N. Y., was induced to try the 
experiment of shipping milk b.v rail to New 
York City. The termius of the Erie Railway 
was then at Goshen. 

1842. — Professor I/ow mentions improved 
.\yrshire cattle as owing superior character 
to mixture of races from the continent of 
Europe and the dairy breed of Alderney. 

1842. — It was not until after this date 
that Robert Fortune, naturalist, went to 
China and sent back many specimens of 
flowers, that the White Chinese Wistaria 
and Fortune's Yellow Rose became known 
here. 

1842. — ^Agricultural Chemisti-y Association 
(first of its kind) organized by Mid-Lothian, 
Scotland, tenant farmers, at suggestion of 
Mr. John Finnie, of Swanstone. 

1842. — Professor f.,ow classes all the 
Channel Islands cattle under the name of 
one of the islands, "Alderney." 

1842.- Highest price of upland middling 
cotton for the year on the New York 
market below 10 cents per pound for the 
first time in history. Highest price of the 
year. 9 cents; lowest, 7 cents. 

1842. — ^Professor Low, in his book entitled 
"Domestic [Animals of Great Britain," at- 
tributes superior condition of Norman horses 
to abundance of grass and food in that 
pro\ ince. 

1842. — ^Duke of Northumberland, famous 
Bates Shorthorn hull, at three years and 
eight months weighed 2,520 pounds, 

1842. — American Agriculturist, great agri- 
cultural paper, founded by A. B. Allen, 
assisted by Richard L. Allen. 

1843. — ^Meeting of Booth and Bates Short- 
horn cows at York, England. The ten-year- 
old Bates Duchess. 34th, took the premium 
over the Booth cow Necklace. 

1842. — Tobacco warehouse established at 
ClarksviUe, Tenn. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



37 



1843. — The Southern Cultivator estab- 
lished at Augusta, Ga., by J. W. & W. S. 
Jones. 

1843. — ^Martin Doyle, writing in this year, 
asserts that the Cleveland Bay horse is a 
descendant of the old war horse of Great 
Britain. 

1843. — 'Philo Buckingham bought of 
Stephen Atwood, of Connecticut, the best 
Spanish Merino ram that Mr. Atwood 
would spare and two ewes, and took them 
to Muskingum county, Ohio. 

1813. — In this year, according to the 
ITnited States Department of Agriculture 
Year Book of 1904, Reuben Ragan, of Put- 
nam county, Indiana, purchased a part of 
the stock of Josiah I;indley. who had con- 
ducted a nursery at Monravia, Ind. Among 
It was a long-bodied seedling pear tree in 
which was a dormant bud of the Areniberg 
pear. This was a rare and high-priced 
variety at the time, and was given special 
attention, .^fter being attacked by the pear 
blight and killed down to the seedling stock, 
it finally produced a delicious late fall pear 
ot medium size. It was afterwards called 
the Philopena by the originator. 

1843. — In this year George Funk, a well- 
known stockman of McLean county, Illinois, 
drove his first cattle to Chicago, then being 
sixteen years of age. He drove from 
Funk's Grove. Mcl^ean county, to Chicago 
in twelve days. In an address before the 
ATcLean County Historical Society of Illi- 
nois, sixty years later, speaking of the 
cattle sold and delivered in early days', he 
said; "We sold by the dressed weight, the 
packer getting the hide and tallow." 

1843. — According to the book entitled 
"Industrial Chicago," the packing house of 
Dyer. Chapin & Wadsworth was established 
on South Branch, near North street. During 
that winter Archibald Clybourne killed 3,000 
i-attle, which were shipped to New York 
early in the spring. Others followed Cly- 
bourne's example, for beef could be bought 
for 1 '/; to 2 cents per pound, according to 
it he g'rade of the cattle. The packers 
cleaned out the Western country of its live 
stock and made hay while they could, re- 
i:ardless of to-morrow's demands. This is 
.■ibout the first item which mentions the 
prices paid for cattle at Chicago. The beef 
packing relates to salt beef. 

1843. — ^In this year, at Chicago, corn sold 
for IS cents per bushel, and wheat at 3S 
cents. Lowest prices on record. 

1843. — ^The new Diana grape, a seedling of 
the Catawba, first exhibited before the 
Massachusetts Horticultural Society of 
BoiSton by Mrs. Diana Crehore, of Milton, 
Mass. It v/as named for her. 

1813. — First Agricultural E.xperiment Sta- 
tion established on his own estate, about 
forty miles north of London, England, by 
Mr. .lohn Lawes. 

1843. — .\ pear tree planted by Mr. Ockle- 
tree in 1S0.5 in Illinois, about ten miles 
north of Vincennes, produced 1S4 bushels of 
pears. The girth of the tree one foot from 
the .ground was twelve feet, and nine feet 
from the ground it was 6 V2 feet. 

1843. — Pleuro-pneumonia in cattle first in- 
troduced into the United States in the 
vicinity of New York City. 

1844. — "Old Jack," a famous Aberdeen- 
Angus bull, bred and raised by Hugh Wat- 
son, of Keillor, Scotland, sold for a hundred 
guineas ($508 in American money) — a big 
price at that time. 

1844. — In January of this year the Price 
Current, famous statistical paper in regard 
to packing-house interests and products, 
was started by A. Peabody. 

1844. — It was reported to the editor of 
the American Agriculturist by Mr. Wm. H. 
Sotham. of Black Rock, N. Y., that in 1S4'4 
a Hereford cow weighed on the scales at 
Albany 2,31S pounds alive. Mr. Bennett, of 
Brighton, Mass., sold this cow to a Boston 
Ijutcher for .?150. She was exhibited in 
Boston for a month at a shilling a head. 
Her beef was of the finest quality, and the 
owner exhibited the quarters rooind the city 
on a warm, sunny day, and spoiiled the 
whole of it. 

1844. — Towards the close of this year 
AVadsworth, Chapin & Dyer, Chicago pork 



produced an im- 
Brinckle's Orange, 

known as Dyark's 



packers, packed a tierce of beef for the 
lOpglish market, the tierce being made by 
l^ug>» Maher. During the winter of 1845-4(5 
thev killed no less than 2,000 cattle brought 
in ' from Central Illinois and Northern 
Indiana. The price on foot was then about 
$:!..tO per 100 pounds. This is the beginning 
iif salt-t'eef packing for export, the business 
upon which stockmen had to rely to dispose 
of their surplus before the better methods 
of canning and refrigerating of bee* were 
inaugurated. 

18.14. — Boussingault, an eminent French 
.hemist. published a work, entitled "Rural 
iCconomy." one of the first great books 
upon agricultural chemistrj-. 

1844. — Tenants on New York "patroon" 
estates refused longer to comply with old 
leudal customs of paying a few bushels of 
wheat or a day or two service per year, 
in order to hold land under them. Tliis 
\pd to the alloidal system, which enabled 
them to pav cash rents or obtain clear titles 
without acknowledgment of subservience to 
estate owners. 

1844.— Royal Agricultural Society of Ire- 
land organized. 

1844 — ^At Southampton, in this year, the 
\gricultural Society of England offered 
prizes for Channel Island and Crumpled 
ilorn cattle. 

1844. -William W. Plant began the sale of 
farm tools and seeds in St. Louis, Mo. 

1844 -_The Louisville (Ky.) Journal men- 
lions a large pork-packing establishment 
established In this year on Pearl street, of 
that city. . ^,. , 

1844 -rirst cotton mill erected in Missis- 
erected at Cave Hill, Washington county. 

1844^First cotton mill in Arkansas 
erected at Cave IHll, Washington county. 

1844. Dr. Brinckle, of Philadelphia, 

grower of raspberries, 
portant variety called 
from an English sort 
Seedling. 

1844- — Witnesses examined by a com- 
mittee of the English House «f po"imons 
poreed that in many parts of that country 
at that time lands were rented fo-" separate 
use of individual possessors from seed time 
to harvest, after which they ^^ere open and 
common to all for pasturage. They \ ere 
.Tpsignated "lammas lands." or "open, com- 
monlme, intermixed fields." Thus it appears 
that T^ngland had free range as late as 1844. 

1845.— Newtown Pippins from the orchard 
of Robert L. Pell, of Ulster county. New 
York, sold in London, England, at $-1 Per 

^^[845 _james K Polk, President of the 
United States, and served four years. 

1845.— In this year a Cincinnati journalist 
Dubli^hed the following: "Our pork business 
Ts the largest in the world, not even except- 

ng Cork or Belfast. In Ireland whach 

■ountrv puts up and exports immense 
amounts in that line: and the stranger who 
visits Cincinnati during the season of cut- 

ing and packing hogs should on no account 
neglect to visit one or more pork-packing 
establishments." 

1845 — Hnughton's Seedling, an Improved 
Kooseberrv, produced about this time from 
fhew" Id gooseberry near Lynn. Ma-ss. 

1845.— Sovereign, 181, Clydesdale stallion. 
imported by R. Johnson, of Scarboro, On- 
tario, Canada. 

1845— An agricultural school at Cream 
Hill Conn, established in May of this year 
1 V br S W. Gold and his son. T. S. Gold, 
continued in smccessful operation twenty- 
four years. 

1845.— Dr. James Bl Davis, of Columbia, 
? C, went to Turkey to experiment for the 
-Sultan in cotton raising. 

1845.— Hereford cattle Introduced Into the 
island of Jamaica, West Indies, by Mr. 
Malcolm. 

1845 ^Mr Norbert Rillieux. of Louisiana, 

conceived" the idea that the hot vapor aris- 
ing from a vessel of boaling sugar cane juice 
could be used to evaporate the water con- 
tained in a second vessel of cane juice, 
foundation of the present system of evap- 
oration in making sugar. 



38 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1845. — French Bros, established a busi- 
ness in Cincinnati for the purpose of sup- 
plying fresh milk to consumers, which 
developed successf'iUy, leading to the build- 
ing of a creamery at ]L.ebanon, Ohio, in 
1S98. 

1845, October 13th.— I>ady Suffolk, first 
2:30 trotter, appeared, making the mile over 
the Hohoken, N. J., track in 2:291/2. She 
was a grav mare, sired by Engineer, dam 
by Don Quixote, and was driven by David 
Bryan. 

1845. — Potato blight first appeared in 
England and Ireland. 

1840. -The Bleeding-heart Rose first intro- 
duced into the gardens of English-speaking 
people, the T^ondon Horticultural Society 
having received from China a single plant. 




A moc'ern exhibit of yellow corn at the 
Illinois State Fair. 



1846. — Keid's Yellow Dent Com, a light 
yellow variety, originated this year with 
J. L. Reid, of Delavan, 111. 

1846. — ^The summer of this year was un- 
precedently hot throughout England, and all 
the horticultural journals united in pro- 
nouncing the bloom of roses that season 
unsunpassed by the bloom of any previous 
year. 

1846. — ^First American Shorthorn HerJ 
Book issued by Lewis F. Allen, of Black 
Rock, N. Y. 

1846.-- English corn (wheat) laws abol- 
ished. 

1846,— The Horticulturist, an influential 
farm paper, estaljlished by Mr. Luther 
Tuckeifi edited by Mr. Andrew Jackson 
Downing, and discontinued at his death. 

1846. — In the early part of this year a Mr. 
H. R. Smitli reached Chicago from New 
Jersey. He went down into the state of 
Illinois and bought 225 head of good, fat, 
old-fashioned cattle at $16. .50 per hea^l. 
He drove them to New York and they were 
the first cattle driven from Illinois to that 
city of which there is record. In 100-days' 
driving over public roads and wsiwimmJng 
streams the cattle reached their destination, 
the expenses being $5.50 per head, making a 
total cost of $22.00. The cattle brought 
$40.00 per head in New York, netting the 
ent&rprising drover more clear profit than 
the cattle raiser obtained altogether for 
breeding and raising- these good three and 
four-year-old steer.'?. No truer example can 
be shown of old-time conditions. 

1846. — Experiments begun in New York 
towards preseiving (canning) milk. 

1846. — ^Mr. J. Boydell, of England, con- 
structed an engine that laid its own track 
aa it traveled over the ground. 

1846. — The Genesee Farmer for March 
of this year speaks of the unexpected suc- 
cess of the Cortland County Agricultural 



School, Mr. Woolworth, the lecturer, ad- 
dressing twenty-five to thirty farmers once 
a week. 

1846. — Hereford Herd Book commenced by 
Mr. T. C. Eyton, of Eyton Hall, Salop, Eng- 
land, in 1S46. The first two volumes con- 
tained 001 bulls, but no cows. 

1847, — First sjstematic irrigation in the 
arid West by the Morinons on the land 
v/here Halt Lal^e City now stands. 

1847. — In three years (ending 184 7) 
average wheat crop of Island of Guernsey 
was seventy-six bushels per acre. 

1847. — A Mr. Martin erected a cotton-seed 
oil mill at New Orleans. 

1847. — Extract from the book entitled 
"The Farmers' Companion," by Hon. Jesso 
Buel, of Danbury, Conn.: "The new system 
of husbandry is based upon the belief that 
our lands will not wear out, or become ex- 
li uisted of their fertility, if they are judi- 
c loi'sly managed; but, on the contrary, that 
I he> inay be made progressively to increase 
in i>roduct, in re>vards to the husbandmnn 
ind in benefits to society, at least for some 
trine to come. It regards the soil as a gift 
ol the beneficent Creator, in which we hold 
imt a life estate, and which, like^ our free 
institutions, we are bound to transmit un- 
impaired to postenity." 

1847.--T\YO patents issued by the United 
SI ites on artificial method of hatching 
« liij'kens. 

1817. — Millet recommended as a soiling 
nop in Patent Office Report. 

1847. — James K. Polk, a pacer, whose 
IH iligree has been lost sight of, covered a 
liist.Liice oC three ynUes in harness in 7:44. 

1848. — Todd Bros. & Haskins, near Wake- 
man, Ohio, bought a boar of what waa 
< ailed the Large Grass Creed from Joel 
Mead, of Norwalk. Ohio, for the improve- 
ment of the Chester White hogs. 

1818, March rilst. — Mr. William Saunders, 
I ,Sc()tch gardener, arrived at New Haven, 
<'onn., to serve as gardener for Mr. Bost- 
\ '( k. He was a great writer on agricult- 
ui.il subiects. He introduced fixed roofs for 
^lecnhouses in this country, and for thirty- 
eight years was in the service of the gov- 
ernment, doing the most imyportant work as 
a landscape artist. He is largely respon- 
sible for the beautification of the National 
Capital. He died in 1900. 

1848. — ^David Rankin, famous successful 
farmer and feeder, fed his first cattle in this 
year in Henderson county, Illinois. He 
afterwards moved to Tarkio, Mo., becoming 
the largest corn grower and stock feeder in 
the United States. Ordinary feeding by the 
year 1900 amounted to 12,000 cattle and 
20,000 hogs a year. 

1848. — Manual of the Botany of the 
I'nited States issued by Asa Gray. 

1848. — In this year Mr. John T. Alexander, 
a Virginian by birth, but raised in Ohio, 
bought land in Morgan county, Illinois, at 
.•5:'.. 00 per acre. Mr. Alexander was a great 
pioneer cattle feeder and dealer, he with 
Christian Hays being a large buyer and 
drover of Texas cattle. He used to ship to 
(he East by drixing to Toledo, Ohio, thence 
lo Dunkirk bv lake steamer, then by cars 
to New York, a part being afterwards sent 
to Boston. 

1848.— Bull's Head Stock Yards, Madison 
street and Ogden avenue, Chicago, estab- 
lished by John B. Sherman. 

1818. Docomber. — First live stock shipped 
lo Chicago by rail. Millican Hunt, hauling 
a sled-load of hogs to market, found no 
snow beyond the Des Plaines river on 
•which to diav/ his pigs, but found the con- 
struction train of the Chicago and North- 
western Railroad, then called the Galena 
Road. His porkers rode ten miles to 
Chicago behind the "Pioneer," the famous 
little engine which also hauled the first 
load of wheat to Chicago in the same year. 

\Hifi, — .About this time a few Guernsey 
cattle were owned in the vicinity of Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

1849. — In this year Moyamensing Pine, 
a strav-berry produced from Hovey's Seed- 
ling, was awarded the prize offered by the 
Philadelphia Horticultural Society for the 
best new berry. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



39 



1849.^At this time the scythe and cast- 
steel fork manufactory of D. G. Millarrl, 
near Clavviile, N. Y., was manufacturinK 
]",000 dozen of scythes and forks annually 
by water power. 

1849. — Crown Prince calved. He was one 
of the greatest stock bulls of the celebrated 
Booth Shorthorns. 

1840 — Kysdick's Hambletonian foaled in 
this year in Orange county, New York; 
<lled in 1S76. 




RYSDICK'S HAMBLETONIAN. — Pire of 
trotters. Picture taken in his old age. 
Prom copyright photograph, by permission 
of Schreiber & Sons, of Philadelphia. 

1849. — In this year the factory of R. B. 
Dunn, in North Wayne, in Maine, turned 
out 12,000 dozen scythes. 

1849. — ^The Valley Farmer, afterwards 
Tohimn's Rural World, of St. Louis, Mo., 
established as a montlily by Norman ,T. 
("otnian, assisted by Wm. Muir and C. W . 
Murtfelt, Associate Editors. 

1849. — Zachary Taylor, President of the 
United States, and served one year until 
his death. 

1849. — lieapiiii; iiiaeiiine first made in the 
Champion factory at Springfield. Ohio. 

1849. — ^James Vick began to grow flower 
seeds in New York state. 

1849. .luly 2d. — Pelham trots a mile in 
2:28 at I "enterville, N. Y., making a world's 
I ecord. 

1849. — ^Mormons of Utah practice irriga- 
tion in agriculture, the first by Anglo-Saxons 
in the United States. 

1849. — Dr. James B. Davis, of Columbia, 
R. C, imported nine Angora goats, a present 
from the .Sultan of Turkey. Tliey were two 
huck.s and seven does. 

18.50. — Moore's Rural New Yorker estab- 
lished at Rochester. N. Y., bv D. T. Moore, 
Kiditor. Hon. Henry S. Randall, UL. D., was 
Editor of the Slieep Department, and Dr. 
Daniel Lee Soutliern, Corresponding Editor. 

18.50. — In this year a Sliorthorn cow 
named Grace was killed in New York state. 
Her live weiglit ^^■as 1,705 pounds. .She was 
found to be with calf. Her calf and ap- 
pendages weighed fiO pounds. Her dressed 
carcass weighed 1.210 pounds, her hide 101 
pounds, and tallow 153 pounds. Total 
weight, 1,41)4 pounds; shrinkage. 271 pounds. 
This is a yield of S4 pounds 6 ounces of 
dead weiglit to e\ery 100 pounds of li.'e 
weight, making her shrinkage less than Iti 
per cent. Tier tongue, liver, heart and 
tripe, if weighed, would have reduced her 
shrinlcage to 14 per cent. Grace was fed by 
Colonel Sherwood, of Auburn, N. Y. 

1850. — Dr. Hand, of Baltimore county, 
Marvland, began his work which finally 
produced the "Trophy," the \ ariety which 
made the tomato a profitable garden vei^e- 
table. 

18.50. — John .lohnston. a Scotch farmer 
near Geneva, N. Y.. introduced and advo- 
cated a system of farm drainage by tilina;. 



18.50. — The Wild Goose plum was fir.st 
brou.iiht to notice by James Harvey, of 
Columbia, Tenn. Some time before 1S50 a 
man shot .a wild goo.se near Columbia, and 
on the spot where the carcass was thrown 
the Ilium came up the following spring. It 
is our most popular plum, and was intro- 
duced by D. S. Downer, of Fa-irvlew, Ky., 
in the year mentioned. 

1850. — Dr. John Gorrio, of Florida, the 
original inventor of the artificial production 
of ice, patented his ice-making maciiine. 

1850. — The Ingram apple, famous for pro- 
ductiveness and long keeping qualities, 
originated from v)lanting seeds of "Ralls" 
by Mr. Martin Ingram, six miles east of 
Springfield, Mo. 

1850. — i^he Dorchester, the first na-med 
lame blackberry, introducea by Mr. Lovett, 
of Massachusetts. 

18.50. — ^Cattle bred in Texas being driven 
through .\rkansas, Missouri and Kansas, 
for distribution and sale to feeders, caused 
a mysterious and fatal disease amongst the 
native cattle. First mention of fever caused 
j).v Texas cattle. 

1850. — About this time a Mr. Goodrich 
introduced new wild strains of potatoes 
from South America, and, growing them for 
fifteen years, produced the Garnet. 

1850. — ^Previous to this year practically 
.ill the cheese made in this country was a 
r.irm and not a factory produ-ct. 

18.50.— The Delaware — the fourth great 
Vmetican grape — ^found in a New Jersey 
garden. It enjoys the distinction of bein? 
the only one of the four which gives strong 
evidence of "foreign blood." being consid- 
ered a cross between the fox-grape and a 
European vine. 

18.50, Mav I'ith. — Dispersion sale of Short- 
horn cattle bred by Thomas Bates, de- 
ceased, at Kirklevington. Sixty-eight head 
avera.ged $?24.2S. 

1850, Julv IGth. — ^Millard Fillmore, elected 
Vice-President, succeeds to the Presidency 
of the United States, and serves nearly 
three years. 

1850. — Aquilla Young & Everette, of 
Mount Sterling, Ky., owned Imp. Mammoth, 
the largest ,iack imported up to that time. 

1850. — Abel Houghton, of Massachusetts, 
inoduced the Houghton gooseberry ft-om 
seed of the wild berry. 

18.50. — The amount of butter made this 
year on the farms of the United States was 
;tl3,:'-45,::!06 pounds. 

1850. — Ethan Allen, 2:25V2. famous trot- 
ting sire, foaled in this year. 




ETHAN ALLEN, 2:25i/2. — The first stal- 
lion to beat 2:30. From a copyright photo- 
graph by (permission of Schreiber &: Sons, 
of Philadelphia. This is one of the earliest 
high-class untouched animal photographs in 
existence. Although it is forty-six years 
old, Messrs. Schreiber & Sons are still the 
leading photographers of domestic animals. 



1850. — Importation of Spanish red hogs by 

Hon. James B. Clay, of Kentucky. 



40 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1850. — First steam engine for purpose of 
tillage placed on the market by John Fow- 
ler a;. Son. of Cornhill, London. 

1850. — Wm. Chamberlin, of Duchess 
county, New York, imported liSO head of 
Silesian Mevino sheep. 




OXFORD DOWN RAM — A champion at the 
Iowa State Fair. 



1850. — Oxford Down sheep coming inro 
notice, ]jrincipally in Oxfordshire, Engand. 
1850. — First recorded Galloway rattle im- 
ported into Canada by Graham Ba-os., of 
Vaughn, Ontario. 

1850. — United States Census reported 
1,449,073 farms in. the United States. 

1850. — The peppermint plant industry 
sssumed its greatest proportions in Eng- 
land, declining sjnce that year. 

1850. — Only three states reported over 
20,000,000 acres of farm land. Virginia, 
26,152,311 acres; Georgia, 22,821,279 acres: 
and North Carolina, 20,9960,983 acres. 

1850. — Center of number of farms in the 
United States, ten miles south of west of 
I'arkersburg, W. Va., in Athens county, Ohio. 
18.50. — Center of I'nited States population, 
twenty-three miles southeast o£ Parkers- 
burg, W. Va. 

1850, December 29th. — Commissioner J. li. 
Bartlett, appointed to run the boundary line 
between the United States and Mexico, 
\ isiteil the iiarienda of Senor Uon Manuel 
Clandera in the province or .Sonora. Tliis 
ranch had 'i 6,000 sheep, 700 mules, 108 stml 
horses, 1,620 breeding mares and 0,(ii i 
calves. The farm produced 26,000 bushels 
of grrain a year. 

1851. — First public Agrricultural Experi- 
ment Station established at AIoC;<?ern, G^ - 
many, under the auspices of the University 
of Leipzig. 

1851. — Mr. Lorillard Spencer, of Ne\ 
York, imported the Bates Duche-'-s Short- 
horn bull Duke of Athol, first bull of thi-; 
family to arrive in the United .States. 

18.>1, January. — Here are a few item.>i 
from an old New York market report in the 
American Agriculturist: White beans, 75c. 
to $1.50 per bu.ohel; table butter, 15 to 25c. 
per pound; shipping butter, 9 to 15c..; 
cheese, 5 to to 10c. per pound; cotton 12 to 
16c. per pound; wheat. Western, $1.00 to 
$1.25 per bushel; red and mixed wheat, 90c. 
to $1.10 per bushel; rye, 75 to SOc. ; corn, 
Northern, 69 to 74c.; corn. Southern, 68 to 
72c.; barley, 88 to 93c.; oats, 48 to 53c.. 
hay in bales, per 100 pounds, 70 to |75c , 
meiss beef per barrel, $7.00 to $10.00; beef. 
prime, per barrel, $3.75 to $5.25; smoked 
beef, 6 to 12c. per pound; rounds in pickle, 
4 to 6c. per pound. 

1851. — Charles FuUington. of Union county. 
Ohio, imported the famous French draft 
stallion, Louis Napoleon, a short-legged, 
closely-ribbed, blocky and compact gray, 
three years old. He was afterwards sold to 
A. P. C'ushman, of DeWitt county, Illinois. 

1851. — In this year Jacob Fussell, a milk 
dealer delivering on four routes at Balti- 
more, Md., engaged In the wholesale ice 
cream business. In those days the little ice 
cream which was sold was by confectioners. 
They bought cream of him in an irregular 



way, and, as sweet cream was hard to keep 
on hand, he began using up his surplus by 
luanufact urine: ice cream. He also did busi- 
ness in Washington. D. C, and in 1803 
established the first wholesale ice cream 
establishment in New York City. Mr. Fussell 
was in active business) for forty-flve years, 
when his sons succeeded him. 

1851. — A European grape successfully cul- 
tivated around Missions, in California, now 
known as the "Mission Grape." 

1851. — In tlie .\merican Agriculturist of 
F'ebruary, 1S51, an article appears entitled 
"I..ar};e Cattle in Kentucky," by James G. 
Kinnaird, of Solit'ide, Fayette county. The 
fat cattle belonged to Mr. C. W. Innes, of 
l''ayette, and won prizes for beef cattle. On 
exhibit, these .steers weighed 2,710 and 
2.740 pounds at live years old. The same 
exhibitor had thirty-nine head, averaging in 
weight from 2,000 to 2,435 pounds. Mr. 
limes also had a Shorthorn bull which 
weighed 1,753 pounds. This was at the 
first Kentucky Fair, held at Lexington, 
October 1S50. 

1851. — At Mount Fordham, New York 
state, in the year 1851, and the 24th of 
.June, a public sale was held by Mr. Morris, 
a Shorthorn cattle breeder. Colonel James 
M. Miller was the auctioneer, "who con- 
ducted the sale with his usua,l ability and 
dispatch." The sale included bulls at $50 
to $175, and females at $30 to $175. The 
iop-i)rice bull was Logan, twenty-three 
months old, sold to Oliver Slate. iJr., of 
Throgs Neck, N. Y. The top-price female 
was the four-year-old Red Lady, sold to 
General Cadwallader, of Philadelphia. The 
sale was reported origina,lly by the Ameri- 
can A.griculturist. 

1851. — A Mr. Wolfskin planted eighty 
acres of apricots and peaches and 9.000 
grapes in the town of Winters, in Yolo 
C'ounty, California, in 1851. In 1885 the 
first apricots from these trees were sold. 
First commercial orchard of record on the 
Pacific Coast. 

1851. — ^Reaping machines (McCormick's 
and Hussey's) first introduced in Etigland 
from the United States. 

1851. — Fire in Edinburgh, Scotland, de- 
stroyed all pedigrees and papers relating 
to Galloway cattle. 




MR. W. H. SOTH.^M, early importer of 
Hereford cattle into the United States and a 
great advocate of the breed. 



1851. — ^Exhibition of the Industry of All 
Nations at London; great help to agri- 
culture. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



41 



1851. — In this year racing' was inaugu- 
rated in California. A sniiall schooner 
arrived at San Francisco from Sydney, 
Asutralia, called the Sea Witch. Among 
her pas.sengers wa.s an Englishman named 
J. Cooper Turner, who had with him two 
hay htallions, a hlack mare and a gray 
Kelding. The mare was called Black Swan, 
and she afterwards won a grreat ra<'«' of six 
miles, ridden by .\lexander Marshall, for a 
wager of ten thousand head of Spanish 
cattle (then worth about $4.00 per head) 
between Don Pio Pico and Don .lose 
8epulved.a, the former of whtm owned 
>>arco, who started favorite in the race. 
Black Swan led by seventy yards to the 
three mile stake, where David K. Tidwell 
held a bucket of water and sponged her 
mouth out. She was at least two hundred 
yard.s behind Sarco when her rider got her 
going again, but she won l>y over thirty 
lengths. The stallions of the importation 
WBre named Chloroform and Muley. 

18.51. — ^Captain J. T. Davy began the pub- 
lication of a Devon Herd Booli, recordiing 
American jiedigrees ten years farther than 
the oldest published for English herds. 

18,51. — First cheese factory in the United 
.States established in Oneida county, New 
York. 

1851. — .\t the first International Exposi- 
tion held at Hyde Park, London, in this 
year, four prize medals were awarded to 
American sheep. 

1851. — Messrs. Calloway & Purkis, of 
England, with a view to improvement in 
steam culture, constructed a neat locomo- 
tive with two main traction wheels of 
eighteen inches tread with a truck forward 
lor a steering apparatus. 

1851. — American plows demonstrated their 
superiorily over English plows at Hounslow, 
England, during the first International Ex- 
posiition. 

18.52. — Mr. .Tohn Delafield, of Oaklands, 
near Geneva. N. Y., imported the first tile- 
making: machine for farm drainage. 

1852. — Jn January of this year the Ohio 
I'iirmer was established at Cleveland, Ohio, 
by Tliomas Brown. 

1852. — ^First crop of "lemon yellow" to- 
I)acco produced on Sandy Ridge, in Caswell 
county. North Carolnia. 

1852. — General trial of mowers and 
reapers at Geneva, N. Y. 

18,52. — I.,arge importation of Andalnsian 
.i;>cUs by Leonard Bros., of Mount 
Leonard, Mo. 

1852. — Reaping: machine of home produc- 
tion invented by Re\ . Patrick Bell, of 
Forf.Trr.:hhe. awarded premium by Highland 
Society. Had been in use fourteen years. 

1852.— In the eajrly summer of this year 
Tom C. Ponting, of Moweaqua, 111., went to 
Texas on horseback and boug:ht 800 steers 
there M'hich he drove hoine and fed. the 
drive occupying one year. He afterwards 
shipped them from Muncle, Ind., to New 
York. 

1852. — ^At this period, at the site of the 
present city of Kl Paso. Texas, there were 
ranches of Mr. (^oon and Mr. Hugh Steven- 
son, and a small group of buildings called 
Magofhnsville, owned by .lames W. McGrOf- 
tin, a pioneer ranchman. 

1853, .April 15th. — Through the action and 
energy of Mr. John Delafield. of Geneva, 
N. v., an art was passed by the New York 
T^egislature, establishing a State Ag:ricultural 
C'olleg:e, which was opened seven years later 
;.nd then closed down again. 

1852, December 30th. — A herd of wild 
Tiiustanps stampeded the wagon train of 
United States Boundary Commissioner Bart- 
lett in the vicinity of Loma Blanca, on the 
route to Corpus Christi, Texas. A few- 
hours after leavine: camp the prairie near 
the hori-ion seemed to be moving with long 
undulations like the waves of the ocean. 
The whole prairie was alive with mustangs. 
The mules in the train became restive and 
the teamsters hastened to pack the wagons, 
>iut one of the mule teams started the 
stamoede by springing from the train and 
dashed off at full speed towards the wild 
horses. The avalanche of wild horses swept 
on like a tornado. 



1852. — ^The prairie dog was mentioned In 
John Russell Bartlett's Explorations and 
Inicdents in Texas: "One of the most inter- 
esting animals met with on the prairies and 
high table-lands is the praire dog, which is 
in fact no other than a marmot, having no 
character in common with dogs. The first 
community was in Texas, near Brady's 
Creek, a branch of the Colorado of the East. 
This was the largest we ever .saw, nor have 
we heard of one as extensive. The extent 
was ten miles in one direction and fifty in 
another. Estimate was made of 30,000 
habitations to the square mile, or 1.5,000,- 
000 in all — a population of 30,000,000 prairie 
dogs ".vhen figured at one pair to each habi- 
tation or hillock. 

1852, September 9th. — At Union Course. 
Long Island, an early pacer named Pet 
established a mile record of 2:18'/^. 

1852. — First trotting: sulk.v without sprinRS 
built for Flora Temi)le. The weight was 
about ninety pounds. 

1853. — ^Prince, a horse of unknown breed- 
ing, trotted ten miles in 2S:08y2 minutes. 

1853. — In the winter of this year a Mr. 
Renick bought l.liOO cattle in Northern 
Texas and sold them in Illinois. This trade 
continued until it was exploded by the 
Texas cattle fever. 

1853. — -Belmont, a thoroughbred stallion 
bred by Garrett Williamson, of Springdale, 
near Cincinnati, .and three mares were im- 
ported into California and left a lasting 
mark on the thoroughbred horse of Cali- 
fornia. 

1853. — Franklin Pierce elected President 
of the I'nitcd States, and served four years. 

1853. — Through the Scupperning: grape, a 

direct offspring of the Muscadine, dis- 
covered on Roanoke Islands, Sidney Waller, 
of Brinkleyville, N. C began extollinig it 
in 1S53 to the Commissioner of Patents as 
"the grape of grapes for the South." 

1853. — ^The record for trotting one hundred 
miles was broken by Conqueror, a bay 
gelding by La Tourette's Bellefounder, dani 
Lady McLain by imported Bellefounder. 
The tiiTie was eight hours, fifty-five minutes 
and five seconds. 

1853, .lune tSth. — Highland Maid, a con- 
\erted pacer, by Soltram, dam Roxana, 
reduced the mile trotting record to 2:27. 
She was piloted bv F. J. Nodine, of Center- 
ville. N. Y. 

1853, July. — R. .\. .Alexander established a 
Shorthorn breeding cattle herd at Wood- 
burn, Ky.. by generous importations of the 
best of the breed. 

1853, July 14. — Tacony trots in 2:27 on 
ITnion Course, L. I. 

1853. — ^In this year a writer in the New 
York Herald said that four-fifths of the 
horses hauling the cars on the Sixth Avenu's 
Railroad, New York, were from Vermont 
and New Hampshire, and nearly all of the 
celebrated Morgan breed. 

1853, September 27th. — Shorthorn cattle 
sale at London, Ohio, by Madison County 
Importing Company. Average for twenty- 
four cattle, $1,000 per head, including eight 
which sold for $1,000 to $3,000 each. 

1853. — Kentucky sale of Shorthorns at the 
farm of B. .1. Clay, in Bourbon county. 
Twenty-five head sold for an average of 
.'51.941.40 each. Ten bulls sold from $1,000 
to $6,000 each. 

185.J. — Mr. Davis, of South Carolina, pur- 
chased two head of Brahmin cattle from 
the English Earl of Derby, and brought 
them to the United States. 

1853. — Captain Richard King established 
himself as a ranchman in Southern Texas 
and purchased 7.5,000 acres of land there 
by starting the Santa Gertrudes Ranch, In 
Nueces county. 

1853. — ^At Royal Show Yard, Gloucester- 
shire. England Shropshire sheep were rec- 
ognized as superior. Considered the turning 
point of the breed. 

1853. — In this year special classes for 
Welsh cattle were first Instituted at the 
English Royal Show. 

1854. — The Tappahannock found in Vir- 
ginia, the first variety of American wheat. 



42 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1854, June. — ^Cogs in driving wheels of 
mowers and reapers invented by James 
Buckingham, of Muskingum county, Ohio. 

1854. — The Lajvton, or New Kochelle.black- 
berry was found on the roadside by Lawton 
at New Rocheile, N. Y., and was valuable 
and popular for many years. 

1854, January 6th. — The Country Gentle- 
man established by Mr. Luther Tucker, of 
Albany, N. Y., under the editorship of 
1/iither Tucker and John Jacob Thomas-. 

1854. — The first authentic hybrid grapevine 
was exhibited by John Fisk Allen — ^a hybrid 
betv.een the Golden Chasselas and the 
Isabella. 

1854.--First importation of Scotch-bred 
Shorthorns by the Shakers of Union City, 
Warren county, Ohio. 

1854. — ^Michisan Southern Railway opened 
stock yards at corner of State and Twenty- 
second" streets, Chicago, III. 

1854.— -First importation of Shorthorn 
cattle into Wisconsin by Mr. John P. Roe, 
of Waukesha county. 

1854. — Royal Agricultural Society of 
KIngland awarded silver medal to Mr. John 
Fowler for steam draining apparatus, called 
Fowler's Draining Plow. 

1854. — Dillon Bros., of Normal. 111., pur- 
chased one of the liorses of the French im- 
portation of 1851 and won many prizes 
under the name of "Norman." 

1855. — Mr. "VA'm. Smith, of Woolston, Bed- 
fordshire, England, used steam power in 
plowing; also a subsoilcr of his own inven- 
tion. 

1855. — Hampshire Down sheep introduced 
into the United States, mainly in the South: 
scattered and practically exterminated 
during the war. 




THOROUGHBRED HORSE — LEXINGTON. 
From copyright photograph by Schreiber, 
dated 1S72. He was the greatest race horse 
of his day and famous sire. He was then 
twenty-two years old, and died three years 
later. 



18.55, April I'd. — A great race between the 
thoroughbreds, four miles. Lexington re- 
duces Lcompte's time of 7:26, establishing 
a record for the time of 7:19%, which was 
unbeaten for many years. 

1855. — A conibined clover huller exhibited 
at the New York State Fair at Buffalo. 

18.35. — A few Shropshire sheep imported 
from England into the state of Virginia. 

1855. — Lewis F. Allen, of Black Rock, 
X. Y., issued second volume of the Short- 
horn Herd Book. 

1855. — Obed Hussey, of Baltimore, in- 
vented and put into operation a steam plow. 

1855. — According to A. C. Landry, "the 
two successful pioneer oil mills of New 
Orleans were the Bienville, built and oper- 
ated by Messrs. Pierre Paul Martin and Paul 
Aldige, and the Magazine Oil Mill, owned 
and operated by Ambrose Maginnis, Sr. 
■Both of these mills were built and began 
operations in the fall of 1855. There is a 
rivalry between these mills as to which was 



the actual pioneer, and the question wag 
never settled to the mutual satisfaction of 
the contending parties." By other authori- 
ties the Martin Mill was credited with 
having started in 1847. 

18.55. — In a review of the Chicago live 
.'-tock histo-ry by the Drovers' Journal, Mr. 
J no. T. Alexander is mentioned as one of 
the greatest cattle buyer ever on tho 
t'hicago market. In this year he shipp-d 
.■;,000 head; in I1S56, 10,000 head: in 1857 
he shipped 15,000 head. He was a cattle 
raiser in Illinois and a speculator also. 
During that time he practically monopo- 
lized the buying of cattle suiitable from 
Eastern inarkets.. With the principal rail- 
road then running to New York Mr. Alex- 
ander made a contract to ship 1,000 cattle 
a week, thereby securing a greatly reduced 
freight rate, which cattle raisers and other 
dealers could not touch. Mr. Alexander 
did not own a packing house, but he made 
larger amounts of money in rebates than 
are now considered to be fair packing- 
house profits. 

1855, June 11. — ^Smithfield, in London, 
used for the last time as a live cattle 
market. 

1855, June 21st. — At Union Course, Ijong 
Island, the mare Pocahontas established the 
pacing record to wagon at 2:171/2. She was 
bred by John C. Dine, of Butlsr county, Ohio, 
by Iron's Cadmus, he by Cadmus, son of 
American Eclipse. 

1855. — ^Colonel C L. Carter, pioneer Texas 
ranchman, settled in Palo Pinto county. 
He was afterwards one of the original 
organizers of the "••ound-up" system of 
gathering cattle, and President of the 
Northwest Te.xas Cattle Kaisers' Association. 

1855. — Col. Agoston Haraszthy introduced 
French grapevines into California after an 
extended European investigation. 

1855, October. — At the Florence, Kentucky, 
Fair, Black Hawk, a Morgan stallion, ex- 
liibited by P. & L. Melendy, of Hamilton 
t ounty. Ohio, won the first prize in cla.ss 
for harness stallions four years old and up- 
ward. 

1855. — It was in this year when cattle 
lirst began to arrive at Chicago from Texas 
in droves. J. G. I^aw & Co. packed 3,000 
head of them in 1859, and other packers 
salted large numbers of them. The Civil 
War temporarily slopped this trade. 

1855. — In this year Mr. Peter M. Gideon. 
of Minnesot.i, began a series of discouraging 
experiinents in order to discover an apple 
tree able to withstand tTie severe winters 
'if his section. In twelve years he grew 
line seedlling of the Cherry CraVi, which 
ll'roved hard. This was named 'Wealthy," 
:!nd upon this foundation the apple culture 
of the Northern 3Iinnesota region has been 
built. 

1855. — The Rojal Herd Book of Hereford 
<attle at the Fleming Farm, Windsor, Eng- 
land, was founderl in this year. 

1856.— Charles Goodnight. Texas pioneer 
cattle raiser, arrived at the San Saba river 
with his partner and W. J. Sheek, and came 
from Illinois. 

1856. — ^George Wilkes, 2:22, a great sire of 
trotters, a famous son of Hambletonian, 10, 
was foaled in this year. His dam was Dolly 
Spanker. He died in 1882. 

1856. — Richard Ten Broeck sailed for 
England with a stable of thoroughbreds — 

first American to invade the English turf. 

1856. — In this year the seed of the 
Chinese sugar cane, or sugar variety of the 
(•orghiim, was introduced Into the United 
States. 

1856. — The process of condensing milk 
invented by Gail Borden, of Galveston, 
Texas. He was born at Norwich, N. Y., in 
l}i02, and was the first white settler at 
r.alveston, Texas. 

1850. — First Parisian live stock exhibition 
;inder the patronage of the Emperor 
Napoleon III. Large and iinportant exhibit 
of Knglish, Scotch and Irish cattle. 

1856. — \ fig tree planted in this year is 
now one of the great horticultural curiosi- 
ties of Californa. On Bidwell Ranch, 1130 
miles north of San Francisco. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



43 



18f>G. — ^In this year J. P. Anderson en- 
L'aged in oattle raising in California, being 
one of the pioneers of the I'liciflc Coast in 
tliat occupation. Forty-nine years later he 
shipped train consigrnments of hli,s own 
cattle from Nevada to the Kansas City 
market. 

1856. — Rev. Ben.jamin M. Nyce, "preacher, 
teacher and chemist," of Decatur county, 
Indiana, through insulation of building's, 
developed an ioe-storase lioune, which is 
the origin of the modern refrigerator. He 
stored fruits successfully for a rise in 
market prices. 

185G. — This year was noted for failure of 
«TO|>s in France. 





HIRAM WOODRUFF— Born, 1817; died, 
1S67. Famous as trainer and driver of 
trotters. He had the skill of the master, 
I he affection of animals and the confidence 
of men. Picture from his book, "The Trot- 
ling Horse in America." 



1856, September 2d. — Flora Temple, by 
Bogus Hunter, dam b.v Terry Horse, trotted 
the Union Course, Fast New York, in 2:24V2. 
She was driven Ijy the renowned horseman, 
Hiram Woodruff. 

18.56. — The CoUynie herd of Shorthorns, 
ostabliished by Mr. Wm. Duthie, Sr., of 
Aberdeen, Scotland. 

1856. — Lear Bros., of Kentucky, owned 
the large jack Biiena Vista by Imported 
Mammoth. 

1856. — Colonel Richard Peters, of Atlanta, 
Ga., commenced breeding English Berkshire 
s.«'ine. 

1856. — The United States Aigricultural 
Pociety at Philodelphia awardeed Coloneil 
Richard Peters, of .\tanta, Ga., a special 
iremium of $1,000 on the Angora goats of 
Lhe Davis importation. 

1856. — Anieriean Agriculturist, monthly 
farm paper. purchased by Mr. Orange 
,Tudd. Associate editors. Rev. W. Clift, 
M. C. Weld. Dr. Geo. Thurber, Joseph 
Harris, Henry Stewart and Dr. B. D. 
Halst ;-d. 

1856. — In this year the first Angora goats 
received from Victoria, Australia, consisted 
of seven head, brought from Turkey by Mr. 
Sichel, a Melbourne merchant. These goats 
averaged a fleece of two pounds nine 
ounces when the flock had increased to 108 
head. 

1856. — First grafting of the prune at San 
Jose, Calif. 

1856. — ^In his "Fruit and Fruit Trees of 
\merica," published this year, A. ,1. Down- 
ing claimed that the American or Newtown 
Pippin, propagated in Rhode Isiland, was 
admittedly the fine«:t apple in the world. 

1856, October 16th. — Opening of the Great 
St. Louis Fair. Original Directors: A. 
Harper, T. Grimsley, J. M. Chambers, ,1. R. 
Parrot, H. T. Blow, H. C. Hart, J. Withnell, 



T. T. January, C. I. Hunt, H. .S'. Turner, F. 
Dings and Norman J. Oolman. Officers were: 
J. R. Barrett, President; A. Harper, T. 
Grimsley and H. T. Hart, Vice-Presidents; 
Norman .1. Colman, Recording Secretary; 
Oscar Collet, Corresponding Secretary; and 
H. S. Turner, Treasurer. 

1857. — 'On February 9th, Congress passed 
a bill providing for the construction of a 
wagon road across the country to the Pacific 
Ocean. 

1857. — .Tames Buchanan, I'resident of the 
United States, and served four years. 

1857. — ^The Cumberland Agricultural So- 
ciety organized, becoming afterwards the 
Agricultural Society of New South Wales, 
Australia. 

1857. — ^In the "American .lournal of 
Science" Di'. Gray showed that, although 
the pumpkin's origin was popularly sup- 
posed to be in the lievant, there is good 
reason for believing it to have been culti- 
vated in America b.v the Indians before the 
coming of the whites. 

1857. — The United States War Depart- 
ment introduced camels into the country 

for use in the dry territories. Seventy-flva 
were bought in Egypt and Asia Minor by 
Ma.jor Charles Wayne. The naval transport 
Supply brought the cargo of camels. They 
were landed on the Texas coast, and under 
the care of Captain J. N. Paliner half of 
the herd was driven overland to Camp 
N'erde, Ariz., and the others left at Indian- 
ola, Texas. The camels did not thrive under 
treatment by American teamsters, and, 
being neglected daring the war, the experi- 
ment was a failure. 

1857. — A gray horse named General 
Taylor, by Miorse Horse, dam Flora, un- 
traced, trotted tliirt.v miles in 147:59. 

1857. — Between this year and 1S62 Mr. 
Winthrap W. Chener.v made three importa- 
tions of pure-bred Holstein-Friesian cattle. 

1857.— Samuel William Johnson appointed 
Agricultural Chemist at Yale College. 
Author of famous popular works: "How 
Plants Grow," "How Plants Feed." 

1857. — The trotting record for three miles 
to wa^on in a race was placed at 7:53 1/2 by 
Prince, a chestnut gelding, whose pedigree 
!s unknown. 

1857, .April. — Hereford Journal established 
at Owego, N. y., by W. H. Siotham. 

1857, May l.?th. — .At Uansing Mich., the 
State Agricultural College was formally 
opened with .sixty-one stundents and five 
professors. This is the first of the states to 
I'ut in .actual operation a true agricultural 
college. 

1857, August 27th. — Shorthorn cattle sale 
at Springfield, 111, Average for twenty- 
seven animals, $1,165 per head. 

1857. — ^Mr. B. F. Harris, of Champaign, 
III., marketed a load of cattle at Chicago 
a\'eraging 2.1 ie pounds, and the heaviest 
load ever sold on that market. These cattle 
were picked out of 100 head which Mr. 
Harris had fed to the remarkable average 
of 2,:i77 pounds. Mr. Harrii* at this writing 
is alive and well. He Is the chamipion 
feeder of hea\y cattle. 

1857, December 14th. — Mr. Morrell intro- 
duced a bill in Congress providing for dona- 
tions of land to states and territories which 
may provide agricultural colleges. 

1857.— In this year the Globe Sickle Fac- 
tory of Pittsburgh, Pa., was turning out 
sickles to greater value than all the other 
factories in the United States. 

1857. — In this year, in the state of Missis- 
sippi, a law was passed requiring every 
cotton ginner to remove and destroy all 
cotton seed. Failure was punishable by a 
fine of *20 for every day in which he neg- 
lected to do so. Thus it appears that cotton 
seed was considered to be a nuisa.nce, and 
an accumulation thereof a danger to the 
community. Cotton seed was usually dumped 
into a stream of flowing water. 

1858. — The first Argentine (South Amer- 
ica) Rural Society organized through the 
efforts and advice of Don Eduardo Olivera, 
a student in London. The first President 
was Gen. Gervasio A. Posadas. A more 
effective organization followed in 1S66. 



44 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1858, October 10th.— At nine o'clock in 
the evening' the first overland mall from 
California was delivered to tlie proper offi- 
cials in St. L.ouis, Mo. 

1858. — Messrs. Gundlach & Dressel, of 
Sonoma, Calif., imported choice varieties of 
French grapevines, espocially from the 
Rhine provinces. 

1858. — ^Nelson Morris commenced slaugh- 
tering operations at Twenty-first street, 
Chicago^origjn of one of the greatest pack- 
ing houses in this country. 




GEORGE WILrKE'S, 2:22 — Son of Hamble- 
tonian and sire of a distinguished family of 
trotters, whose name and fame are growing 
greater every day. Prom copyright picture 
by permission of Schreiber & Sons. 



1858. — In this year Thomas H. Burridge, 
of St. Louis, Mo., invented and built a 
traction steam engine intended chiefly for 
field culture. 

1858. — J. S. Rarey, an American, first 
exhibited in London, England, taming 
vicious Iiorses. 

1858. — ^Clydesdale stallion imported into 
Ohio by FuUerton & Co. 

1858. — Colonel Richard Peters, of Atlanta, 
Ga., imported Brahmin cattle. 

1859, May. — ^Farmers prospecting on the 
plains of Nebraska, reported snow two feet 
deep. 

1859. — In the month of April of this year 
the first issue of the Nebraslca Farmer was 
published by Mr. R. W. Furmas. It was a 
monthly, sixteen-page, three-column paper, 
the columns being nine inches long. Mr. 
Furmas continued publication until April, 
1862, when he exchanged the pen for the 
sword and went to the war. He was aftei- 
wards Governor of Nebraska, and at the 
time of his death was Secretary of the 
.State Board of Agriculture. 

1859. — ^A National Fair was held at 
Chicago in this year. 

1859. — ^Mr. J. H. Pickrell, of Harristown, 
111., first actively Identified with Shorthorn 
cattle Interests. Afterwards Secretary of 
the American Shorthorn Herd Book. 

1859. — Hampshire Down sheep mention,^u 
as probably a cross breed of Cotswolds and 
Leicesters by Royal Agricultural Society. 

1859. — Shropshire sheep awarded a place 
on prize sheet of the Royal Agricultural 
Bociety of England. 

1859. — Cotton shipments from Bombay, 
East Indies, to Europe and England, 622,- 
319 bales. American crop same year, 4,861,- 
•00 bales; total exports, 3,774,000 bales. 

1859. — Pleuro-pneumonia in cattle ap- 
peared in this country, being imported 
from Holland. 

1859. — In Septemiber of this year the 
Maryland Agricultural College was formally 
opened. 

1859, July 20th. — Fawkes' American Steam 
Plow, a gang of fourteen-inch prairie plows, 
was tried at Philadelphia In this year. The 



mean rate of speed was four miles an hour, 
and the united furrows were nine feet four 
inchevs wide. It plowed 4.3 acres an hour, 
and was satisfactory to the committee and 
spectators. 

1859. — The Farmer.s' High School of Penn- 
sylvania (now the Pennsylvania State Col- 
lege) opened for students in this year. I>r. 
Evan Pugh was the first President. 

1859, October 15th. — Flora Temple reduced 
the trotting record to 2:19% at Kalamazoo, 
Mich. She beat her own record three times 
in two months during this year under the 
guidance of James D. McManus. 

1859. May 5th. — First shipment of cattle 
from St. Joseph, Mo., to Eastern markets. 

1860. — The United States Census Superin- 
lendent. in his introduction to the agricult- 
ural division of his work, said: "We have 
two agricultural colleges in active operation 
and others in progress of organization. Our 
>oung men are beginning to realize that 
agriculture is worthy their highest amli- 
tion, and that in no other pursuit will in- 
telligent labor meet with a surer reward." 

18G0. — Owing to the scouraging and ex- 
haustive system of husbandry practiced in 
the United States, it was stated in the Mark 
Lane Express of England that the grain- 
I'xporting power of the United States was 
likely to diminish r.ather than increase. 

ISfiO. — Goodenough's horseshoes, made by 
machinery, put on cold, patented in this 
year. 

18(i0, September 27th. — ^Visiit of the Prince 
of Wales, then heir to the British Throne. 
to the St. IjOuis Fair. 

1860. — The Chautauqua grape industry 
began. In 1900 the Chautauqua grape belt 
contained 25,000 acres of vines, of which 
S5 per cent, were of the Concord variety. 

1860. — Great deposits of .potasli .salts 
found near Strassfurt, Germany, which are 
now largely used for fertilizers. 

1860. — Census of this year the first to 
report in detail the quantity and value of 
commercial fertilizers manufactured in the 
United States. 

1860. — Lincoln sheep first given a class in 
English Agricultural Society. 

1860. — ^Small Yorkshire swine introduced 
into the United States^ — a pure hog of 
English York and Cumberland breeds. 

1860. — Paris green first used in Eastern 
States to kill potato bugs. 

1860. — ^A grower of Garnet Chili potatoes 
preserved a seed ball of this ivariety, pin- 
ning it against his window until it was old 
and dry, when he gave it to Mr. Albert 
Breese, of Vermbnt, who planted the seeds 
and produced a number of good, bad and 
indifferent tubers and including one plant 
which surpassed all others. This was named 
the Early Rose, which became the leading 
variety in America. 

1860. — 'In this harvest season four thou- 
sand McCormick reapers were reported to 
have been sold to farmers around Chicago. 

1860. — Flora Temple trotted three miles 
in harness, against time, in 7:33%. She 
■was by Boigus Hunter, dam Madam Temple, 
by Terry Horse, and was one of the greatest 
trotters of her time. 

1860. — First cotton mill in Texas built at 
Huntsville by the state government. 

1860. — In the fall of this year the first 
New York Agricultural College was opened 
at Ovid under Presidency of Major M. R. 
Patrick, but was closed again, owing to the 
breaking out of the Civil War, and was not 
opened again as a college. 

1860. — In the year 1860 Illinois was 
seventh in the number of states as a pork 
and beef-packing center. California was 
first, with 199 houses'; Pennsylvania second 
with 106; New York third, with 91; Ohio 
fourth, with 55; New Hampshire fifth, with 
46; New Jersey sixth, with 28; and Illinois 
seventh, with 22. Ten years later Chicago 
alone had 31 packing houses. In 18S0 
Chicago had 70 packing houses. 

1860, December 11th. — Parker Curie, 
Superintendent of a Louisville slaughtering 
house, with one set of hands, killed 2,171 
hogs in one day. 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



45 



I860. — Ground broken at Kansas City for 
the Western Paeifle Kailruad. 

18eO.--At the beeinninp of the year 1S60 
the book entitled "Industrial Chicago" 

enumerates the beef packers as follows: 
R. M. & O. S. Hough established in 1850; 
Cra^in & Co. in 1854; Van Brunt & Watrous 
in 1S.5S; Gurdon S. Hubbard in 1834; Hav- 
ward. Bloomfleld & Co. in 1858; A. S. 
Brown & Co. in 1853; and Clybourne & Co. 
in 1827. The liosj packers were Jones & 
Culbertson in 1S5S; Tobey & Booth in 1S52; 
Leland & Mixer in 1S59; George Steel in 
1843; C. & J. Stewart in 1857; Thoma.s Nash 
in 1857; J. G. Law, succeeding MoO're .*t 
Seayerns, in 1858; Patrick Curtiss in 1S5S; 
Burt & Higgins in 1S58; Holder & Priest in 
1858; I.ouis Richberg in 1858; Smith & Son 
in 1858; Reynolds & Lunt in 1857; Noyes .*t 
Co. in 1S5S; Charles Silver in 1S5S; and 
E. A. Kent & Co. in 1860. The tirst summer 
meat packing is credited to Tobey, Booth 
& Co., and Van Brunt & Watrous. 

1860. — ^Bone black as cl.arifying or refinint? 
agent no longer used in siiKar retiniiig, 
being substituted by a sulphurous gas. 

1860. — In this year five bushels of corn 
were raised in the United States for every 
single bushel of wheat. Illinois led the 
corn with 115,174,77-1 bushels; also the 
wheat with 23,837,023 bushels. 

1860. — Allen's Red Prolific and AiUen's 
Antwerp raspberries introduced to the 
public, being improved sorts of the £nglish 
red raspbcrrj'. Improved by L. F. Allen, 
of Black Rock, N. Y. 

1860. — The censiis of this year says that 
the premium on gold increased the price of 
farmers" wheat three to eight-fold. The 
large margin was in favor of the Western 
wheat grower. 

1860. — No'. 2 cash wheat ranged from 66 
cents per bushel in December to $1.13 in 
April. 

1860. — The Department of Agriculture 
introduced the Italian bee into this country. 

1860. — Truck growers in Norfolk, Va., first 
to demonstrate that strawberries could be 
grown and ripened long in advance of the 
Northern crop. The industry failed be- 
cause the crop spoUed in transit, there 
I'eing no refrigerator cars at that time. 

1860. — The Iinited States Census reported 
2,011,077 farms in the United States, an 
increase of 595,004 in ten years. 

1860. — Center of number of farms in the 
United States, forty miles northeast of Cin- 
cinr.oati, in Clinton county, Ohio. 

1860. — Center of ITnited .States population, 
twenty miles south of Chillicothe, Ohio. 

1861. — Youatt (on the Horse) said: "The 
I^nglish (,Shire) draft horse sprung from 
Flemish blood." 

1861. — Puchess Shorthorns exported to 
England by Mr Samuel Thorne, of New 
York state. 

1861. — Earl.v war prices of cotton: 
Highest price middling upland cotton, 3S 
cents; lowest of ihe year, 11% cents. 

1861. — ^I..ow price of wheat: June and 
.Tulv, 55 cents; hit'-hest, in May, $1.25. 

1861. — 'Mr. Alfred I. Smith, improver of 
Sufl'olk horses, established a stud at 
AVoodbridge, Suffolkshire, England. 

1861. — 'Royal Agricultural Society of 
England avsarded Mr. John Fowler $100 for 
the most economical application of steam 
power to the cultivation of the soil. 

1861. — First creamery or butter factory in 
the United States started in Orange 
county. New York. 

1861. — In the season of lSCl-2 the dis- 
linction of being the leading packing point 
in the country p.assed from Cincinnati to 
Chicago. 

1861. — -Of the small fruits the strawberry 
crop is more than all the rest. Average of 
the United States, 1,701 quarts per acre on 
150,000 acres. 

1861. — Jerry Burnett, from Bates county, 
MLs-souri, pioneer ranchman, settled in 
Denton county, Texas. 

1861. — Abraham Lincoln, President of the 
United States, and served until April, 1865, 
when ho was assassinated. 



1861. — In this year J. D. Ulrey and hia 
partner, Wm. Veach. were conducting a 
live stock comniis-^ion business and stock 
yards at the corner of Irvin and North 
.wenufes, Allegheny, Pa., and practically 
represented all there was in the Pittsburgh 
live stuck market. 

1861. — L. Prevo.st, a Frenchman, began 
silk culture of thf* I'acillc Coa«t near San 
Jose, Calif., an industry which did not suc- 
ceed and v.as almost extinct by 1877. 

1861. — Thomas McCrae, of Guelph, On- 
tario, Canada, began breeding Galloway 
cattle and started successfully to jjrove the 
j;reat merits and high value of the breed. 

1861. — Modern herd of Aberdeen-Angus 
cattle established at Ballindalloch, Scotland, 
by Sir George Macpherson Grant. 

1861. — Mr. Wm. I.andrum was awarded a 
silver froblet and C25 in cash for the intro- 
duction of the first goats (called Cashmeres 
at the time) into California. 

1861.--Atwood .Merino sheep introduced 
into Ohio by Mr. Minortone, of Lewis 
Center. 

1862. — ^Mr. Abram Fultz, of Pennsylvania, 
found some beautiful heads of smooth 
wheat in his field and originated a new 
variety which is known by hi--^ name. 

1863. — ^On April Sth of this year I. Winlow, 
of Philadelphia, obtained a ^patent for a 
new method of preserving green corn which 
he assigned to J. W. Jones, of Portland, 
Me. This was the French process invented 
by Nicholas Appert, in T795. 

1862, May 15th. — President Lincoln ap- 
pro\ed the bill establishing a Department 
of Agriculture, the Department being organ- 
ized on July 1st of the same year. Hon. 
Isaac Newton, of Pennsylvania, was the 
first Commissioner. 

1862. — In England, attention first drawn 
to the probabilities and possibilities of 
wheat breeding. 

1862. — Lowest wheat, in January, 64 
cents; highest, in .August, 92 Vb cents. 

1862. — First volume of Polled Herd Book, 
compiled by Mr. Edw.ard Ravenscroft, of 
Edinburgh, Scotland, contained pedigrees of 
Galloway and Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 

1862.— Norfolk and Suffolk Red Polled 
cattle formally recognized in classes at the 
International .Show, Eattersea Park, London. 

1862. — 'Royal A.gricultural Society of 
England, introduced special classes for 
(ialloway cattle at International Show at 
Battersea, near London. 

1862. — Gail Borden, of Texas, patented 
a process by means of which the juice of 
fruit, such as apples, currants and grapes, 
could be reduced to one-seventh of its orig- 
inal bulk. 

1862. — The Massachusetts State Board of 
Agriculture held the first Farmers' rnstitute. 

1862. — In this year C. Aultman & Co., of 
Canton, Ohio, made 3,100 "Buckeye" mow- 
ing and reaping machines. 

1862. — The Free Homestead I^aw as w.^ 
understand it to-day was enacted this year 
and approved by President Lincoln. 

1862, March 5th. — Formation of tho 
Kansas State Agricultural Society at Topeka. 
Officers: President, Lyman Scott, of Leav- 
enworth; Secretary, F. G. Adams, of Shaw- 
nee; Treasurer, Isaac Garrison, of Shawnee. 

1862, July 2d. — Passage of an act by the 
United States, apportioning lands for the 
establishment of State Agricultural Colleges. 

1863. — A. W. Hall, of St. Louis, Mo., took 
out a patent for a steam plow. 

1863. — New York Central Stock Yards .-it 
Buffalo, N. Y., opened this year. 

1863. — ^In this year, at the Internationil 
Exhibition at Hamburg. Germany, where 
.■ill the finest flocks of Europe were rep r-- 
sented. two first-class prizes were awarded 
to Merino sheep from Vermont. 

1863. — ^In this year Barbour Bros, estali- 
llshed the first factory for making harness 
threads in this country. Previously all this 
product was imported from Ireland. 

1863. — George M. Patchen, trotting under 
saddle, made the record of two miles in 
4:56. 



4G 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



18(i3, January. — Isaac Newton, United 
Staters Commissioner of Agriculture, com- 
menced analy.sis of wines, soils and grapes 
with a view to assisting the culture of the 
A-inc. 

18(i:i. — Lowest wheat, in August, 80 cents; 
l^ighest, in T^ecemljer, %l.l'2V2. 

1863. — First 160-acre United States home- 
stead filed on by D. Freeman, five minutes 
after noon, near Beatrice, Neb. 

18(i3. — In this year the Grand Prix de 
Palis was instituted, the horse Ranger 
being the first winner. 




PRIDE OF AVON— AYRSHIRE BUI-X.. 
Champion at Detroit, 1911; champion and 
grand champion Grand Rapids, Mich.; also 
champion at Arizona Fair, Phoenix, 1910 
and 1911. Exhibited by W. A. Macdonald, 
Mesa, Arizona. 



1863. — .Ayrshire cattle breeders in America 
organized and begun the puljlication of a 
new herd book. 

1803, February. — List of agricultural papers 
in the (Tnited States published by Norman 
.J Colman in his Valley Farmer of this 
date: Rural New Yorker, Maine Farmer, 
New England Farmer, Boston Cultivator, 
Massachusetts Plowman, Hovey's Magazine 
of Horticulture, Ainerican Agriculturist, 
Working Farmer, Hortioilturist, Farmer 
and Gardener, The Gardeners' Monthly, 
Country Gentleman, Genesee Farmer, Ohio 
Farmer, Michigan Farmer, Prairie Farmer, 
Illinois Farmer. Wisconsin Farmer, Iowa 
Homestead, California F'armer and Canadian 
Agriculturist. 

1863. — The American Pevon Herd Book, 
the first volume of a new series, published 
in this year. 

1864. — :A.bout this time, in Warren county, 
Mississiijpl, Peeler cotton, the first long- 
staple upland variety, was introduced, by 
whom not known. The most widely-grown 
of long-tapled cotton in Mississippi and 
Louisiana. 

1864. — Smallest crop of cotton grown any 
time in the United .S-tates after it became a 
crop. The crop of 1S64-5 was about 250,000 
bales. The Civil War was responsible for 
the shortage. 

1801.- Hijifhest wheat, in June, $2.26 per 
liushel; lowest, in March, $1.07. 

186t.--High war prices of cotton: Highest 
juice of the year. $1.90 per pound; lowest, 
7 2 cents. This for upland middling on the 
New York market. 

1861. — Year of the birth of the "cigarette" 
maae from Perique tobacco of Louisiana 
and the bright yellow types of North Caro- 
lina and Virginia. 

1864. — White Burley tobacco originated in 
Brown countj-, Ohio, from a sprout of the 
red Builey. Well adapted to plug fillers 
and plug and twist wrappers. 

186.'>. — Kxtract of meat, invention by 
Liebig. 

1865. — About this time vegetable growing 
under glass began to attract wide-spread 
attention. 

180.'), February. — Act passed in Kansas to 
prevent Texas stock being driven into the 
state on account of Southern fever. 



186.5. — Beginning of the spread of the pea- 
nut industry. .Soldiers campaigning in East- 
ern Virginia acquired knowledge of the 
jiiants and carried the seed over the South. 

1805, Feliruary 1.3th. — Special charter 
granted by the Legislature of Illinois to the 
Union Stock. Yard and Transit Compan.y of 
ij'hicago, 111. Incorporators: John L. Han- 
cock. Virginius A. Turpin, Roselle M. Hough, 
Sidney \. Kent, Charles M. Culbertson, 
Lyman Blair, Martin L. Sykes, Jr., George 
W. Cass, James F. Joy, John F. Tracy, 
Timothy B. Blackstone, John H. Moore, 
.tohn S. Barry, Homer R. Sargent, Burton 
C. Cook, John B. Drake. William D. Judson, 
David Kreigh, Joseph Shervvin and John B. 
Sherman. * 

1805, \pril 14th. — Andrew Johnson elected 
N'ice-I'resident, succeeds to the Presidency 
of the United Stules, and serves nearly four 

vt'ais. 

1865. — National Wool Growers' Association 

organized. 

1865. — Captain McGowan, a roan horse of 
unlinown breeding, established the twenty- 
mile trotting record of .".8:2!5. 

1865. — L. B. Silver, of Cleveland, Ohio, 
liought the foundation of his Ohio Improved 
Chester hogs and commenced to build a 
.-train or family according to his idea. 

1865. — ^.\uction of Shorthorn Grand Duchess 
cattle by catalogue at WlIiLs' Rooms, IjOndon, 
no animals being in sight. Thirteen cattle 
averaged H)2. 177.2s per head. 

1865. —The rinderpest, originating In 
Russia, readied London by importation of 
foreign caitle. 

1865. — Dexter, by Hambletonian, 10th, dam 
by American Star, trotted two miles to 
w.agon in a race in 4:56 '4. 

1805. — Lowest wlieat, in December, 85 
cents; highest, in Janury, $1.55. 

1865, December 25th. — Union Stock Yards, 
Chicago, 111., thrown open for business. 

1865. — "Gardening For Profit," by Peter 
Henderson, issued in this year — the first 
inijportant work devoted exclusively to 
market gardening. 

1865. — In this year the Turf, Field and 
Farm was founded by S. D. Bruce, B. G. 
Bruce and Hamilton Busbey. 

1805. — The territorial government of Mon- 
tana passed an act concerning marks and 
brands at the request of cattle raisers then 
engaged in the business. 

1865. — J. M. Daugherty, famous driver of 
trail herds, engaged as cowboy for James 
Adajns at San Antonio, Texas. He after- 
wards delivered 40,000 Texas cattle in one 
year at government Indian agencies in the 
Northwest. 

1865, July. — 'Birth of noted sow men- 
tioned as being one of the best of the early 
Poland Chinas — "Lady Pugh, white; one of 
the best sows in Warren county, Ohio. Far- 
rowed in July, 1865. Bred by J. B. Pugh. of 
Fianklin, Warren county, Ohio, in the fall 
of 1S6S; owned by him until she died, August 
2;tth, 1876. Sired by Young Bob, 300; dam, 
tiie old Harlirader sow." 

1865. — In this year the total recorded live 
stock receipts at St. Louis amounted to 
94,:!V0 cattle, 99,603 hogs and 52,133 sheep. 

1865. — About this time Pans green was 
first applied for the destruction of the 
potato hug and other leaf-destroying insects. 

1866. — In this year a Colorado Cattle 
Growers' Association was partly organized; 
was completed in November of the year 
following with John Ully. President; and 
J. S. Wheeler, .Secretary. It was the year 
1S75 before Colorado had an important 
cattle-growing interest. 

1860. — First Belgian draft horse impor- 
tation to this country by Dr. A. G. Van 
Hoorebeke. of Monmouth, 111. Horses were 
called Boulonnais. 

1866. — Henry L. DeVilmorin, a French 
plant breeder, found that 1,000 to 1,300 feet 
apart was sufficient to prevent spontaneous 
intercrossing by wind-blown pollen. He was 
experimenting with Indian corn. 

1866. — Ancona fowls first brought to 
public notice in the United States by the 
late Francis A. Mortimer. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



47 



1866. — Prwtical Floriculture by Feter 
Henderson appeared this year; first im- 
portant volume on the subject. 

1866, January. — ^Mr. Luther Tucker, of 
-Albany. N. Y.. publishing two farm papers. 
The Cultivator, by consolidation with Thf 
Genesee Farmer, dating- back to 1S31, and 
The (^"ountry Genteman, founded in lS4n, 
combined the papers under the name of The 
Cultivator and Country (gentleman, the title 
beinqr abbreviated to "The Countrj- Gentle- 
man" in 1S9S. 

1866. — The fastest mile record trottinj; 
under saddle up to this period was made 
by Dexter, the great son of Hambletonian. 
10th, the time being L':1S. 

1866. — In this year 262.000 head of Texas 
cattle were driven across the Red river 
into the Indian Territory and started for 
Sedalia. Mo., then the western terminus of 
the Missouri I'acific Railway; but local 
organizations of settlers barred the wav 
and the drive ended in disaster and ruin to 
the drovers. 

1866. — After-the-war cotton prices: Up- 
and middling, highest of the year at New 
York, [>:'. cents per pound; lowest, 32 centt:. 

1866. — In this year Charles Goodnight, 
famous Texas ranchman, together with 
Oliver I-oving, a native Texan, drove a herd 
of cattle from Southern Texas up the Pecos 
rivei- valley to Fort .Sumner in order to fill 
a government contract. At this period the 
trail was not established and no cattle were 
ranging between Horsehead Crossing and 
Fort Sumner. In one of these trips Oiver 
Loving was killed by Indians. 

1866. — .1. O. .Sheldon, of Geneva, N. Y., 
bought all the available pure Duchess 
Shorthorns in America. 

1866. — Dr. J. .Stayman, of Leavenworth. 
Kas., grew a lot of apple seedlings, the 
seed being selected from a choice lot of 
Winesap apples grown in the county. He 
oiiginated what is now known as the Say- 
man Winesap apple. 




IDA OF' ST. LAMBERT — Jersey cow. 



18B6. — The Island Herd Book of Jersey 
Cattle was started in this year. The first 
examination for fiualification was held on 
the 4th of April. Forty-two bulls were reg- 
istered as foundation stock. Later 182 cows 
were examined and approved, and by the 
end of ISfiS altogether 92 bulls and .'iSl cows 
and heifers had been examined. All these 
were qualified as foundation cows. Col. Le 
Conu was the Honorary Secretary and 
Treasurer. 

1866. — "Prin'e of Wales" foaled; most 
prominent Clydesdale sire, bred by James 
Nicol Fleming, of Ayrshire, Scotland; was 
sold at five years old for $7,500; sire of 
Albion. 3,000-guinea colt. 

1866.— T-o\vcst wheat, in February, 77 
cents; highest. $2.03. 

18(57. — The f rst I'nited States patent for a 
disc plow granted to M. A. & I. M. Cravath, 
of Bloomington, 111. 

1867. — Bailev's Annals of Horticulture 
savs that in "this year the experiment of 
shipping green fruit by express from Cali- 
fornia was tried with no very flattering 
results, as the excessive express rales, in 



connection with the fact that the fruit dlil 
not arrive in very good condition, made 
the experiment a losing one on the part of 
the shippers. 

1807. —The Willet peach originated about 
this time from a peach stone brought by 
Cornelius O'l'rien, of Bryant's Minstrels,, 
from South .\merica. and by him sown in 
his garden at llo West Fortieth street, Ne^v' 
York City. The property came into pos- 
session of Mr. Wallace I'. Willett when the- 
tree was in full bearing. Twelve selected 
specimens of the fruit of the original tree 
weighed twelve ounces each and measured 
twelve inches in circumference. It is de- 
scribed in the Department of Agriculture 
Year Book, 1002. 

1867. — ^Mr. Andrew AUiright. of New 
Jersey, patented a process for the introduc- 
tion of hard rubber covered harness trim- 
mings, a purely American invention, which 
has figured con.spicuously as a mounting for 
fine harness. 

1867. — Gerritt .S. and Dudley Miller, of 
New York, imported Holstein-Friesian cattle 
from the best herds in Holland. 

1867. — First selection of <iriffin cotton 
produced by John Griffin, Refuge Plantation, 
Greenville. Miss. One of the best long- 
staple upHnd cottons. 

1867. — At the Paris F,xposition, a Poitou 
jack sold for $3,200, to go to South America. 

1867. — The Knglish Derby was won by 
Hermit, a horse owned by Mr. H. Chaplin. 
There were thirty starters, and the time 
was 2; 52. A horse called Marksman was 
second. 

1867. — A pear tree planted by Governor 
Peter Stuyvesant at the corner of Thirteenth 
street and Third avenue. New York, was 
destroyed in this year, after having attained 
to more than 2 DO years of age. 

1867, July 30th — Dexter, the first great 
son of Hambletonian, 10th, dam Clara, by 
American Star, made his famous trottin;; 
record af 2:19 at Riverside Park. Boston, 
Mass. The track was a half-mile one, and 
he was driven by the celebrateed Budd 
Doble. 

1867, November 26th. — First patent for 
refrigerator cat taken out by J. B. Suther- 
land, of Detroit, Mich. 

1867. — American .Shorthorn cattle sold at 
the Queen's farm, Windsor, consigned by 
Mr. Sheldon, of New York. Nine cattle sold 
at an average of .'P2,6]5..50 per head. These 
cattle were sold liy candle light. 

1867. — C. W. Chenery, of Massachusetts, 
imported .Angora goats. 

1867. — S. T. Todd, son of the originator 
nf the Todd hog, began crossing with pure 
I'bester Whites; origin of the O. 1. C. Im- 
proved Hog. 

1S67. — Mr. Israel S. Diehl, commissioned 
1 y the United States Agricultural Depart- 
ment, visited the Province of Angora to 
investig.ate the mohair industry. 

1867. — In this year a cattle trail was 
established, extending 1,200 miles from 
Corpus Christi, Texas, to Abilene, Kansas, 
mainly through the exertions of James G. 
McCoy. This trail lasted without change 
for four years, and the northern terminus 
was afterwards changed several times, 
notably to Wichita and Dodge City. In 
twentv years 9,999,970 head of cattle passed 
over the trail, which finally extended by 
way of Ogallala, Nebraska, to the British 
possessions. 

1867. — A. C. Frankin and Major Tul Craig, 
of Sumner county, Tennessee, made a large 
importation of Catalonian .iacks, first impor- 
tation after the war. 

1867, August 14th. — The famous Dexter 
reduces the mile trotting record to 2; 17% 
at Buffalo. N. Y. 

13(57. — First of many Shortliom cattle im- 
portations by Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Hill- 
hurst, Quebec, Canada. 

1867. — Brahmin cattle introduced into 
Mexico. F. McManus & Sons shipped twenty 
head (from the Davis importation) to a 
farm near the City of Mexico. 

18(}7.-_Lowest wheat, in August. $1.55; 
highest, $2.85, in May. 



48 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1868. — ^Mr. James Duncan, sugar refiner, of 
Mincing Lane, Ijondon, erected first beet- 
sngrar factory in England at Lavenham, in 
Suffolk. 

18fi8. — Mr. Parlter Earle, of Cobden, 111., 
successfully transported strawberries to 
Chicago, New York and New Orleans in 
lefri.gerator cars. 

1808.— .John H. Potts & Son, of Jackson- 
ville, 111., coninienced breeding Shorthorn 
cattle which developed into a great sho^v 
herd. 

18(i8. — Beef cattle were driven out of 
Montana Territory by D. Ilogan, of Augusta, 
in the interest of a firm named Orenstein 
1^- Popper, of Salt l>ake City, and hougiit 
from a range cattle owner named P. Largey. 

1868. — The lirst Percheron horse importa- 
tion west of the Wabash made by W. J. 
Edwards, of Cliicago. He Imported two 
great stallions called Success and French 
Emperor. 

1808. — The seedless apple reported to the 
New York Farmers' Club as having been 
found in West \irginia. 

1868. — Longfellow, a chestnut gelding by 
Red Bill, paced three miles to wagon in a 
r.ace in 7: -5 3. 

18G8.--I.,owest wheat, in November,$].04 '/i ; 
highest, in July, $2.2ii. 

1868. — On tlie 11th of July, 1S6S, Major 
AVm. Noble Pa\ Is, of Kendall counity, Illi- 
nois, bought Isl head of Texas rattle at the 
Chicago Union Stock Y'ards as feeders for 
^20 per head. He paid .$.t50 damages for 
introducing Texas fever to the cattle of 
jjaureston AA'alker, who was one of his 
neighbors. 

1868.— -In the soring of this year, A. C. 
and W. L. Cassidy, together with D. Sam 
Irons and Johii T. Berry, formed a partner- 
ship in the live stock commission business 
at the Broadway Stock Y'ards, St. Louis, Mo. 
Others engaging in the business about the 
same time were J. I.,. & R. F. McCormack, 
Buchannn <*t Hurley and Tom Gregory. All 
were pioneers in the live stock commission 
business. 

1868. — Sir J. Hawley's Blue Gown, sired 
by Beadinan, won the Kn^lish Derby in the 
lem-irkablv fast lime for that period of 
L':4 3"r.. Eighteen horses started. King 
.\ If red being the second. 

1868.--The lirst person who engraged in 
packing; pork at Kansas City was Thomas 
.J. Bigger, in the fall of 1,S6S. Mr. Bigger 
engaged exclusivelv in preparing meats for 
.shipment to Belfast. Ireland. 

1808. — The twelfth census of the TTnited 
States says that the most important step in 
the development of American beef a.s an 
.■>rticle of commerce was the invention of 
the refriseralor car by Wiilliam Davis, of 
Detroit. The patents were i=sued in 186S. 
and in September, ISfiO, the first cargo of 
'"resb beef was shipped froin Chicago to 
Boston. This was the commencement of a 
'real industry in the United States and the 
initial step toward the foreign trade. The 
■ ars now used by the great meat packers 
of the We=t are founded on the Davis 
patent of 1S6S. 

1868. — The Chicago house of Armour & 
<"o. began packing: hog:s in 1S6.S. The beef 
packing was of later origin. Armour, 
Plankingtrn &- Co. had previously organized 
;n ISfi.'^ at Milwaukee. In 1S70 they ab- 
sorbed a large portion of the pork-packing 
interests of Chicago. The Kansas City house 
was established in 1S71. 

1808. — .Annals of Borticulture by Bailey 
says that in the month of November, 186S, 
N. B. Doe, at that time located on Vesey 
Pier. New York, leceived one car of Cali- 
fornia sri'HPP'* and three cars of pears. The 
grapes consisiec-1 of several varieties, liui 
mo.«tly roka>s, and arrived in good condi- 
tion, "selling from $10 to .$15 per crate of 
forty pounds net. These grapes came 
through by passenger train in a ventilated 
car, with " freigb.t charges of ^1,200. The 
pea.-s vere winter Nells and Easier Buerre 
and arrived in very good condition. , They 
realized from $;i.50 to $.5.00 per box. The 
pears came by freight train in ventilated 
cars and were in transit twenty days, 
freight on same being $600 per car. The 
f-esult of the shipment afforded sufficient 



encouragement for shippers to continue with 
increased consignments. 

1868. -In the year 1S6.S Mr. P. Hutchinson 
bought ground adjoining the Union Stock 
Y'ards, Chicago, and immediately proceeded 
to build a large packing house upon it. This 
is the leading item in connection with 
the conceniration of packing houses in tiie 
^ic:nity of the stock yards. 

1868. — The perpetual flowering carnations 
first in-ported into Am.erica, and growing 
'them under giass was commenced. 

1808. — D. Hogan drove a herd of beef 
cattle from Montana for the purpose of 
lining contracts along the Union Pacific 
Railroad. The contractors were Orenstein 
,K' Popjjer, of Salt Lake City, and the cattle 
"vcre purchased by P. Largey. 

1868. — ^Checsemaking reported as being an 
important Industry .at Centralia, Nemaha 
county Kansas. 




CLIFTON — CHAMPION HEREFORD 
STEER AT THE CHICAGO INTERNA- 
TIONAL LIVE STOCK EXPOSITION, 1911. 
Exhibited by J. P. Cudahy. Kansas City, Mo. 



1868. —In this year a four-year-old Here- 
ford ox was winner of the gold meda.l as 
the best ox or steer of any breed. This at 
the fhow of the Smithfield Club in I>ondon. 

1809. — The English Derby was won by 
Pretender, a horse owned by Mr. J. John- 
stone. The time was 2:52i.4. 'and Peio 
.iomez was second. 

1S09. -Experiments of E. A. Carriere with 
the wild radish form a classical ex.ample of 
plant jjreeding. In five years by means of 
culitjvaiion and -election alone he produci^d 
irom a troublesome weed practically allthe 
type forms of radish in cultivation. 

1809.-— In this year only four varieties of 
sweet corn were to be found in the seed 
catalogues. 

1869. — Ijongfellow mado the record for 
four miles paced in harness in a race, the 
time being 10.34 72. Longfell.iw was sired 
by Reil Bill, but his dam is unknown. 

1S09. — Dr. F. Nobbe, in Tharand, Saxony, 
I-egan fesling seeds, and was the beginning 
of extensive seed central work in Europe. 

1801), —The fastest record for four miles 
trotted in harness in a race was made by 
Lady Dooley, a bro'wn mare by Black Hawk. 
The time for the distance was 11.0,5. 

1809. — Ulysses S. Grant elected President 
of the TTnited States, and served eight years. 

1869. — A. na^tive of .Angora, in Asia Minor, 
A. Kutychides, brought 175 Angora goats t.j 
this coontry. 

1809.— A writer in the Agricultural Journal 
of the Cape of Good Hope says: "A feature 
Worthy of nole is that Bredasdorp openei 
the new industry of ostrich farming, as in 
The spring o" l,sr,9 the first lot of chicks 
were domesticated witn remarkable success 
on the farm of Zoetendal's Vallei. where the 
wild ostrich ,was to be seen stalking the 
;lovvns in large flocks. It was of these birds, 
twenty-one in all, of which one of the Duke 
of Edinburgh's party shot one by mistal-.e 
near the yard, taking them for wild birds, 
after the Duke had bagged a fine wild cock 
not far off." 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



49 



1809. — Downing's "Fruits and Fruit Trees 
of America," published this yefir, mentions 
more than I'^'t' varieties of peaches in this 
country, a'so 970 varieties of pears. 




McA I>I'INI'; — Cliampion Brown Swiss vow 
at the Illino'is State Kair. 1906. ijwnetl and 
exhibited by K. M. Barton, of Hinsdale, 111. 



186!*.- -In the autumn of this year one l)Ull 
and seven heifers received in Massachusetts 
of the Kiowii Swiss herd represent the 
earliest American arrivals of these cattle. 

1869. — The first eommeroial orchard in 
the Southwest planted live miles west of 
i-^pringfield. Mo., by Hon. Ira S. Haseltine. 
It consisted tlien of ninety acres, and in- 
creased until 2,0r'0 acres or more of apple 
orchards were planted liy this family. 

1869. — The disease first called dikkop. 
later known as wire worm, developed to an 
alarming- extent among-st sheep and goats in 
South .\frica. kiUiner eia-hty to ninety per 
cent, of lamlis and kids. 

1869. — A count of cheese factories showed 
1.000 or more to be operated in the United 
States. 

1869. — James T. Worthington published 
a "Manual of Fiwr Culture in the Northern 
and Middle States. It was issued at Chilli- 
cothe. Ohio. 

1869. — On December l.">lh the Kansas City 
Pomolojrical Society wa= incorporated, the 
frst President being William Tanner, of 
l^eav en worth. This was changed later to 
the Kansas .?tate Horticultural Society. 

1869. May. — Mr. J. H. Sanders began the 
publication of the monthly Western Sto^k 
.Jouinal. i sued at Sigourney, Iowa, after- 
wards consolidated with the National l.,ive 
Stoiii Jaurnal. 

1869. — Diehl i*i Brown, of Ohio, imported 
135 Angora s:i»ats. 

1869. -Extensive markets and abaltoir.s nf 
i.a Vilette, cou'-entrating the seven li\ e 
stock markets near Paris, France, were 
opened in th!s year. 

1869. — London Smithfield Club beef cattle 
rham|)ions for previous thirty-three years 
were as follows: Shorthorns, fourteen times; 
.V iierdeen-Aneu?, nine; Crosses, four: Devons, 
three: and Herefords, three. 

1869.--HiKhcst wheat, in August, $1.4fi; 
lowest, in December, TOM: cents. 

1869, Septe.^iber. — A successful shipment 
of dressed beef to Boston in a refrigerator 
car made by D. W. Davis of Detroit, Midi.; 
sa'd to he the beginning of the dressed-beef 
industry. 

1870.- In this yi-ar was the first recorded 
export of cotton-seed oil, amounting to 
S>]4.;Hfi in value. This increased to $2,514,- 
iO" in -:S7S 

1870. — The .Superintendent of the United 
States Census of this year mentions corn 
selling at yo cents a bushel in New England, 
and being burned for fuel in Iowa: wheat 
."-elling at !?1."S per bush':>l in New York and 
15 cents in Minnesota; beef bringing $T.iin 
J.er hun Ired on the hoof in the East and at 
the same time cattle being slaughtered for 
thejr hides in Texas. 

1870. — In this year a large cargo of live 
cattle was exported from a Southern Texas 
port to Glasgow. Scotland, and only 15 per 
cent, arrived. These shipments became more 
regular afterwards, but the shipping ex- 



penses were advanced to $4,S.66 per head 
and the trade was closed on that account. 

1870. — Mr. Emerson, of Mountain View, 
.s^anta Clara county, introduced pure-bred 
Molstein cattle into the state of California. 

1870. — Lord F'alrnouth v\on the Kngrlish 
F)er)>y with Kingcraft, by King Tom, in 
-15. I'alnierton was second in a field of 
lil'teen starter.s. 

1870. — In this year oleomarffarine was in- 

xinted by a Frenchman named Mcgemouries. 
1870. — The first Japanese plum to grow in 
I his country, the Kelsey, was introduced in 
this year. 

1870. — John Reber, of Lancaster, Ohio, be- 
wail the work of importing Clydesdale horses 
into the United States. 

1870. — United States Census reported 
2,65y,yS5 farms in the United iStates, an in- 
crease of 615,908 I'arms in ten years. 

1870. — George Waring, farmer and sani- 
tary engineer, introduced the Trophy 
tomato, I he result of twenty-three years' 
careful selection. 

1870. — Clark & Green, of Jefferson county. 
New York, made an exhibit of Cheshire 
swine at the St. Louis Fair, and won $500 
offered by pork packers for the best herd 
for packers' use. 

1870. — Bel.i;ran draft liorses imported by 

Alassion & Son, of Minonk, III. 

1870. — Brown Swiss cattle first imported 
by H. M. Clarke, of Belmont, Mass. 

1870.-— More than 80 per cent, of the 
sheep in the United States were of Merino 
blond. 

1870. June Sth. — Daniel McMillan sale of 
Shorthorns at Xenia. Ohio. Seventy-four 
cattle averaged $864.60 per head. 

1870. — First large prune orchard planted 
at San Jose, Calif. 

1870. — ^%\'illiam Deering, of the state of 
Maine, arrived in Chicago, and with J. D. 
Easter as partner established the great agri- 
cultural implement factory which now bears 
his name, inanufacturing the Marsh Har- 
vester and the Whittington Wire Binder. 




MR. WILLIAM DEERING. one of the 
founders of the farm-machine industry and 
for many years a great manufacturer. Born 
April. 1S26, at South Paris, Maine; died 
December, 1913. 



1870. — One of the greatest show yard con- 
test in history — Shorthorns at the St. Louis 
Fair. Colonel Wm. -S. King, of Minneapolis, 
Minn., winner of the herd prize, defeating 
Illinois, Missouri and Kentucky. 



50 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1870. — The census of this year shows the 
«Aveet p«ta(o croj^ of the United States to be 
21,T09,S24 bushels — Vermont producing only 
no bushels. 

1870. — Center of the number of farms in 
the United iStates, thirty-one miles east- 
northeast of Cincinnati, in Brown county, 
Ohio. 

1870. — Introduction of "new process" of 
reducing wheat to flour at Minneapolis, 
Minn. J.arse influence in opening up spring- 
wheat section of the Northwestern States to 
settlement. 

1870. — The Union Colony settled at 
Clreeley, Colo., bes'an irrigathig. 

1870, November 1st. — First systematical 
weather bulletin issued by the United States 
Signal Service. Tvv'enty-four stations re- 
ported. 

1870. — ^Cen. Charles P. Stone, an American 
ser\ing in the army of the Khedive of 
E'gypt, sent shoots of the Date Falm to 
Southern California. 

1870. — In this year Nutwood, 2:18%, was 
foaled at Woodburn Farm, Ky. He was a 
noted sire of standard speed and greatly 
distinguished as a brood mare sire. Ev 
.Tanuary, IDOfi, hi.-! daughters had produced 
21)8 performers with records in standard 
time, of which number 200 were trotters. 
No other stallion has nearly so good a 
record. 

1870. — Center of United States population, 
forty-eight miles east of north of Cincin- 
nati. Ohio. 

1870, November 17th. — First beet-sugar 
factory in California opened on the farm of 
E. F. Dyer, of Alvarado, Alameda county, 
by the California Beet Sugar Company. The 
stockholders vvere: C. I. Hutchinson, Flint, 
Bixby & Co., T. G. Phelps, E. H. Dyer, E. 
R. Carpenter, El F. Dyer, W. B. Carr, W. T. 
Garratt, E. G. Ilolins, all of California, an<l 
A. D. Bonesteel, A Otto and Ewald Klinean, 
of AA iscon=in. 

1870. — Ivowest wheat, in April, 73 V4 cents: 
highest, in .July, $1.31 1/2. 

1871. — Baron Rothschild's horse, Favoriu.s, 
captured the English Derby, Albert Victor 
and King of the Forest running a dead heat 
for second place. Time, 2:50. 

1871. — Great year of the Texas cattle 
drives to Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, Wy- 
oming and Montana. About fiOO,000 cattle 
went north on the various trails. 

1871. — The National IJve Stock .Tournal of 
lanuary, 1S71, contains a write-up from 
Duchess Farmer of the largest emporium 
for live stoek but one in the United States. 
This emporium was owned liy tne New York 
Central and Hudson River Railroad at West 
.Albany, N. Y. The yards were constructed 
to accommodate 8,000 cattle and 10,200 
sheep. Tlie pens for hogs contained 1,14 1,- 
000 square feet. The article concludes by 
saying that 3.000 cattile are often sold, 
weighed, paid for and shipped within the 
space of three and one-half hours. 

I871.--At the Weehawken (N. J.) Stock 
Yards, way back in the past, tliey charged 
forty cents yardage on Te.\as cattle. .\ 
newspaper called tlie Globe said in January, 
1871: "Those cattle from Texas have wide- 
spreadine- liorns and look lean and lank. 
It would be inipossiVile to fatten such 
creatures or cut a tender steak from them." 
This Itetn was discovered in an investigation 
of the cattle trade of the United States, 
and is an example of old-time conditions. 
Texas cattle were shipped all the way from 
the range country to Weehawken, N. .J., and 
were shrunk of their fat In transit and 
eaten up by expenses. This accounts for the 
immense number of beef cattle that net 
their owners but $10 per head on t^e home 
ranges. 

1871. — Lowest wheat, in August, 92% 
cents; highest, in February, April and Sep- 
tember. 11.3 2. 

1871, December 2Sth. — Formal opening of 
the foreign cattle market at Deptford, near 
London, England, mainly for receipt of 
cattle from the continent of Europe. 

1871. — Golden Eagle, one of the eigiit 
races of corn, recognized by the Illinois Corn 
Breeders' Association, originated this year 
with H. B. Perry, of Toulon. 111. 



1871.— The American Trotting Register 

started by J. H. Wallace in New York. 

1871, June 1st. — The first opening of the 
Kansas City Stock Yards as a live stock 
market. First President, James F. Joy; 
Superintendent, J. G. Smith; Secretary and 
Treasurer, Geo. N. Altman. Receipts for" 
seven months O'f 1871 were 120,827 cattle, 
41,036 hogs, 4,527 sheep and SOO horses and 
mules. 

1871. — In April of this year the National 
I.,ive Stock Journa.l of Chicago contained an 
item which commences by saying that Texas 
has 500,000 inhabitants and 2,000,000 head 
of cattle. It mentions the rancii of Col. 
Kichard King, who owned 65,111 cattle, 
10,000 liorses, etc. The article concludes by 
saying: "A steer is worth about $10 in 
Texas." 

1871. — "Billy Atlanta," famous Angora 
male, killed by accident, at ten years old 
was sire of 2,000 kids, and was sweepstakes 
winner during his entire life. Owned by 
VVm. Landrum, of San Joaquin county, Cali- 
fornia. 

1871, September. — National JAve Stock 
•Fournal established at Chicago by John P. 
Reynolds and George P. Rust. 




(MIUDSMITH'S M.MD. 



1871, September fith. — Goldsmith's Maid 
placed the trotting record at 2:17 at Mil- 
waukee, Wis., driven by Budd Doble. She 
was sired bv Abdallah, 15, her dam Ab, by 
Abdallah, 1. 

IST2. — In a l)Ook entitled "One Hundred 
Years of American Commerce," by Hon. 
r^hauncty M. Depew, a chapter by Philip 
O. Armour mentions this year as the first of 
consequence in summer pork packing, there 
being SO.'jOOO hogs packed in the summer 
season of that year. 

1872. — In this year the first commercial 
organization of packers of canned goods met 
in convention m Pliiladelphia. 

1873 June 0th. — In a race against time. 
Goldsmith's Maid reduced the world's trot- 
ting record to 2:16%. 

1873. — In November of this year the first 
north-bound shipments of Texas beef cattle 
were shipped from Denison to the Chicago 
market. The route was by the M., K. & T. 
Railway to Hannibal, thence to Chicago. 
The first shipment consisted of fifty-five 
cars, thrt principal shipper being Jerry EUlis, 
of San Antonio. Mr. John G. Taylor repre- 
sented the railroad interest as live stock 
agent of the M., K. cS: T. and C, B. & Q. 
Systems. 

1872. — From this year dates the cattle- 
ranching period in what is called the Pecos 
river country In Texas. John Chisum, a 
pioneer ranchman, and the only one distin- 
guished by having a trail named after him, 
was the one cowman known to ranching on 
the Pecos at that time. 

1872. — The National Swine Breeders' Con- 
vention mentions one family of pigs, known 
as Victorias, originated with Colonel Frank 
D. Curtis, of Kirby Homestead, Chariton, 
Saratoga county, N. Y., referred to as Curtis 
Victorias. Descended from a sow called 
Queen Victoria. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



51 



1873. — Olive oil first made in California at 
Santa Barbara. 

1873. — Poland-China swine officially adopted 
l)y the National Swine Breeders' Convention. 

1872. — I''or the second successive time a. 
horse sired by Parmesan won the KiikIii^Ii 
Derby. This year it was Oremorne, the 
property of a Mr. Saville. The time was 
l':45'4. Pell Mell came In second. 

1872. — 'National Swine Breeders' Conven- 
tion mentioned description of Neapolitan 
Iiogr, a few being^ in this country. 

1872, SepteniVier fith. — Earl Dunmore's 
cattle, forty-eight Sliorthorns, sold at an 
average of $],:;50 ])er head. 

1873. — National Swine Breeders' Conven- 
tion mentions description of American 
Suffolk swine. 

1873, NoveiTioer 17th. — Permanent National 
organization of Anierioan Kliortliorn Breed- 
ers. First ofticials elected: President. Dr. A. 
C. Stevenson, of Greencastle, Ind. ; Vice- 
Presidents, Wm. Warfleld, of Lexington, 
Ky. ; and Hon. David Christy, of Paris, 
Canada; Treasurer. John G. Dunn, of 
Ijondon, Ohio; Secretary, B. H. Campbell, of 
Batavi.a, Hi. 

1872. — Klgin Uoanl of Trade organized. 
Establishes weekly butter quotations in the 
j^lgin district and has great influence in 
regulating the price of butter production in 
the United States. 

1873. — ^Mr. P. M. I^aPrice introduced a 
valuable greenish-j ellow sug^ar eane into 
Louisiana troni the Eastern hemisphere. 

1873. — Lowest wiieat, in November, $1.01; 
highest, in August, $1.61. 

1873, January.- -Daily Drovers' Journal 
founded at the Chicago Union Stock Yards 
by Harvey L. (ioodall. 

1873. — ^In this year Florida oranges began 
to arrive at the New York Produce 
Market, some of the earliest arrivals being 
consigned lo \^' alter Carr & Co. For several 
years the price of these fine oranges was 
$0.00 per box. In the beginning it is said 
that a large number of irresponsible dealers 
obtained consignments of oranges for which 
they made no returns. A book entitled 
"Annals of Horticulture" says: "It is un- 
O.oabtedlly true that the fruit growers were 
swindled right and left, so that it is no 
wonder they looked about for a remedy, and 
soon after the Florida Fruit Exchange (now 
the greatest fruit organization in the world) 
entered the field, and to-day stands at the 
head." 

1873. — In this year a shipment of dresse«l 
beet was made from Deni.son, Texas, to New 
York City. The parties to the experiment 
were John G. Taylor, liive Stock Agent M., 
K. & T. Kailway; John Bates & Bro., 
bankers, 52 Wall street. New York; George 
K. liankin, owner of an ice machine at 
Denison, Texas; and Geo. H. Hammond, beef 
packer, of Hammond, Ind. Four lloads of 
cattle bought by Mr. Taylor were slaugh- 
tered by a butcher named Quinn and placed 
in refrigerator cars, which were imperfect 
in construction. Although the train was 
delayed .and behind a wreck at Parsons, 
Kas., and went to New Y'ork via Chicago, 
the meat arrived in good condition. Defec- 
tive cars and poor icing communications 
interfered with later shipments, and the 
death of Mr. John Bates put an end to the 
experiment. 

1873. — "In this year the railroad companies 
of the United States demanded payinent in 
liind for the carriage of corn, and it appears 
e.xacted in some cases as much as two 
bushels for the transport of one." This 
statement was made in the Republic Fran- 
calse, a BVench paper, them reviewing 
American agriculture, and said: "Owing to 
the scarcity of live stock ro fertilize the 
farms, the grangers of the Far West will 
soon exhaust the soil, and the exaggerated 
V>rodiiction of corn in the Far West will not 
last forever." 

1873. — In this year the St. Louis Slaugh- 
tering: and Rendering Company opened up 
for business. It was located opposite the 
Pacific Stock Y'ards, on the Manchester 
Iload. Mr. Joseph Mulhall w.as President, 
and the capital slock was $500,000. Before 
the days of cold storage and refrigeration 



this was one of the greatest Western 
slaughtering plants. 

I87;{. — In this year M. Goffart successfully 
kept maize as ensilage. He is generally 
(:oiiitcd with lieltig the originator of the 

Slid. 

1873. — Mendel's eolleetion of orchids, 

offered in the spring of this vear, sold in 
England as high as £20, £10, and one plant 
15!) 17s., the returns for the whole collec- 
tion being £4.3G1. 

1873. — Henry Evans. Jr., of Baltimore, 
fitted up a cannery for canning sweet corn, 

which after'.var<ls was sold to Mr. E. 10 
Sears and successfully run to be (he largest 
sugar corn factory in the East in the hands 
of his widow, Mrs. Sears. 

1873. — ^On March 3d Oongres.-* passed an 
act to reeulate the shipping oif live stock, 
familiarly called the twenty-eight-hour law. 
It required all stock in transit to be un- 
loaded, fed and watered every twenty-eight 
Uou's, unless transported in cars, boats or 
other vessels, where they could be properlv 
I'ed, watered and rested. 

1873. — Doncaster. owned by Mr. Merry, 
tool; the English Derby in a small field of 
twelve .starters, the time being 2:50. Don- 
>aster was sired by Stockwell. A dead heat 
for second place resulted between Gang 
Forward and Kaiser. 

1873. — George Grant, of Victoria. Kas., im- 
ported three Aberdeen-Angus bulls. 

1873. — First importation of Red Polled 
••attle into the United States by G. P. Taber. 
nf Paterson, N. J. 

1873. — ^Dr. Wm. McMurtrie, Chemist of the> 
Department of A.^riculture, commenced in- 
vestigation to determine suitable loeationri 
(or production of the sugar beet. 

1873. — Aberdeen-Angus cattle imported 
from Scotland by Mr. Grant, of Victoria, 
Kansas. 

1873, August 9th, ^Hubbard, the great race 
horse, established the two and three-quarter 
mile record at 4:58%. which stands to-day 
us the greatest performance of its kind. 
Uubbard was by Planet. 

1873, September 10th. — Shorthorn cattle 
sale at New York Mills. 110 head .sold for 
j:3.'^3,000. or an average of a tritle over 
?3,'1S2 per head. 

1873, September 10th. — .Seven-year-old 
Shorthorn bull Second Duke of Oneida, sold 
by Walcott & Campbell, of New York Mills, 
to T. J. Megibben for $12,000. 

1873, September 10th. — (Seven-year-old 
Shorthorn cow. Eighth Duchess of Geneva, 
sold at New York Mills lo R. Pavin Davis, 

of tlngland, for $10,000. 

1873, S?ptember 10th. — ^Seven-year-old 
Shorthorn eow. Tenth Duchess of Geneva, 
sold at New Y'ork Mills by W'alcott & 
Campbell to Earl Bective for $35,000. 

1873, September 10th. — Two-year-old 
Shorthorn eow. First Duchess of Oneida, 
sold at New York Mills by Walcott & Camp- 
bell to Lord Skelmersdale for $30, COO. 

1873, September 17th. — At Sacramento, 
(~"alif., Occident establishes a world's trot- 
ting record in 2:16%. 

1873, November 19th. — The St. Louis Na- 
tional Stock Vardn were officially opened as 
!i live stock market, although some stock 
had been receiivel and handled as early 
during the year as the latter part of June. 
The first ofiicers were: A. M. Allerton, Pres- 
ident and R. M. Moore, Secretary and Treas- 
urer. The first Board of Directors was 
oom posed of A.. M. Allerton, T. C. Eastman, 
John B. Dutcher, Alexander M. White, 
Andrew Pierce, Augustus Schell, A-zariah 
Boodl, Oscar Townsend, John B. Bowman, 
E. W. Woodward and William R. McKeen. 

1873.— At the clo.se of this year 397 places 
were enumerated as containing one or moi'e 
pork-packing establishments. 

1873. — A herd of fat beef cattle from the 
range oi^ Mofttana. driven by a Mr. Forbes to 
Ogden, iTtah, and shipped to Chicago. The 
cattle were ranged by Conrad Kohrs in the 
Sun River country. 

1873. — Paris green first used as a spray 
for fruit trees about this time. 



52 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1873. — I^owest wheat, in September, S9 
cens; highest, in July, .11-46. 

1874. — In this year the Wyoiriins Cattlo 
Growers' Association was organized. 

1874.--Mr. Cartwright's hon.se George 
Frederick captured the I]ng:lish Derby in 
the time of 2;4fi. George Fredericlv wa.s 
sired by Mar.syas. The winner of .second 
was Couronne de Fer. 

1874. — In February, the National I^ive 
'Stock Journal reported pure-blood Shorthorn 
bulls sold to Texas cattle raiwers who.se 
names are mentioned here: Capt. E. R. Stiff, 
of McKinney, Collin county; Capt. Richard 
Carr, also of Collin county; Capt. A. H. 
Shoemaker, of Decatur, Wise county; Capt. 
\V\m. A. Rheea, of Collin county; John D. 
Merchant and Elijah Einberson, of Denton 
county; Gilles Flippin, .Samuel Skinner, Geo. 
Herndon and H. M. Porvin, all of Denton 
county; and D. C Joidan, of Montague 
county. The importation was by W. R. 
Duncan, of McKinney, Texas. 

1874. — M. W. Dunham established an im- 
porting and breeiling farm for Peroheron 
liorses in DuPage county, Illinois. 

1874.- — First cotton-seed oil mill in Louisi- 
ana established at New Orleans. 

1874, July Ist. — \t a meeting held at 
Willis's Rooms, London, England, under the 
Presidency of the Duke of Devonshire, to 
consider the retirement of Mr. Henry Staf- 
ford as publisher of the Shorthorn Herd 
Book, a Shorthorn Society was formed, 
which, among other duties, undertook the 
7Tiaintaining and yearly issue of the Herd 
Book. 

1874.— Mr. H. F. Euren, of Norfolk, 
established the Knj^lish Ked Tolled Herd 
Book. 

1874, July I'Uh. — Three-quarters of a 
second was t.aken off the world's trotting 
record, which liad stood for two years, by 
Goldsmith's Maid at East Saginaw, Mich. 
This was in a race. The same year, against 
time, she further reduced it twice, the first 
time to 2:15iA at Buffalo, N. Y., August 
7th, and later at Mystic Park, Boston, Sep- 
tember 2d, to 2:11. Two full seconds were 
clipped off during this year, and all by the 
great daughter of Abdallah, 15. 

1874. — Colonel Wm. S. King Shorthorns at 
Dexter Park, Chicago, May 21st. Seventy- 
nine animals sold for an average of $l,6:i8 
per head. 

1874. — Lowest wheat, in October, 81% 
cents; highest, in April, $1.28. 

1874. — Herd Book of So-ith Wales cattle 
issued. The "Castle Martins," or Black 
Cattle or South Wales. 

1874. — The Buffalo cattle market received 
504,.jfl4 cattle in JS74 and shipped out 468.- 
f. 21 of them. At that time Buffalo was the 
second largest live stock market, receiving 
r.04,594 cattle, 1,431,800 hogs, 783,800 sheep 
and 21,936 horses. In 1866 Chicago passed 
Buffalo in cattle and hog receipts but not 
in sheep and horse receipts' until inueh 
later. 

1874. — First American Galloway Herd 
Book issued in Canada, bouglit in 1883 by 
American Galloway Breeders' Association 
and brought to the United States. 

1874. — The Cultivator and Country Gen- 
tleman, issue O'f October 29th, said: "English 
papers mention the arrival at Liverpool of 
270 head of cattle from America, by 
steamer, to be disposed of in the Liverpool 
market. The appearance of the cattle is 
spoken of as excellent. They weighed 1,800 
to 2,000 pounds, .and realized froni seventeen 
to twenty-nine pounds in English money. 
They sold for $82.28 to $140.36 per head in 
American money." 

1874, August J 3th. — Mambrina Gift be- 
comes the first 2:20 stallion by trotting the 
mile in that time at Rochester, N. Y. 

1874. — English Christmas beef was men- 
tioned in English papers of December, 1874, 
as being the highest in thirty years. The 
figures mentioned were from 14% to 22 ',4 
cents per pound. 

1874.— Alex No. 1, a Poland-China boar, 
and one of the earliest high-bred animals of 
the breed, sold by W. W. Greer, of Oxfiord, 
Ohio, to Klever Bios,, of Bloomsburg, Ohio. 




^\.\I.K ()\ i:i; I'()L.\N1)-CHINA TEAR- 
LING BOAR. Cliuiiipiun Indiana State Fair, 
190.5. Exliibited by Pumphrey Bros., of 
Burney, Ind. 



1874. — F. B. Redfield, of Batavia, N. Y., 
imported Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 

18«'5. — ^The Butrnan, originated by Mr. 
Clarendon Futman, of Maine, was the 
result of crossing the Hubbard squash with 
a Japanese race. It was the first American 
squash. 

1875, February 25th. — American Berkshire 
.Association organized at Springfield, 111. 
First organization to systematically record 
pedigrees of this breed. 

1875. — ^Prince Batthyany won the Snglish 
Uerb.v with tlie horse Gallopin, a son of 
A'edette. the time being 2:48. Claremont 
was second. 

1875, August 25th. — Two-year-old Short- 
horn bull, Duke of Connaught, sold at Dun- 
more, S'cotland, by Earl Dunmore to Lord 
Fitzhardinge for $26,904. 

1875. — Bailey's Shorthorn Reporter issued 
from oifice oi Mr. Allen, proprietor of the 
Shorthorn Herd Book. 

1875. — Dispersion sale of Shorthorn herd of 
Wm. Torr, deceased, tenant farmer of Ayles- 
Tiy, En.gland. Mr. Torr once said: "It takes 
thirty years to make a herd and bring it to 
one's notion of perfection." His eighty-five 
animals sold for .'?243,144.57, an average of 
$2,860.52 per head. 

1875, 4ugust 25th. — Earl Dunmore, of Stir- 
ling, Scotl.and, scld thirty-nine head of 
Shorthorns for $3,289 per head, including a 
bull, the Duke of Connaught, for $26,904. 
Highest prices were for oattle descended 
frori! American Shorthorns. 

1875, October 14th. — ^B. B. Groom & Son, 
of Winchester, Ky., imported Bates-bred 
Shorthorn cattle and held sale of these and 
others. Seventy-three head averaged $1,691 
per hea.d. 

1875. — ^First regularly organized E.xperi- 
ment Station in the United States established 
by the '-tate of Connecticut. 

1875. — ^I^owest wheat, S3V» ,cent,p, in Febru- 
ary; highest, in August, $1.30 J/o. 

1875. — In the Cultivator and Country 
Gentleinan of February, 1875, Hon. George 
Geddes, writing in regard to the cost of 
beef, said: "Within a mile of my own house 
lives a man who kills about fifty beef cattle 
every week. He Ijuys them in Buffalo and 
brings them by rail to Syracuse, then drives 
them to his own farin, there slaughters 
them and .sells their meat in Syracuse. 
Most of the.se cattle have long, wide horns 
and are called Clierokee cattle. They aver- 
aged in live weight from 1,000 to 1,100 
pounds and kill remarkably well, having 
lost in their long journey much of the 
fluids that helped to make up their weight 
where they were raised." The average cost 
to the buyer was four cents per pound at 
Buffalo. He sold the beef at nine cents per 
pound, the hide and tallow at current prices. 
Speakin.g of the New York farmers, Mr. 
tleddes said: 'Our farmers have found that 
to raise a steer to be three years old and 
more and sell his ineat at nine or ten cents 
per pound is losing money, and they leave 
the production of beef for our own inarkets 
to Texas, the Cherokee Indians, or whoever 
may like to do th.at kind of business." 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



53 



1875. — ^Southern-grown vegeta))les appear- 
ing in Northprn markets hesan to l\;ive im- 
portant effect about this lime. causini^ 
Northern growers to u.se more foroing 
house.s m competition with them. 

1875. — First shipment of Ainerican fresh 
beef to England by Timothy C. Eastman, ot" 
New York, in October of this year. 

1875. — Dr. Manley Miles built the first 
American silo for the storage of green 
fodder. 

1875. — Professor Carl Unde invented the 
ammonia compression machine, the ba.sis 
of successful modem refrigeration. 

1875. — An era of specialization in flower 
Knowing assumed considerable importance at 
this time. 

1875. — On January 20th of this year, 
.lohn B. Sherman, Superintendent of the 
ChicaKo Union Stock Yards', offered the 
use of Dexter Park Pavilion, when not 
otherwise occupied, for the purpose of 
holding public sal«}s of pure-bred stock. In 
order to prevent confusion in the inatter of 
dates, such sales were to be under the 
management of Geo. W. Rust & Co., pro- 
prietors of the National I^ive Stock Journal, 
which was the leading live stock paper in 
the United States during that period. 

1875. — In this year Mr. J. Moon, of Pey- 
tonville, Ark., selected seed from a single 
filant now called the Moon variety of long- 
staple upland cotton. 

1875. — First American Agricultural Kx- 
periment Station begun by Wesleyan Uni- 
\ersity, Middletown, Conn. 

IST.I. — Preparing ensilage begun in this 
country, though the Roman writers show 
that the process Is a very old one. 

1875. — R. W. Wilson, of California, planted 
fifty acres in beets, onions, lettuce and car- 
rots for seed purposes. First systematio 
development of the seed-growing industry 
on the Pacific Coast. 

1875, April l!th. — .\dvance, Hereford bull, 
bred by T. L. Miller, first bull recorded in 
.'\merican Hereford P.ecord. His sire. Suc- 
cess, 5,031, .an imported bull was recorded 
No. 2. 

1875. April 14th. — Sale of Shorthoras first 
held at West f^iberty, Iowa, by Mr. W. S. 
.Jacobs- Eighty-three cattle averaged $611. 

1875, .\pril 27th. — J. H. Pickrell sale of 
il^horthorn cattle. Twenty-three sold at an 
average of $1,265 per head. 

1875, July. — The famous Poland-China 
boar. Perfection, 447, bought by Oliver Pad- 
dock, of Indiana, from W. C. Hankinson, of 
Middletown, Ohio. 

1875.- -Dairy farmers began to skim their 
milk and sell only the cream to the cream- 
eries. 




CHAMPION HEREFORD COW at the 
Live Stock Show, Buenos Ayres, South 
America, 1906. Exhibited by Senor Pariera. 
This picture was obtained by Mr. C. R. 
Thoinas, Secretary of the American Here- 
ford Association, during a visit to Argen- 
tine. 



1875, August.— At New York Mills, Almon 
W. Oriswold sold thirty-three Shorthorns 
for an average of $1,097 per head. 



1875. — First important agricultural and 
live slotii show .at Palermo, neat- Buenos 
Ayres, in Sou'h America, given under the 
ausjiices ot the Rural Society. 

1876. — In this year I,. B. Harris, of Tom 
Creen county, Teax.s, drove 75,000 cattio 
from. Texas to Abilene, Kas., said to be the 
largest number driven by one outfit during 
the great days of the cattle trail. They 
v.ere driven in different herds or bands. 

1876. — Boone County White Corn, one of 
eight recognized varieties, originated with 
.lames Riley, of Thorntown, Ind. 

1876, January 12th. — The Philadelphia 
.Stock Vnrds Company started in busine:!s 
this date and went out of existence Decem- 
ber 31st, 1,S96, succeeded by the West Phlla- 
delpliia Stock Yards Company. 

1876. — Kisber, a son of Buccaneer, won the 
English Derby, the principal contender being 
the horse Forerunner. The time, 2:44, w.as 
fairly fast. Kisber was owned by Mr. A. 
Baltazzi. 

1876, August 26th. — Smuggler reduces the 
world's trotting stallion record for one mile 
to 2:15'/; at Hartford, C:onn. 

1876. — At a poultry exhibit at Bangor, 
Maine, six white fowls were exhibited, called 
Snow Flakes and Dirigos. They were after- 
wards admitted to the poultry standard as 
White Pljinouth Rocks. 

1876. — It was about the year 1876 when 
the cattle raiser obtained the benefits of 
the beef-canning business. The salt-beef 
trade had been very unsatisfactory for years. 
The immense number of inferior to fair 
grade cattle required some new outlet or 
would be practically unsalable. In this 
einergency George Brougham, an .-Australian, 
arrived in Chicago, bringing with him a 
practical knowledge of the beef-canning busi- 
ness, which had not been previously known 
or followed in CTiicago. Mr. A. A. Libby, of 
the firm of Libby, McNeil & Libby, employed 
Brougham and placed a fine article of 
canned beef on the market, and by the year 
1877 the firm had furnished a market <'or 
100,000 cattle a year. The B^airbank Can- 
ning Company and .Armour & Co. soon be- 
came large operators in the canned-beof 
trade. 

1876. — ^The Agronomic Institute of Parts. 
Uie highest ii^stitution giving agricultural 
instruction in France, first opened to students. 

1876. .August 10th. — The eight-year-old 
Shorthorn bull, 14th Duke of Thorndale, sold 
at Paris, Ky., by George M. Bedford to Levi 
Gofi'. 

1876. — Percheron-Nomian Stud Book issued, 
afterwards ca.led the Percheron Stud Book. 

1876. — At the St. Louis Fair in this year 
Mr. Albert Rhodes, of Bridgeton, St. Louis 
county. Mo., had 125 varieties of apples on 
exhibition. 

1876. — Herd of Shorthorns established at 
Linwontl. Kas., by Colonel W. A. Harris. 

1876.- Charles Goodnight and John G. 
.Adair, pioneer cattle raisers in the Texas 
Panhandle, moved there from Colorado. Mr. 
Goodnight had previously ranged in Palo 
I'lnto county, Texas. 

1876.- -National Norman Horse Association 

I'rqganized. 

1876. — In the winter of this year the out- 
fit of Causey i.^:; West operating around 
Yellow House Canyon, killed and skinned 
7,000 buffalo. This was the last grand stand 
of the immense herd, several million strong, 
that used to range between the Texas fron- 
tier settlements and the staked plains. 

1876, .September 16th. — Ten Broeck. the 
famous race horse, established the record 
for two and flve-ci.ghths miles at 4:58 VS. 
This re('ord was made at the old Lexington 
track. 

1876. — In tlie fa'I of 1S76 Mr. G. F. Swift 
shipped from Chicago to Boston two cars of 
refrigerated beef. The establishment of the 
■Treat house oj' Swift * Company dates from 
this time. The two cars went fcrward on 
a train which was mostly made up of stock 
cars. Dressed beef had been shipped before, 
but tills shipment \\as followed up immedi- 
ately and developed into an immense trade. 

1876. — John S. Harris, of California, later 
of Oakley, Idaho, imported Angora goats. 



54 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1876. — Beginning of low prices for cotton. 

TTpland middling on New York market, 
highest of thie year, 18% cents per pound; 
iowesit, 10 T', cents. 

1876. — The germ theoi-y of disease settled 
and accepted by veterinarians about this 
time. 

1876. — T\\e Journal of Commerce of New 
York, of December .■?Oth, 1S76, said that the 
average price for the average grade of 
beeves for the year was $11.13 per lOD 
pounds dressed weight. The hide and tallow 
went to the butcher. 

1876. — Lowest wlieat, in July, S3 cents; 
highest, $].?6^4, in December. 

1877. — The first number of the Fann and 
Fireside, an important and meritoiious ilUis- 
7 rated farm and family journal, was issued 
in this month at Springfield, Ohio. P. P. 
Mast & Co. were proprietors; J. S. Crowell, 
Manager; and T. .1. Kirkpatrick, Editor. 
The paper was started as a semi-monthly at 
r.O cents per year. 

18)7. — Rutherford B. Hayes, President of 
the United States, and served four years. 

1877. — American Association of Importc-s 
and Breeders of Belgian Draft Horses organ- 
ized. J. D. Connor, Jr., of Wabash, Secre- 
tary. 

1877.--Tn this year Prof. E. H. Jenkins 
began testing seeds at the Connecticut Ex- 
periment Station. 




JAMEB C. LOVING, of Lost Valley, Jack 
county, Texas. In the organization of the 
Northwest Texas Cattle Raisers' Association, 
in the year 1877, the matter of suppressing 
cattle thieve.'? on the range and the recovery 
of stolen cattle in market was placed in the 
hands of JAMEIS C. LOVING, Secretary, who 
held the office for many years. Under his 
management the association became the 
greatest live stock organization in the United 
States of America, first embracing the whole 
state of Texas and later including a mem- 
bership from Oklahoma, New Mexico and 
Arizona. 



1877, February. — The Northwestern Texas 
Cattle Raisers' Association oranized at Gr.i- 
ham. in Young county, with C. L. Carter, 
President, and J. C. Loving, Secretary. Tiiis 
organization was afterwards enlarged to in- 
clude the whole state, becoming the Texas 
Cattle Raisers' Association. 

1877. — The Book on Swine Husbandry by 
Hon. F. D. Coburn, of Kansas, is.sued in this 



> ear. had great influence in guiding and 
stimulating the production of hogs for 
market. 

1877, May 29th. — The classic race horse 
'fen Broeck, a marvel of hi stime, went two 
miles ovec the Louisville track against time 
in 3:27 'i. It was a most phenomenal per- 
iornance for the period. Ten Broeck was 
by Imported I'haeton. 

1«77.--Cl>'desdale Stnd Book of Scotland 
inauguated. 

1877. — Galloway .Society established in 
Great Britain. 

1877, November 0th and 10th. — First Short- 
horn sale at K.ansas City held by T. Oorwin 
.Anderson, of Mount Sterling, Kentucky. 

1877. — ^Clydesdale Society of America or- 
S^anized. Fir.-^t Stud Book issued in 18S2. 

1877. — Mr. LeDuc. Commissioner of Agri- 
culture, introduced the "Zevinga." a Japanese 
variety of sugar cane, into the United States. 

1877. — Great Eastern, bay gelding, by Wal- 
kiU, dam Hamill mare, by Riley's Consterna- 
tion, msde the mile trotting record under 
saddle of 2:15, which record stands to-day, 
this fa.shion o fracing having fallen into 
disuse. 

1877. — Lowest wheat, in August, $1.01 y.; 
highest, in May, .$ 1.761/,. 

1877.- -In September of this year a herd of 
cattle was driven from Yankton, Dakota, to 
the Cheyenne River Agency, thirty-five iniles 
ahovp Fort Pierre, for the purpose of dis- 
tributing them to the Indians to replace the 
jionies which had been captured from them 
ill the campaign following the Custer mas- 
sacre. The herd consisted of five bulls and 
.'.;.0 two-yearold heifers. The officer receiv- 
ing ana delivering the cattle under contract 
was Lieutenant F. W. Mansfield, Eleventh 
United States Infantry, and the herd was in 
rharge of Mr. Philip H. Hale, editor of The 
History of .Agriculture by Dates, who was 
then an employe of the United States Quar- 
lermaster'.-^ Department. This was the be- 
irinning of domestic cattle raising on the 
part of the Indians of the Northwest. 

1S77.--T oi-d FalmoutVi's Silvio won the 
lOng'isli Derb.v, liis principal contender being 
Glen .Arthur, which finished second. Silvio 
x\as sired by Blair Athol. The tiine was 2:50. 

1877. — The Champaign County Gazette of 
Illinois, of October, 1,S77, reports the sale of 
7 00 head of grass-fed steers by Mr. B. F. 
Harris to Monroe & Son, of Albany, N. Y.. 
iif whicii the firsi 400 head shipped averaged 
1,450 pounds, the others, equally as good, to 
follow. The report at the time was that Mr. 
Harris so'.d the steers at five cents per 
iiound, live weight, delivered at the railway 
station. 

1877. — In this year the Chicago Drovers' 
.Tournal mentioned that an enterprising can- 
ning firm had received an order from the 
IJussian governmtnt for every can of beef 
(hey could put up in a year. This was the 
beginning of the large orders which packers 
have occasionally obtained to clear away the 
inferior grades of cattle and which could not 
be bought for any other purpose. 

1877, October. — Tom Corwin, 571, one of 
the (ar'y famous Poland-China boars, ijought 
by W. O. Peveal, of Clermont, Ind., of James 
Duflield, of Somerville, Ohio. 

1878. — The National Live Stock Journal 
mentioned a Champaign county (Illinois) 
farmer who in April, 1.S7S, bought a lot of 
t,040-p<)und steers for $3.75 per 100 pounds 
as feeders and returned them to the Chicago 
market, December 10th of the same year, 
weighing 1.4S0 pounds. He sold thein at 
S4.12V^ per 100 pounds. This was before the 
dressed-beef houses were in the business. 

1878, August 3d. — 'After four years of 
reign as Queen of the Trotting Turf, Gold- 
smith's Maid was dethroned by Rarus. who, 
driven b.v .lohn Splan, at Buffalo. N. Y., 
brought the trotting record to 2:13%. He 
was a bay e-eiding by Conklin's Abdallah, his 
dam by Telegraph. 

1878. — The Pictot Artificial Ice Company 
fitted up a building in Greenwich street. 
New York City, for the purpose of holding 
fruits in cold storage for the people. 

1878. August 7th. — Sleepy George makes 
a world's record bj' pacing a mile in 2:15 at 
: Rochester, N. Y. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



55 



1878. — Galloway Society of Scotland pub- 
lished (irst volume of pedlRrees. 

1878. — The liamanas rose sent to America 
trom Japan oy Thomas Hogg about this 
time. 




U01,L\ lilAJOM — (jueuihe> cow. One of 
the mo.st famous of that great dairy breed. 



1878. — American Guernsey Cattle Club or- 

tranizecl in this year. 

1878. — English Shire Horse Society formed 
and a stud book provided for. 

1878. — First American Fat Stock Show. 
Champion beet animal, the Shorthorn steer 
John Slierman, exhibited by Colonel John D. 
Gillett, of Kikhart, Ind. 

1878. Hog prices at Chicago, January 1st, 

1S7S: lle.avy shipping hogs, .$2.75 to $2.;i5 
per 100 pounds; heavy packing, $2.60 to 
>2.70: light hacon grades, $2.70 to $2.75; 
skips and culls, $;.50 to $2.25 per 100 pounds, 

1878. — Young Perfection 631, one of the 
hest I'olund-Cliina boars of his day, sold by 
Joseph Morton, of Oxford, Ohio, to D. M. 
Magie, of the same place. 

1878.- I^owesl wheat, in October, 77 cent.s; 
highest, in April, $1.14. 

1878. — The record for .a ten-mile trotting 
race was made by Controller, a son of Gen- 
eral Taylor. The time was 27;23V4. and was 
the hest, in a race since 1S53. 

1878.- -Anderson t Findlay, of Lake Forest, 
111., imported Aberdeen-Angus cattle. 

1878.-Mr. .r J. Gregory, of Marblehead, 
Mass.. an authority on the subject, esti- 
mated 7 000 acres as the total are;i devoted 
to commercial seed growing. 

1878. — The Knglish Derby was won by Mr. 
Crawford's horse Sefton, sired by Speculum. 
The time was slow, being 2:56. Insulaire 
ran a good second. 

1879. — On the IMst day of October the 
business career of the Slatador Cattle Com- 
pany he.gan, with headquarters at Teepee 
City, Motley county, Texas. Judge H. U. 
(Paint) i~^rnpbell was General Manager. 

1879. — The Shorthorn steer Nichols, three 
.vears old, champion at American Fat Stfick 
•Shovv, exhibited hy .T. H. Graves. 

1879. — .'American Hereford Herd Book 
founded at F.eecher, 111., by T. I.. MiMer. 

1879. — Dark days of the Shorthorn cattle 
breeding and speculative interests. 2,S0.5 
Shorthorns sold at an average price of $115 
per head. 

1879. — Ijowest wheat, in January, SI 14 
tents; highest, in December, $1.33 %■ 

1879. — The Allen I.ong Staple, an upland 
cotton introduced by Mr. J. B. Allen, of Port 
Gibson, Miss. This caused a marked advance 
in the development of long-staple upland 
cotton. This variety came from a single 
stalk of Bohemian cotton, a Louisiana variety, 
origin unknown, and from this developed 
several other seed cotton varieties originated 
by Mr. Allen. 

1879. — In February of this year, in the 
Cultivator and Country Gentleman, a refer- 
ence was made to the Chicago Live Stock 
Reporter, which thinks that the driving of 
Texas cattle up the trail will soon cease. 
This opinion i? ba-sed on the fact that a 



large shipment of Texas cattle had been 
received at Chicago from S. R. Hilbourn, of 
Waxahachic, Texas, who had fed them there 
on Texas corn. 

1879. Sir Levys, a horse by Favcrius, won 
the KngliKh Derby for Mr. Acton. The time 
was the slovvst in the history of this great 
classic, being 3:02. Tlie field consisted of 
twenty-three horses. 

1879. -The National Live Stock Journal of 
Chicago, of June. lS7!t, writing on the price 
of lieef cattle, said that a g<ind steer would 
sell for $5.00 per 100 pounds in Chicago, and 
ih.at first-class steers would bring more. The 
item began by saying there was discourage- 
ment, depression, .sometimes present loss In 
the production of a number of prominent 
farm products, but cattle were an exception. 

1879. — From an aimual review of the live 
stock trade oi' ("hicago for 1S7!1: "Early in 
the year the e.vport trade in live cattle with 
Great Brit;iin was brought to a sudden check 
! y reguKations which prohibited our ship- 
ments from entering their ports, except 
tinder such restrictions as practically ended 
all business in this direction, thus reducing 
the shipments of live cattle abroad to a 
minimum, but the increased exports of 
dressed and canned beef bv the refrigerator 
system have fully made up the dificit." 

1879. --The date -f the opening of the prin- 
cipal becf-pac\ing liouses is a very import- 
ant item, lipcause there begins the general 
stability of the beef trade. Nelson Morris .t 
(^o. commenced business in a portion of their 
))resent packing !\ouse at Chicago on June 7, 
iS71). The Fairbank Canning Company, which 
was under the same management and control 
fis Nelson Morris <& CVj., started canning 
meats about two weeks later. Mr. Nelson 
Morris previously owned and conducted a 
slaughtering house on the Chicago lake 
front. 




DR. CARL Gi:STAF P.VTRICK DE LAVAL, 
of Stockholm, Sweden, inventor of the Cen- 
trifugal Cream Separator. 



1879. — Centrifugal cream separator in- 
vented by Dr. Gustav De Laval, of Stock- 
holm. Sweden. Great benefit to dairy inter- 
ests, enabling the separation of cream from 
the milk while both are sw-eet and fresh 
from the cow. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1879. — iSt. Julien placed the trotting: record 

at 2:11'%. The performance was made at 
Oakland, Calif., the horse being driven by 
Orrin Jlickok. He was a bay gelding by 
Volunteer, dam by Henry Clay, 45. 




ST. JUL.IEN. 2:1114,. — Schreiber photo. 



1879, November 19th. — The trotting: stand- 
ard adopted. 

1879, December 3d. — At Billerica, Mass., on 
"Willing Farm," owned by Mr. Jno. M. 
Bailoy, the first American silo was opened in 
the presence of a distinguished gathering of 
agri'ulturist.s. ofhcials and editors. The silo 
oonitaincd I'iO tons of ensilage. The experi- 
ment was a success, and with the exception 
of two or three inches at the top, whicli was 
musty, the silage was good and readily eaten 
by stock. 

1880. — ,1. B. Evans, an enterprising farmer 
in Caipe Colony, South Africa, went to 
-Vngora, in Asia Minor, and obtained the 
linest specimens of the Ang:ora goat whicli 
up to that lime liad leiched the colony. 

1880. — White Superior, a standard variety 
of corn, originated in this year by P. R. 
TJperry, of Monmouth, Til. 

1880. — As-ociation of official agricultural 
chemists organized. 

1880. — ^Special contest of baling: presses for 
hay and straw at New York State Pair. First 
prize awarded to AVhitman Agricultural Com- 
panj'^ of St. Louisa Mo., the same firm win- 
ning four succe.ssive years. 

1880.- -Brown Swiss cattle breeders organ- 
ized and commenced publication of a herd 
record. 

1880. — Center of population of the United 
States, eight miles west by south of Cincin- 
nati. Ohio. 

1880.— Last class for four-j ear-old beef 
steers at American Fat Stock Shows. 

1880. — The Shorthorn steer Nels Morris, 
weighing .3,12.5 pounds, exhibited by Mr. 
John B. Sherman at the ITnion Stock Yards. 

1880.— Importation of Gothland swine from 
Sweden by Mr. S. V. Anderson. 

1880. — First volume of the English Stud 
Koolc for Shire or Cart Horses pulilished. 

1880. April 29th. — .American Jersey Catlte 
Club incorporated by Richard M.Hoe. Thomas 
H. Faile, Wm. B. Dinsmore, Erastus Corning, 
.lohn D. Wing, Samuel .1. .Sharpies, John 
Carter Brown, William S. Taylor, Joseph H. 
Reiman. John Hoey, Edwin Thorpe and Her- 
bert M. Howe. 

1880. — On June 23th of this year the 
Herman government issued an edict prohibit- 
ing the importation of "chopped or in a 
similar mnnner divided or prepared pork, 
and of sausages of all kinds, from America." 

1880. — The American Wonder, a dwarf 
pea, produced this year, was a combination 
of McLean's Little Gem and the chaniipion of 
New England. It was a distinct ste-p in the 
improvement of pea culture. 

1880. — First fencing in the Panhandle of 
Texas on the ranch of Adair & Goodnight. 
The barbed wire cost nine cents a pound. 



1880. — Mr. E. Moullee, of Jacksonville, Fla., 
started a perfumery fai-m at San Mateo, of 
that state, using orange and lemon fruits 
and flowers'. 

1880.^-The United States Census reported 
4,nos,907 farms in the Fnited States, an in- 
crease cf 1,3.S4,922 in ten years. 

1880. — The Elberta peach (Chinese Cling) 
introduced into the Southern States. 

1880. — ^Center of the number of farms in 
the L'nited States, twenty-one miles south by 
east of <'incinnati, Ohio, in Kenton county, 
Kentucky. 

1880. — The Duke of Westminster captured 
the Aineri«-an l>erby with the great horHe 
Ben d'Or, by Doncaster. Robert, the DevU, 
was seiond, and the time was 2 46. 

1880. — Mr. Gulian P. Rixford, of the San 
Francisco (Calif.) Bulletin, imported cuttings 
of the best varieties of Smyrna figs from 
Smyrna, in .'Xsia Minor. This importation 
^vas a failure, supposedly owing to bad faith 
on the part of the Smyrna fig growers who 
;olrl the cuttings. 

1880, \pril. — George B. I^oving commenced 
publication of Texas I..ive Stock Journal at 
Wealherford. 




GEORGE B. LOVING, of Fort Worth. 
Texas, in publishing the Texas Live Stock 
Journal, the first ranchman's papei', invited 
the attention of the world to the ranch 
cattle industry and more especially to the 
cattle-raising interests of Texas. He was 
the son of a pioneer cattleman, Oliver 
Loving, who lost his life in defending his 
herd from Indians on the Chisum cattle trail. 



1880, .August 12th.- -Maud S. made her ap- 
pearance as trotting champion at Rochester, 
N. Y., where, driven by W. W. Blair, she 
look a full second off the trotting record, 
coing the mile in 2:1154. She was a chest- 
nut mare by Harold, dam Miss Russell, by 
P'lot. Jr.. and in her six-year-old form. 
Fifteen days later St. Julien reduced the 
mark to 2:11 Vj at Hartford, Conn. Beforo 
the year was out Jlaud S. again assumed the 
record by a mile at Chicago, III., in 2:10%. 

1880, September 16th. — Goat Show at Alex- 
andra P.alace. North London, supported by 
the Biriiish Goat Society. 

1880. — Durin,g the week ending November 
?Oth, the record for a week's receipts of hogs 
was made by Chicago, 111. The total was 
.S00,488 head. 

1880. — During November, record receipts of 
hogs for a month were made at Chicago, 111, 
The record is 1,111,997 head. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



57 



1880. — Lowest wheat. In August, 
cents; hlghesr, in January, $1.32. 




MATIJ_,D.\, Ith — Famou.s Jersey cow. From 
nhoto by Schreiber. 



18S1. — In the January, ISSl, issue the 
Kan.sas City l^ive Stock Indicator reported 
that J. O." Jones, of Coiorado, had sold 
:<0.000 c.ittle 10 Towers, Gudgell & Smart at 
S17 iier head, calves counted. 

1881. — First improved stock car originated 
!>y Mr. A. C. Mathers. 

1881, March 1st. — Fir.st recorded contriv- 
ance for mechanically pressing: silai:e, pat- 
ented by Levi H. Whitney, of Lowell, Mass. 

1881, March .''.th. — First number of the 
Chicago Horseman issued, with E. L. Stowe 
as editor. 

1881. — ^The Ens:lish Derby went to Pierre 
Lorillavd's gran<l race horse Iroquois, by 
l^eamington, with Peregrine second. Time, 
l':50. 

1881. — Apricot, or Simon Plum, native to 
(^hin.a, introduced into this country. 

1881. — James A. Garfield, President of the 
United States, and served until he died, Sep- 
tember 19th, from wounds inflicted by the 
assassin. 

1881. — Mechanical Refrigerating Company 
opened a commercial cold-storage plant in 
Boston, markitig the beginning of mechanical 
refrigeration in regard to horticulture. 

1881. — The first iron greenhouse in the 
Ignited i^tates eercted this year. 

1881, June L'L'd. — .\merican Hereford Cattle 
Ureeders' Association organized. C. M. Cul- 
bertson. President: T. E. Miller, Secretary. 

1881, July lOlh. — Swannanoe, an aged 
horse hy Red Dick, established the mile 
record of 1:50 in a hurdle race at Brighton 
Beach, N. Y. He cairied 120 pounds. 

1881, Jiiiy 19th. — Speculation, a running 
hoise by Daniel Boone, ran a mile and a 
half o\er hurdles at the Brigton Beach 
Course. New York, in 2:47. The same time, 
under the same circumstances and at the 
>ame place, v>.as made bj' Kitty Clark, by 
Olenelg, on .-Xugust 2:jd, the same year. 

1881, August 11th. — Trotting record reduced 
twice b.v Maud S., finally placed at 2:10'/i 
at Rochester. N. Y. 

I881.--Turkey prohibited the exportation 
of .'Vngora goats. 

1881.-— "The coming American cow will be 
of the Shorthorn type and hornless." — Hon. 
L. .N. Bonham. 

1881.— John D. Gilletfs red Shorthorn bul- 
lock McMuUen, champion of American Fat 
Stock Show, weighing 2,095 pounds. 

1881. — Stud Book issued in France for the 
Xivernais (black) draft horses. 

1881. — Little Brown Jug, brown gelding, 
hy Gibson's Tom Hal, dam Lizzie by John 
Netherland, redu.-ied the mile pacing record 
to 2:ll-';4. This at Hartford, Conn., August 
LMth. 

1881. — Breeders' Gazette established at 
Chicago by Mr. .T. H. Sanders. 

1881. — Lowest wheat, in January, 95% 
cents; highest, in October, $1.43%. 

1882. — The sweet pea began to be placed 
in flower seed catalogues about this time. 



1882. — In his American Orchardist, James 
Thatcher ."ays: "The seeils for planting 
should always lie selected from the most 
highly-cultivated fruit and the finest and 
riiiest sjiecimen of su<h variety." 

1882, January. — A large hog was exhibited 
at Junction City, Kansas, said to weigh 
1,532 pounds. 

1882. -H. H. Haaf, of Chicago, formerly of 
Henry count;-'. Illinois, began a series of 
articles in favor of dehorning cattle. 

1882, February 22d.- Ohio Spanish Merino' 
.'^heep Bieederf.' .Vssociation organized at 
Columbus, Ohio. G. B. Quinn. President; H. 
C. Den\er. First Vice-President; B. W. Bell. 
Second Vice- {'resident : ("apt. .1. G. Blue, Sec- 
retary; Wm. Kennedy, Treasurer. 

1882.— Brienzi. PIS, a noted Brown Swiss 
cow, iniporied this year. She became the 
most noted cow of the breed in this country. 
At eleven ypars old she weighed 1,410 
pounds. Her three-day show record was 81.7 
pounds of milk per day, contaJning 3.11 
pounds of butler-fat, equal to 3% pounds of 
merchantable butter each day. 

1882, February. — In this month the great 
eight-year-old white steer. Nels Morris, that 
had been exhibited at several Chicago Fat 
Stock .Shows, w;is slaughtered. His gross 
weight was :.',S,SO pounds, and he dressed 
2,076 pounds. 

1882, March. — In this spring a feature of 
the live stock trade of Chicago was tho 
arrival of large numbers of stock eattie 
from Western Pennsylvania. This indicated 
the local abandonment of cattle laising as 
a business and the weakness of the seaboard 
markets as regards an.vthing except choice 
cattle and calves. 

1882, April. —Sheep sold at the Chicago 
market at *,s..iO per 100 pounds, highest price 
on record. 

1882. — "I>a\is" Victoria swine given a class 
at Illinois State Fair. C>riginated by George 
.■<■'. Davis, of Dyer, Ind. Combination of 
Poland-China. Chester White, Berkshire and 
American, or White .Suffolk. 




THE FIRST TU.VIX OF GR.A9S TEXAS 
CATTLE to sell at seven cents per pound 
were sold by Hunter, Evans & Co. on the 
St. Louis market. The picture is that of 
MR. M. P. BUEaj, of the firm of Hunter, 
E^ans & Co. 



1882, May. — .V train of Te.xas cattle shipped 
by Colonel C. C. Slaughter, of Dallas, sold on 
the St. Louis market at seven cents per 
pound. 

1882, June. — Native beef cattle sold at 
Chicago on the general market at $9.30 per 
pounds. 

1882, July 25th. — At Saratoga, N.Y., Ben 
d'Or, by Buckden. placed the record for a 
mile aiid live hundred yards at 2:10%- 

1882, September. — Heavy hogs sold up to 
$9.35 per 100 pounds at Chicago; highest 
price on record. 



58 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1882. — First Ensilage Congress held in New 
York City. It was resolved that the ensilage 
'-ysteni is of great advantaere to the farming 
interest and to all mankind. 

188'J. — John D. Gillett's Shorthorn steer 
second time victor at the American Fat Stock 
Show, having gained 470 pounds during the 
year. Show weight, 2,56& pounds. 

1882, November 9th. — The mile and a 
quarter raee reeord over hurdles was placed 
at 2:lfi by Rourke Cochran, a horse by War 
Dance. Thi.s time was made at Brighton 
Beach, N. Y. 

1882. — One of the early farm newspaper 
articles concerning the great packing houses 
appeared in llie Ciountry Gentleman, of 
Albany, N. Y., December 7th, 1SS2, as fol- 
lows; "A single meat faetory, so to speak, 
the noted estali'lishment of Armour & Co., 
with its army of .'5,000 employes, disposes of 
every day of 700 or SOO cattle, mostly 
Texans, and S.OOO to 12,000 hogs, every one 
of which is slain on the premises and 
worked up into all possible products, hardly 
an ounce of the whole vast bulk going 
entirely to waste. A visit to this establish- 
ment is of the utmost interest to those who 
care to see the wonderful results that can 
he accomplished by systein, division of labor, 
co-operation and the employment of steam- 
driven machinery for the relief of human 
inuscle." 

1H82.— Lowest wheat, in December, 91% 
cents; highest, in April, $1.40. 

1882. — .Shotover, owned by the Duke of 
Westminster, won the IQnglish llerby in 
2:45 ;l-5, Quicklime finishing second. 

1882. — The tuberculin test for tuberculosis 
first seriously considered as practical by Dr. 
D. E. Salmon. Chief of the United States 
Bureau of Animal Industry. 

1883. — Onnonde, the thorougliltied, was 
foaled at Baton Hall, seat of the Duke of 
Westminster. He died at Menlo Park, Cali- 
fornia, twenty-one years later. He started 
in sixteen races and won them all, Incluling 
the English Derby, two thousand guineas, 
and .St. Ledger. Wm. O'Brien McDonough, 
of California, paid $l.''iO,000 for him. He 
was a majestic bay, IG.l hands, and con- 
sidered to be the grandest thoroughbred of 
his di'.y. 

1883.— The Wyandotte breed of fowls re- 
ceived their name in this year. It was pro- 
posed by Mr. Houdlette at Worcester. Mass. 
The breed w.as originated by Mr. John P. 
Ray. of Hemlock, N. Y., by a cross of a 
Sebright Bantam male with a yellow 
"Chitatong," which he named Sebright 
Cochins. Rev. A. S. Baker and Mr. Benson 
also produced similar fowls. 

1883.— Roan Boy, Shorthorn steer, cham- 
pion of .\merican Fat Stock Show. Exhib- 
itetl by C. M. Culhertson, of Newman, 111. 

1883. — Peter Collier, of New York, patented 
an invention for recovering sugar from be- 
gasse, or refuse of sugar cane and sor- 
ghum. 

1883. — American Red Polled Cattle Society 
organized. J. C. Murray, of Maquoketa, 
Iowa, Secretary. 

1883. — 'BMrst volume of the North Wales 
Black Cattle Herd Book issued; the second 
in l.SSfi. 

1883. — Perelieron Horse Stud Book estab- 
lished in Fr;ince. 

1883, April l.'^th. — R. Gibson, of Delaware, 
Ontario, and Rigdon, Huston & Son sold 
kStlorthoms at Dexter Park, Chicago, and 
thirty-two animals were sold for $33,645, 
an average of $1,11 1.115. The highest animal 
in the sale was the First Duchess of Hill- 
ilale, sold to Charles DeGraff, of Winona, 
Minn., for $C,000. 

1883. — De liaval cream separators first In- 
troduced and sold in the United States. 

1883. — First year that middling upland 
cotton reached 20 cents per pound in New 
York City. 

1883. — ^The Grove, 3d, Hereford bull, at 
nine years old sold by B. Rogers for $4,250, 
in England. 

1883, April 19th. — Two Shorthorn sales: 
Launcelot Palmer's Scotch at Dexter Park, 
Chicago; twenty-five head averaged .$625. 
Bow Park i Bates cattle, thirty-six head, 
averaged $325.55. 



1883. — ^I.owest wheat, in October, 90 
cents; highest, in June, $1,131/2. 

1883. — St. Blaise, the fainous race horse 
and sire, won the English Derby for Sir F. 
.lohnstone. the time being 2:48 2-5. He was 
the second son of Hermlit in succession that 
won the Derby. 

1883, September 3d. — Jay-Eye-See trots in 
2:10% at Providence, Fl. I., establishing the 
world's gelding record. 

1883. — The Allen Shorthorn cattle records 
purchased by the American Shorthorn 
Breeders' Association for $25,000. 

1883. — The Ijondon Mark Lane Express 
says: "The dead-meat traHic is beating the 
li\e-catf!e traffic in the United States, and it 
would boat it in the trans- Atlantic business 
if it had fair play." 

1884. — The Bureau of Animal Industry 
established to investigate and report upon 
domestic animal diseases. 

1884. — At the St. Louis Cattle Growers' 
Con\eniion, held in No\ember, 1S84, Mr. <". 
R. WetKel, Assistant Secretary of the Colo- 
rado Cattle Growers' Association, said: "At 
this time there is an irrepressible conflict 
betvveen the live stock shippers and the 
slaughterers. Tlie live stock dealer, the 
middleman, is only a speculator, and the 
middleman must go, and the two controlling 
and only elements of the beef trade of the 
country will be narrowed down to the ranch- 
men and the sla,ughterers." 

1884. — At the Cattlemen's Convention, 
held at St. Louis, November 17, 1884, Mr. 
Isaac H. Knox, then President of the St. 
Louis National Stock Yards, said: "It is 
one thine' to kill cattle and another to dis- 
pose of the product. Slaughtering is the 
cheapest part of the whole business; the 
Ibinsr is to find a market. To sell the 
refrigerated product requires agencies and 
cold-storage houses in the East, and as it 
costs at least $1,500 to build the smallest 
kind of a cold-storage house, it can easily 
be understood that to conduct a business cf 
such a character requires enormous cap- 
ital.' This was in the early days of the 
dressed-beef business. 

1884. — .\t the St. Louis Cattle Growers' 
Convention, held in Nbvember, 1SS4, Mr. H. 
I... Faust, of Salt Lake City, said: "In addi- 
tion to the other schemes to be considered 
we will present the question of refrigerator 
cars. It is one of the utmost importance to 
the beef consumers of the East. If we could 
slaughter out We.9t, instead of shipping our 
live cattle to the East, it would be an 
enormous saving to the consumer." 

1884. — In this year a Shropshire record 
was established in Indiana by Mortimer 
Levering, Albert Henderson, Walter J. 
Quick, John L. Thompson, I. J. Parquhar, 
Geo. Allen, Sr., and W. C. Latta. The 
association was anti is known to-day as the 
American Shropshire Registry Association. 

1884. — A variety of long-staple upland 
cotton named "Cook," after the originator, 
was .selected this year in a field of ordinary 
cotton by Mr. W. M. Cook, of Newman, 
Miss. Extensively cultivated in the Delta 
Region of M'ississippi. 

1884. — Beginning of four-years' low prices 
of wheat. I>owest price for No. 2 cash 
wheat, in December. 69 Vo cents; highest of 
the year, in Fel)ruary, 96 cents. 

1884. — A dead heat was run in the 
English Derby between Mr. .1. Hammond's 
.great horse, St. Gatien, by Rotherhill, and 
Sir J. Willoughby's Harvester, by Stirling. 
The time was 2:46 1-5. This was the first 
time in history that the Derby went unde- 
cided. 

1884. April. — National Stockman, published 
at East Liberty, Pa., mentionis 114 1/2 -pound 
Delaine Merino slieep fed by James McClel- 
land, of Cannonsburg, Pa., which sold at 
seven cents r^er pound. 

1884. May Sth. — The National Dickinson 
Spanish Merino Register incorporated in 
Ohio by .lames McDowell, H. G. McDowell, 
Wm. Beecher, Henry Everhard, G. W. Hel- 
denbrand and A. C. McDowell. 

1884, May 19th. — National Meetting of 
Wool (jlrowers presided over by Hon. C. 
Delano at Chicago. 

1884. — Buulonnais Stud Book established 
in France. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



59 



1884, June 1 llh and 12th. — A. C. Hamilton 
held a sale of Shorthorns at his farm near 
I-exingrton. Ky., at which an average of 
$832. SO was made on in!) head. 




JAY-EYK-SKE. — ^Pioture taken in his old 
age. This famous black gelding by Dictator 
was thfe first :i:10 trotter, having trotted a 
mile in that time in ISSl. Eight years later, 
in l.S!)2, having changed his gait, he took a 
record of 2:0^ii4 as a pacer. He is there- 
lore champion combination trotter and pacer 
of the world. 



1884, August 1st. — Jay-Eye-See. a black 
gelding, became the first 3:10 trotter, estab- 
lishing that record at Providence. R. T. 
He was a son of I>ictator, his dam Midnight. 
i>y Pilot, Jr.. and was driven by Edward 
Either. The ncKt day Maud S., driven 
against time at Cleveland, Ohio, set the 
mark at 2:09%, and later in the year, at 
Lexington, Ky., brought it to 2:00%. 

1884, August 2Slh. — At Jjeominster, Eng- 
land, the Hereford bull Lord Wilson, at nine 
years old. sold for $20,000. 

1881.— -Clarence Kirklevington, the 2,400,- 
pound i^hite Shorthorn, won the champion- 
ship at the Chicago Fat Slock Show. 

1884. — National Norman Horse Association 
incorporated under name of National French 
Draft Horse Association. 

1884. September Rth. — Drake Carter, a .son 
of Ten Broeck. fixed the three-mile runniri.g 
lecord at .'i:24 at Sheepshead Bay. N. Y. He 
carried 115 pounds in going the distance. 

1884, October. — Famous Poland-China 
boar, Bravo, ;!37, bought of Klever Bros., of 
Bloomingsburg, Ohio, b.v Walker & Son, of 
New Madison, Ohio, for .$300. 

1884, October 9th. — At Chicago, Johnston, 
the gieat pacer, by Joe Bassett, dam by 
Ned Forrest, set the pacing record at 
2:06%. 

1884, November lS*h. — In a few remarks 
addressed to the Cattlemen's Convention at 
St. Louis. Gen. W. T. Sherman said: "I 
sometimes deplore the disappearance of the 
bnffalo, elk and antelope: but although these 
animals have disappeared, you h.ivc repl.xced 
them with proluildy 20.000,000 of fine bred 
stock which supply us with meat we eat 
and supply too much of the meat which is 
eaten in Europe." 

1885. — In January, 1SS5, the Commercial 
Bulletin of Boston expressed satisfaction 
at a decision of .ludge Cooley, fixing rates 
on d^es^ed beef 7.^« per cent, higher than the 
rate for live cattle. Attention to this dis- 
crimination against dressed beef was invited 
by an article in the National Live Stock 
.Tournal of January 6. ISS.t. 

1885. — E. W. Maslin. of California, planted 
Smyrna seeds from best figs imported by 
the wholesale grocery house of H. Iv. Thur- 
ber & Co., of New York, from which were 
.grown large and flouris'hing trees. 

1885. — On March 10, 1SS5, a London paper 
announced that P. D. Armour & Co. had 
sold five million cans of fresh and corned 
beef to be used by the British army then 



doing service in the Soudan. To supply this 
contract rcnuired 70,000 head of live cattle. 

1885. — The Boston Daily Advertiser of 
March 14, 1S.3.J. announced an auction sale 
(f Western dressed beef, tlie firsit sale of Its 
kind ever held in that city. Over 300 
market men were asseml)led. The beef wa.-s 
sent there in refrigerator cars by the St. 
lyouis Beef Canning Company, Wm. H. Mon- 
roe, Miuiager. At first the hind eiuarters 
sold at IIV2 cents, and fore tiuarters at 5 '/& 
cents per pound; later the prices ranged 
from 8 V4 to 10 cents for hind quarters and 
."' '/i to i, '/i cents for fore quarters. 

1885.— Dr. W. S. Caruthers, of Cotulla, 
Texas, a retired army surgeon, associated 
with Mr. T. H. Keck, originated a machine 
whereby the priekl.v pear, abundant in 
.Southern Texas, could bo cut up and fed to 
rattle. Later on jiear burners were in- 
vented to liurn the thorns off as a further 
iinpio\ ement in pear feeding. 

1885. — First meeting of the Societ.v of 
.\nieri<'an florists held in this year. Mr. 
.lohn Thor()e was Presidnnt. 

1885. — The Knjilish Derby was won by 
',ord Hasting's Melton in 2:44 1-5, Paradox 
lini.-hing second. The winner was sired hy 
r.Taster llildare. 

1885. — Grover Cleveland, President of the 
I'nitod States, his first term, serving four 
;. L-ai s. 

1885. — National I^ive Stock K.vclinnjfe or- 
ganized. President, W. H. Thompson, Jr. ; 
A'ice -President, Levi B. Doud ; Secretary, C. 
W. Baker; Treasurer, G. W. Shannon. 

1885. — Riley's Favorite, one of the recog- 
nized varieties of com, originated in this 
year by .lames Kilcy, of Thorntown, Ind. 

1885. — In this year a chestnut horse 
named Bill, but of pedigree unknown, 
tiotied eighteen miles in harness, in a race, 
m 'j-. 10. 




H(>L.^Tr:iX-FRIi:ST \X BULL — Champion 
at the St. Louis Fair. Owned by M. E. 
.(Toore, of Cameron, Mo. 



1885, May 25 th. — Holstein-Fricsian Asso- 
ciation of America incorporated by Theron 
G. 'I'eonians, William M. Singerly, William 
C. Bra> ton. Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Gerritt S. 
Miller, Frederick C. Steven*:, wing R. Smith, 
J.D.Guthrie. I-'redcrick ,J. Houghton, Francis 
W. Patterson, Wayne MacVeaugh, G. M. 
Emerick. George F. J.ackson, H. H. Hatch, 
W'iiliam II. Hemingway, Daniel D. Durnall, 
Irwin Langworthy. John B. Tuckerman, 
Charles R. Payne, Robert Burch, E. R. Phil- 
lips and Solomon Hoxie. 

1885, July.- J. J. Coffman, of Danvers, 
111., liought of Klever Bros., of Blooming.s- 
burg. Ohio, the famous Poland-China boar 
Tecumseh, 4,339, for $500. 

1885. — Clingstone, by Rysdyk, and Guy, by 
Kentucky Prince, trotting together as a 
leam against time, set the mile record at 
2:17. 

1885. — "Dandy." seven-months-old Davis 
Victoria boar, winner of grand sweepstakes 
<iver all other breeds at WoritTs Industrial 
and Cotton Exposition, New Orleans, La. 

1885. -Mr. J. B. Warren, of Larchwood. 
Iowa, imported thirteen head of Nortfi 
Wales Black Cattle from the Island of 
Anglesea, 



60 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1885. — ^Pi-incess. 2d, a Jersey cow, owned 
hy Mrs. S. M. Shoemaker, of Baltimore, Md., 
reported as havins; made over 46 pounds of 
butter in one week. Actual 46 and .50-64ths 
pounds. The milk yield was 16 per cent. fat. 




JERSEY ('OW — PRTNCEiSS, 2d, 8,046. 
Reputed record, 46 pounds 12% ounces of 
butter in seven days. Owned by the late 
S. M. .Shoemaker, of Baltimoie, Md. From 
copyriprht photograi)h by permission of 
Pclireiher &: Sons, of Philadelphia, Pa. 



1885. — ^Mr. .1. C. Duncan, of Normal, 111., 
imported "Noiinandie" cattle from France. 

1885. --Guy, a, son of Narragansett, negoti- 
ated a mile and tliree-oigliths over hurdles 
in 2.33, at I.alonia, Ky. 

1885. — ^Mr. Albert Montgomery, of Ne^w 
Orlean.?, L,a.. imported Bralimin or "Bou- 
choiir" cattle from India. 

1S85.- — TJie Hereford steer Regulus, ex- 
hibited by Fowler <& Van Natta, champion 
.'■teer at the .American Fat Stock Show. 

1885. — T.owest wheat, in March, 73% 
cents; lushest, in April, 91% cents. 

188.5. — December. — "The <-ham|)ion beet 
animal at Birmingham and I^ondon, Enj<- 
kind, Mr. Clement Stephens' Hereford 
heifer Luxury, yielded the extraordinary 
and hitherto unexampled proportion of 78% 
per cent, of dead meat." This is from John 
Coleman'.s Book on ".'attle. Sheep and Pigs 
of Great Bi'itain. 

1886. — Hereford steer Rudolph, Jr., ex- 
hibited by George Morgan, champion steer 
at the American Fat Stock Show. First of 
the pony class to win the prize. His ago 
was -SSo days and show weight 1,530 pounds. 




THE PEERLESS MAUD S. — On July 30. 
'88.'). at Cleveland, Ohio, in her fourteenth 
year, MAUD S. reduced the one-mile trot- 
ting record to 2:08%, which reigned supreme 
for six years. She was driven by W. "W^. 
Blair. This jjarticular picture is from a 
copyright photo by permis.sion of .Schreiber 
& .Sons. 

1886. ^-Re\'. F. vnn Schluembach. of Perry, 
Texas, imported two bulls and two heifers 
of the Simmenthal (Bernese) cattle breed of 
Switzerland. First ever brought to America. 



1886, M.arch. — Tennessee importation of 
jaeUs and jennets from Spain by J. D. & 
W. H. Goodpasture and R. H. Hill. 

1886. — At the Weatherford Convention of 
the Northwest Texas Cattle Raisers' Associ- 
ation,, held in March. 1SS6, there were two 
resolutions adopted in regard to dressed 
beef, and the second one grew out of the 
fact that the Eastern railroads in the hand.-j 
of a pool controlled by Coinmissioner Fink 
had arranged a discrimination against dressed 
beef. The action taken by the Texas cattl.e 
raisers was as follows: "Resolved, That w'a 
believe it to be to the interest of the pro- 
ducers and consumers as fostering competi- 
tion among buyers in our principal Western 
markets and ainong sellers in the Eastern 
markets that the rates of transportation on 
dressed beef and live cattle be as two to 
cne. Resolved, That we endorse Commia- 
.■^ioner Fink's action in advancing the rate 
on dressed beef to the Eastern markets." 

1886. — ^Ormonde, the celebrated son of Ben 
.I'Or, owned by the Duke of Westminster, 
was the victor in the English Derby, win- 
ning in 2:45 3-5 from that grand horse The 
Bard, which finished second. 

1886, August 2d. — ^An act of Congress was 
passed specially authorizing the use of 
harmless butter color. 

1886. — Suffolk sheep first given a class in 
English Royal Agricultural Exhibitions. 

1886. — Tlie Prst Yorkshire hogs recorded 
in Canada. 




IMP. S.^iIJ.SiJliKY — Piize-winiiing Here- 
,'ord bull, highly representative of the breed. 
Owned by Murray Boocock, of Keswick, 
Albemarle county, Va. 

1886. — Highest price for middling upland 

cotton on New York market: Market below 
'■0 cenis, for the first time in forty-four 
year.s. Highest price of the year, 9 9-16 
tents; lowest, 8 13-16 cents per pound. 

1886. — ^Mr. F. Roeding, banker, of San 
Francisco and proprietor of Fancher Creek 
Nurseries of Fresno, sent his foreman, C. S. 
West, to Smyrna, and was successful in ob- 
taining good cuttings of the Smyrna figs; 
most important step towards establishing 
this industry in the United States. 

1886, May. — At Latonia Race Track, Ken- 
tucky, the mile and one-sixteenth hurdle 
race record of 1:59 '/4 was made by the 
horse Judge Jackson, a son of Buckden. 

1886, August 29th. — Winslow, a son of 
the great Tea Broeck, made a mile and 
one-eighth over hurdles at the Westsido 
Track, Chicago, in 2:02%. 

1886. — Kerry cattle from Ireland imported 
into the United .States by Mr. Edward 
Kemp, of Rumsen Neck, N. J. 

1886. — First volume of American Aber- 
deen-Angus Cattle Kecord issued. 

1886. — Liowest wheat, in October, 69% 
cents: highest, in January, 84% cents. 

1887. — Daisy D. and Silver Tail, the 
former by Black .Steer, the other by Tem- 
pest. Jr., paced a mile as a team in 2:18%. 
It was not extremely fast, but fast, consid- 
ering the period. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



61 



1S87. — Mr. Abington's Merry Hampton, by 
Ttampton, proved the winner of the Kiifflish 
Derby in 2:43, The Baron finishinp: second. 

1887, May 1st. — In thi.s montli were de- 
livered at Ooolidge, Ka.s.. and Lamar, Colo., 
1,03.5 Hereford, Shorthorn and Aberdeen- 
AnffU8 bulls, contracted by C. P. Camjpbell 
and T. J. Bunton to J. V. Farwell & Co.. 
for the 3,()00,0n0-aore ranch of the Capitol 
Syndicate in the Panhandle of Texas, the 
largest delivery of its kind in history. 

1887. — Mr. Cobb Oavitt, of Evergreen 
Park, near Ashley, Ohio, imported three 
•Shetland ponies bought of the Marquis of 
Iwondonderry. 

1887, .Tune. — I,ivp Stoek Breeders' Direc- 
tory of the United States and Canada pub- 
lished by Philip H. Hale, of St. I.ouis, Mo. 

1887. — Importation of Sinimentlial eattio 
to this country by John Dick, of Quincy, 111. 

1887. — P. A. Thomas, of Chicago, and Mr, 
Parker Barlo. of Cobden. 111., revolutionized 
the fresli fruit transportation by shipments 
to all parts of the United States. 

1887, .Tune 21st. — In a liurdle race at 
Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., Buckra, an aged 
horse by Buckden, made the fast record 
for two and a quarter miles of 4:26. He 
carried 16S pounds for this performance. 

1887.- -Johnston, the great son of Joe 
Bassett, dam Cary mare, by Ned Forrest, 
placed the pai-inK record to wa8:on at 
2:14%. This wa.^ in a competitive race. 

1887. — ^D. M. Moniger's Dr. Glick, Short- 
horn steer, chamipion at American Pat 
Stock Show. 

1887, July 3d. — ^Notable shipment of a car- 
load of tomatoes from Humboldt, Tennessee, 
by W. K. Rea, and consigned to Charles 
Richardson, of New York City. Practical 
commencement of truck farming in West 
Tennessee. 

1887, September. — Fir.st car-load of Colo- 
rado celery shipped East by C. T. Fort from 
Denver, Colo. 

1887. — American Es.se.x Association incor- 
jiorated in Illinois. 




ESSEX BOAR — MODEL JIM, 1,0S1. First- 
prize and s\\eepst<akes winner at the St. 
I-ouis Pair, both years, 1901 and 1902; also 
winrer of many other first prizes. Never 
defeated in the show ring. Bred and owned 
by Peter Miller & Son, of Belleville, 111. 



1887, November 1st. — Opening of the 
Sioux City Stocit Yards of Iowa for busi- 
ness. President and Treasurer, D. T. 
Hedges: Vice-President, James E. Booge; 
Secretary, Ed. Hankinson. These three with 
A. S. Gar.-etson and W. V. Hedges consti- 
tuted the Board of Directors. 

1887. — Galloway steer, winner at Smith- 
field .Show, wei.ghing 2,464 pounds. 

J887. — Introduction of commercially valu- 
able incubators for artificial liatching 
dates from this year. 

1887. — Lowest wheat, in August, 66% 
cents; highest, in June, 94%, cents. 

1887. — In this year the experiment of dis- 
posing of California fruit at auction was 
tried in New York by Messrs. Sgobel & 
Day, at that time agents for the California 
Fruit Union, and the result proved favor- 
able. 

1888. — The Aberdeen-Angus steer. Dot, 

lixhibited by Mr. Imboden, champion at the 
American Fat Stock Show. Age, S63 day.", 
and show weight, 1,515 "pounds. 



1888, May 5th. — The Peninsula and Ori- 
ental Company's steamer "Oceanica" sailed 
from Melbourne, Australia, with 500 tons 
of Australian apples, reaching London 
.!une 12th. mostly in sound condition. Be- 
ginning of ocan commercial refrigeration. 

1888. — Hellriegel, a German chemist and 
investigator, announced that the nodules 
on the leguminous plants were colonies of 
bacteria, and that their work was to take 
up nitrogen from the air and convert it 
into plant food. 

1888.— In this year the White Uyandotto 
was admitted to the standard of thq 
.\merican I'oultry .Association. The credit 
of their origin is given to Geo. W. Towle, 
of Truxton, N. Y., and B. M. Brlggs, of 
Wyandale, N. Y. 

1888, August 21st. ^ — The record ■for a. 
mile and three-sixteenths, which Is 2:12, 
was made by Jim, a four-year-old, by Fel- 
lowcraft, at Sai'atoga, N. Y. 

1888, September 17th. — Organization of the 
American Breeders' Association of Jacks 
and Jennets at .Springfield, III. President, 
Chas. E. Leonard, of Bell Air, Mo.; Vice- 
President, Albert Babb, of Taylorville, III.; 
.Secretary, W. H. Goodpasture, of Nashville, 
Tenn. ; Treasurer, Ma.jor Wm, Gentry, of 
Seda.lia, Mo. 

1888. — ^Johnston paced a mile under saddle 
in 2:i:;, breaking' the record of 2:14% 
'leld since by Billy Boyce, a son of 
(JId Corbeau. Johnston's feat has never 
been excelled. 

1888. — Polled Durham cattle first recog- 
nized as a distinct breed by the Ohio Cen- 
tennial and .State F'air. Exhibitors, Shafor 
& Clawson and Captain W. S. Miller. 

1888, October 19th. — Sunol, a bay filly, 
placed the one-mile two-year-old trotting 
record at 2:20% at San Francisco. 

1888. — J. D. & W. H. Goodpasture, of 
Nashville, Tenn., made the largest individual 
.jack and ,fennet importaition — ^fiifty-seven 
head. 

1888. — Lowest wheat, in April, 71% cents;~ 
highest, in September, caused by the 
Hutchinson Corner, S2.00, declining io 
*1.04iA the next day. 

1888. — Prof. W. M. Hays, of the Minne- 

'■ta Experiment Station, be.gan a series of 

s.^ stpmatic wheat experiments of invaluable 

■^cr^lce to the wheat growers of the country. 

1888, Xoveniber. — The lamb-feeding in- 
dustry in I^arimer county, Colorado, com- 
menced by Bennett Bros., of Fort Collins, 
Durchasing 2,500 Mexican lambs, whicli 
they intended feeding corn at Paxton, Neb.; 
liut, being snowbound in transit, the lambs 
X ere brought to Fort Collins and fed on 
ilfalfa. with corn added to the ration later. 
I'he result was that they gained rapidly in 
ilcsh and condition and topped the Chicago 
iii.irket at $3.40 per 100 pounds. By the 
year 1900 the lamb-feeding industry of 
Colorado had increased to 351,225 head in 
one season. 

1888. — Iron fi-amework first used in green- 
house construction in this year and came 
rapidly into use. 

1888. — Ayrshire, owned by the Duke of 
Portland, a horse sired by Hampton, won 
the Knglish Derby, and also incidentally 
established the fastest time in Its history 
to that date, that of 2:42 1-5. 

1889. — An Arkansas firm imported twenty- 
five line .jacks and jennets from Spain. Ex- 
hibited at the St. Louis Fair. 

1889.— Dr. D. E. Salmon, Chief of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry, determined 
upon a line of investigation of Southern 
cattle fever, resulting in the adoption of 
the tick theory as the cause of disease. 
The experiments were conducted by Dr. 
F. L. Ivilborne. 

1889. — .Shorthorn steer Rigdon exhibited 
by Elbert & Fall, champion at the Ameri- 
can F.at Stock Show. 

1889. — The white variety of Orpington 
fowls established a breed that dates from 
this year. 

1889. — The Department of Agriculture Im- 
jiorted rooted suckers of the Date Palm 
from Algerian Sahara and Egypt and sent 
them to New Mexico, Arizona and Cali- 
fornia, 



62 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1889. -The Duke of Portland won the 
Dngiish Derby with the horse Donovan, 
Mhich was sired by Galopin. The time wsa 
2:44 2-5. A horse named San Miguel was 
second. 

1889. — In the year 1SS9 the legislators of 
the state of Virginia enacted a law which 
was intended to shut dressed beef out from 
that stale. The law prohibited the offering 
for sale of fresh meat at places 100 miles or 
more distant from the places of slaughter 
unless it had been inspected by the local 
inspectors of Virginia, for which inspection 
the owner of the meat had to pay one cent 
per pound. The inspection alone amounted 
lo from .$r..O(l to .$10.00 per head. It was 
pronounced unconstitutional. This was an 
exanip'e of state enactments passed for the 
purpose of interfering with interstate com- 
me'-ce and more especially to please the 
butchers who were trying to kill the 
dressed-beef trade by law. 

1889. — The "f'arman" peach originated 
from seed planted by J. W. Stubenrauch, 
of Mexia, Texas. Early variety and com- 
iiaratively free from rot. 

1889. — Through influence of Prof. H. K. 
Van Demen, Pomologist, and Prof. C. V. 
Riley, Entomologist, the United States 
Department of Agriculture secured and 
distributed Capri fis eiittini^s from Turkey. 

1889. — Benjamin Harrison, President of 
the Ignited States, and served four years. 

1889. — Union Cold Storage Company of 
Chicago, first Western establishment to offer 
ineehanical refrigeration for general storage, 
apples being the Hrst fruit stored. 



1889. — 'Luke M. Emerson, of Bowling 
Green, Mo., imported ('atab)nian jacks. 





HON. .lEUEMIAH M. RUSK. 



}\ 



^ 



HON. NUUM.VX J. COLMAN. 



1889, February 11th. — Hon. Norman J. 
Coiman, of Missouri, editor and proprietor 
of the Pural World, appointed the first 
Secretary of -Agricnlture by President 
Grover Cleveland. Previously the highest 
olhcer of the Agricultural Department ■was 
Comnli.^sioner. 

1899. — I^owpst wlicat, in .Tune, 75% cents; 
highest, in February, $1.08%. 

1889, August 25th. — Death of Henry Shaw, 
Born in Sheffield, 'England, July 24, 1900. 
He gave the famous Shaw's Botanical 
CfPrden and Tower Grove Park to the city 
of St. l^ouis. 

1889, Augu.st 30th.— The fastest half mile 
on the running turf was inade by Geraldine 
at New York in 0:46. It was on a straight 
course, and slie was carrying 122 ipounds. 
Geraldine was by Grinstead, and four years 
old when this record was made. 

1889, October 11th. — -At Terre Haute, 
Ind., Axtell trots a mile in 2:12, establish- 
ing thrce-yeai-old and stallion record. 

1889, No\ember 14th. — American Polled 
nurham Breeders' Association organized. 
President, Win. W. Crane, of Tippecanoe City, 
Ohio; Secretary, A. E. Burleigh, of Mazon, 111. 



1889. — .Teretniah M. Rusk, of Wisconsin, 
Secretary of Agriculture under President 
Benjamin Harrison. 

1889. — The .\merican Agriculturist corn 
contest for the largest yield of corn on one 
measured acie. Grand prize won by Zacha- 
riah Joirdan Drake, of Marlboro county. 
South Carolina, who grew 255 bushels of 
shelled corn or 239 bushels crib-cured corn 
at a high net cost of 44 cents per bushel. 
Second prize won by Alfred Rose, of Yates 
county. New York, who grew 213 bushels of 
shelled corn or 191 bushels of crib-cured corn 
;it a cost of 16 cents per bushel. Third prize 
won by Geoi'ge Gartner, of Pawnee county, 
Nebraska, who grew 171 bushels of shelled 
corn or 151 bushels of chib-cured corn at a 
cost of 17 cents per bushel. 

1890. — The cen.^^us of this year enumer- 
ated 596 seed farms in the United States, 
containing ie9,S50 acres, of which 96,567 
acres were actually producing seed crops. 

1890. — (Silver Mine, a standard variety of 
wliite corn, originated in this year by J. H. 
Beagley, of Sibley, III. 

1890. Feb'.uary 20th. — The National L,ivo 
Stock Reporter established at the St. Louis 
National Stock Yards by Philip H. Hale. 

1890. — ^Center of United States population, 
twenty miles east of Columbus, Ind. 

1890. — The Babcock Cream Tester in- 
vented by Dr. S. M. Babcock, of Madison, 
Wis., and generously given over to public use 
and benefit without charge. 

1890. — The United States Census reported 
4,564,641 farms in the United States, an in- 
crease of 555 734 in ten years. 

1890. — Dispersion of the Cruickshank 
Shorthorns, the breeder being 82 years old. 

1890. —Great improvement in cream separa- 
tors by Baron von Bechtoldsheim, of Ger- 
many. Hand separator made possible by 
Alpha disc system. 

1890. — The Holstein cow, Pauline Paul, 
owned by J. B. Dutcher & Son, of Pawiling, 
N. Y., reported as having made 1,153 and 63- 
64ths pounds nf butter in one year. 

1890, May 1st. — Pirst alfalfa sown on 
AVoodland I'arm, Ohio, by Joseph E. Wing. 
Really the lieginning of successful alfalfa 
culture east of the Missouri river. 

1890. — Village postal delivery recommended 
by Postmaster-General Wanamaker, a fore- 
runner of Rural Free Delivery. 

1890, July Sth. — The record for seven- 
eighths of a mile, running over a straight 
course, was placed by Bell B., a five year- 
old, at 1:23 -Li. at Monmouth Park, with 103 
pounds up. Bella B. Was by Etiquirer. 

1890. — Louisiana became first in rank cf 
rice-growing states, -displacing South Caro- 
lina. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



63 



1890. — Illinois State Fair at Peoria. Great 
<'ontest of ehainpioii ShorUiorii bulls Cup 

Bearer, Phenomenon, Goldsticlt and Yountj 
At)lM)t.sl.urn, tlie latter the victor; \veit;hoil 
U.Sdii pounil.s; owned by T. S. Moberlv, of 
Kentucky. 

IXflO. — The English Derby was won by Sii" 
James Miller's Sanfoin, by Sprinsfielii. There 
were only eisht starters, and LeNord was 
second. The time was 11^ 4 9 '4. 

1«1)0, July 17th. — Banquet the mighty race 
horse, placed the reeortl for the Derby dis- 
tance (a mile and a quarter) at L':0:'. '/<; at 
Monmouth i^ark over a straight course. 
Bancjuet was by Imported Raymond d'Oi-. 
and was one of the greatest horses that ever 
lived. 

IS!)0, .\ us list liOth. — The fastest hors.' 
ruiiiiiiit; record for a quarter of a mile was 
made l.y Bob Wade, a four-year-old, at 
Butte, Mont. The time was <i:i'lVi. 

1890.- -renter of tlie number of farms in 
the I'nited States, eightj-two miles soul'i 
liy west of Indianapolis, in Washingtim 
county, Ind'.xna. 

1890. — The Shorthorn steer Nonesuch, ex- 
hibited by W. H. Renick. champion at the 
rhicago Fat Stock Show. 

1890, .\ugust ?Sth. — The famous runninK 
horse Salvator made the phenomenal mile 
record of 1 ::!."> 14 at Monmouth Park over a 
straight course in a race against time. 
Salvator was by Imported Prince Chanlif'. 
When he performed this feat he was a four- 
year-old and carried 11(j iiounds. 

1890. — Lowest wheat, in February, 7 1 i', 
cents; highest, in August, Sl.OSU- 

1890.---iSwine in Ireland, l,r,70,'?66 head, 
the largest number known in that country. 



1891, June 22d. — Kingston, the pon of the 
great .spendtlirilt, carrying 139 pounds, set 
(he mark lor the Futurity Course, which is 
I7ti feet less than throe-fourths of a mile, in 
1:08. The jierforniance was made at Coney 
Island. N. Y. 




RFX PRAVINE — Saddle stallion. Owned 
hy Dr. W. L. Hockaday. of Richmond, Ky. 
Winner at Louisxille (Ky.) State Fair. Rep- 
resentative American saddle horse. 



1891. — The \nierican (formerly National) 
Saddle Horse Breeders' Association organized 
at T.ouisville, Ky., and issued the first volume 
of the Ajmeiiean Saddle Horse Register tha 
year following. 

1891. — Allerton. one of the greatest race 
horses and sires of extreme speed in the 
history of the trotting turf, was sent a 
mile trottinK to wagon, and set the trotting 
mark at ?:15. He was sired by .lay Bird, 
and his dam was Giissie Wilkes, by Mam- 
brino Boy. 

1891. — In tliis year the unique performance 
of three horses trotting: a mile abreast was 
made in the fast time of 2:1-1. The horses 
were Belle Hamlin. ba.v mare Globe, bay 
gelding; and Justina. bay mare; all by 
Almont, Jr. 

1891. — Capiain S. F. Fountain, United 
States Cavalry, with mounted detachment, 
lode eiirhty-four miles in eight hours, a 
record of horse endurance. 

1891. — The Berry Farmer, published by 
B. F. Smith at Lawrence. Kansas, one of 
the early fruit publications of the West. 
Short-lived but valuable. 




1891. — Sunol, bay mare by Electioneer, dam 
Waxana, by General Benton, became cham- 
pion trotter. clipi)ing a half second off the 
reco'rd established by Maud S. in 1S85 and 
reducing the world's mark to 2:08 14. The 
record was made at Stockton, Calif., where 
she wtis driven by Charley Marvin. 

1891. — Mr. James Shinn. of Niles, Calif., 
obtained the first .i-ipeeimens of Blastophaga, 
the fisr fertilizing insect from Syria. 

1891, August ir.th. — The first horse to run 
three-eighths of a mile in 0:34 on the Amer- 
ican Turf was Fashion, a four-year-old, and 
the record was made at Lampasas, Texa.s. 
This record was later eciualed on July 22J, 
INfHi, hy Red S., an aged horse, carrying 
l-'i pounds, at Butte, Mont., and thus held 
jointly by the two. 

1891.- -The two-year-old Hereford steer 
Hickorynut, exhibited by \\'. S. Van Natta. 
champion at the American Fat Stock Show. 
At 354 days his weight was 1,629 pounds. 

1891. September 3d. — At Independence, 
Iowa. Direct, black horse by Director, paces 
in SrOfi, making world's record. 

1891. — The Blanche Ferry, a descendant of 
the Painted Lady, first valuable variety Jf 
ihe modern sweet pea, introduced by Ameri- 
can seedsmen. 

1891, — The largest week's receipts of cattle 
.it any market were recorded at Chicago 
daring ihe week ending September 19th, the 
total lieing 95.r>24 head. 

1891. — First two-billion-bushel corn crop in 
the I'nited Stales; offleially 2,000,154,000 
bushel.s. 

1891, November. — At the Chicago Dairy 
Show the Brown Swiss cow Brienz, owned by 
Abe Bourquin, of Nokoniis, III., made 9.32 
pounds of butter-fat in three days, being 
the largest yield in public competition. 

1891. — Three-year-old beef cattle dropped 
from classe.s of the American Fat Stoi.-k 
Show. 

1891. — Lowest wheat, in July, S5 cento: 
highest, in April, $1.10. 

1891. — A horse named The Common, by 
I'sonomy, owned by Sir F. Johnstone, was the 
winner of the F^nglish Derby. The time 
made, 2:56 4-5, was the second slowest in its 
history. Oouverneur ran second. 

1891. — The pacer Joe Jefferson made the 
fastest record for four miles in harness, his 
time being iO:10. This record was made 
against time. 

1891. — The Smyrna fig first hand pollinated 
by Dr. Eisen at Niles, Calif. 

1891, November 10th. — At Stockton, Calif., 
.-Vrion trots in 2:10%, the world's two-year- 
old record. 

1891, November 17th. — Palo Alto estab- 
lishes a world's stallion record by trotting a 
mile in 2 -08%. 



64 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1891, December 9th. — At the St. Louis 
National Stock Yards first exhibition of oar- 
loa(l8 rtf live stock for prizes in pens of a 

public Ktock yard. Premiums paid by Philip 
H. Hale, publisher National Live Stock 
Reporter. 




■^j^img ^em 



i6Si-,»tt.--^.-:»i»..>^ . 



HAPPY MEDIUM, 2:32V2 — TROTTING 
SIRE. By Hambletonian. Sire of Nancy 
Hanks, 2:04; Riley Medium, 2:10V4: Maxie 
Cobb, 2:13%; and many others in the 2:15 
list. Prom copyright photo by permission of 
Schreiber & Sons, of Philadelphia, Pa. 



1892, February 4th. — tierman, Hanoverian 
and rjldenburs Coach Horse Association of 
Anierii-a organized. Pre;5ident, A. H. Hol- 
bert, of Greeley. Iowa; Secretary, Jeptha 
Crouch, of Lafayette. Ind. 

1893. April 27th. — First car-load of toma- 
toes fr.>m Florida shipped to Engrland. 

1893, June .5th. — ^Sir John, by Sir ModreO. 
took a record of 2: 14 14 for a mile and five- 
sixteenths over the New York Jockey Club 
Course. 



^ 


* 1 


p%ftMiii&.i:l 






. 'm.^i^ 


. 




i 


1^ 


1 / p 



NANCY HANKS, 2:04. 



1893. — Nancy Hanks, the famous daughter 
of Happy Medium and Nancy Lee. by Dicta- 
tor, jumped into fame by lowering the trot- 
ting record to 2:07%. The record was made 
at Chicago, 111., August 17th, Budd Doble 
driving.:. It was an atteinpt against tiine. On 
the last da.y of tha siame month, at Inde- 
pendence, Iowa, she performed the phenom- 
enal feat of taking two more full seconds 
off the record, reducing it to 2:05%. A 
month later, at Terre Haute, Ind., driven by 
Doble, she brought the mark down to 2:04, 
her best record. Thus from August 17th to 
September 2.Sth, a space of forty-one days, 
this thrice-crowned chamipion cut 4 V4 seconds 
from the world's great record. She was in- 
indeed a marvel. The Bike Sulky dates from 
this time in trotting and pacing races. 



1893.--Mr. Geo. C. Roedding, of San Fran- 
cisco. Calif., secured consignments of figs 
contaipin.g Blastophagas (the flg fertilizing 
in.sect) from Smyrna, in Asia. 

1892. — American pears, plums, peaches and 
oran^ges were tirst exported commercially to 
England. 

1893. — Largest receipts of cattle in one 
year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
:!,ri71,7;'6 head. 

1893. — Sheep in Ireland, 4,827,777, the 
largest numbei known in that country. 

1892, July 21st. — ^Maid Marian, in her 
ihree-ycar-old form, set the mile and twenl.v 
.■N ards running record at 1:40 at Washington 
Park, Chicago. 

1803, September 22d. — At Providence, R. I., 
Belle Hamlin and Honest George trotted a 
inilo as a team against time, and brought 
'the record to 2: 12 ',4, beating the previous 
record of 2:13, made in 1S91 by Belle Hamllin 
anil JuKtina. 

1892. -Potts & Son's Shorthorn steer King, 
chainpion at Stock Yards Fat .Stock Show, 
t 'hit-a.go. 

1893, Septen\her. — Largest receipts of cattle 
in one montn at the Union Stock Yards, 
Chicago, 38rj,)t;9 head. 

1893. — Sir Hugo, sired by Wisdom and 
owned by liOrd Bradford, took the Dnglish 
Derby from a field of thirteen starters. The 
time, 2:44, was fair. LaFleche was second. 

1893. — Grover Cleveland, President of the 
United States, his second term, serving four 
years. 




MASCOT, 2:04 — PACING GELDING. In 
the year 1S92, for the first time, a trotter, 
Nancy Hanks, and a pacer, M.ASCOT, divided 
the honor of being the fastest light-harness 
performer. 



1892, November Sth. — Direct paces a mile 
in i;:0."i'i, making a world's stallion record. 
This at Columbus, Tenn. 

1893, November 10th. — Western Holstein- 
I'riesian Association incorporated. President, 
M. E. Moore, of Cameron, Mo.; Vice-Presi- 
dent, E. F. Irwin, of Richfield, Minn. ; Treas- 
urer. ,T. B. Zinn, of Topeka, Kas. ; Secretarj-, 
W. F. Whitney, of Marshall, Mo. 

1893. — ^I,owest wheat, in October, 69% 
cents; highest, 91% cents, in February. 

1893. — Columbian Exposition Shorthorn 
contest. Champion bull, any age. Colonel T. 
.S. Moberley's Young Abbotsburn; champion 
female, J. G. Robbins & Sons' Gay Mary. 

1893. — Early in this year California made 
her first attempt to export fruit to England 
under the general management of the Earl 
Trust Company. The orange growers of 
Azusa, Duarte and Covina, Los Angeles 
county, contributed the fruit. One car, con- 
taining 290 boxes, left New York on the 
steamer Teutonic on March Sth, consigned 
to L. Connolly & Co., of Liverpool. The con- 
signiTient was a success. The authoriity of 
this statement is Bailey's Annals of Horti- 
culture. 

1893. — liowest wheat. In July, 54% cents; 
highest, in April, 88 cents. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



65 



18!)3. — Nishtingale, by Mamibrino Kintr, 
dam l).\' Hambletonian. 57 2, placed the three- 
mile trotting record at 6:051/2. 

ISO;;. — ^Mnscot, bay gelding, by Deceive, 
divided honor.s with the trotting mare Nancy 
Hanks Dy reducing- the one-mile paciiii{ 
record to 2:04. Thi.s at Terre Haute, IncL, 
i^ieptember U-th. 




1893. — Dr. C. P. Bailey, of San Jose, Calif., 
imported two Angora buclis from Soutli 
Africa. 

1893. — Champion beef animal at Columbia ii 
Exposition, the Shorthorn beef steer Coii 
Bearer, exhibited by Milton E. Jones, of 
Williamsville, 111. 

1893. — Isinglass, by Isonomy. owned by \V. 
H. McCalmont, won the EngliNli I)erby in 
2:43. 

18!(3, March 10th. — First bottle of "certi- 
fleld milk" delivered by Stephen Francisco, 
of Essex count.v. New Jersey. 

1893. — F. J. Merriam, pioneer market gar- 
dener of Georgia, commenced operations in 
this year near Atlanta, 

1893. July 4th. — ^At Kirkwood, Del., Ayres 
P.. a chestnut gelding by Prosper Merrimee, 
trotted a mile against time along-side of a 
running mate in 2: 0:3'/.. 




HON. J. STERLING MORTON. 



1893. — J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of 
Agricultnre during second term of President 
Cleveland. 



1893. — American Yorkshire Association 
organized, lion. VV. M. IJggett. President; 
:incl Major .\. C. Wili(>.\. Secretary. 

1893, SeptcmVier 15th. — Flying Jib, bay 
gelding liy y\lgona, pa^-es a mile in 2:04 .at 
Chicago, equaling the world's record. This 
was a performance against time. 

1893, October 17th. — Fantasy, bav mare bv 
Chimes, trots in 2:0S% at Nashville. Tenn", 
' sialilishing the world's record for threc- 
.>':ir-old liUy. 

ISiK!, (Jctolier ISth.— At Nashville, Tenn., 

I directum, by Director. trots in 2:05^, 

' laltlishing a world's four-year-old recortl. 

I8!>3.— The San Jose scale, the most dan- 

irou-: enemy to Irnit trees, discovered m 

■ I'M Jeisey. It was brought from ("alifornia 

upon nu'-t-ery stock. 

1893. — At l.uenhurg. Mass., I.nther Bur- 
I ink originated th ; famous Biirhank |totat<i. 
Mi:- Hist Imiiorlunt succe.ss in plant im- 
;'i()veinc;it. 

1894. Cotton ))oll weevil fiist came to 
;i"lice of Dei.art iiunl of Agriculture a.-; im- 
iHiitant enemy of cottou in Texas. 

IXiX. July nth. — The fastest time for a milo 
■Mul three-eiglilhs was made by .Sabine, liy 
!;nssingt(m, al Wasliington Park, Chicago, 
'lie record being 2:18%. 

1894, August. — First car of crated cabbage 
hipped from Denver, Colo., by C. T. Fort. 

1894, September l:ith. — Robert J., a bay 
I'lding Viy Hartford, establishes world's 
mile pacing record in 2:01i'; at Terre Haute, 
1 11 (liana. 




AT.IX. 2: 



IS94. — Division of soils organized in the 
I'niled States W'eatlier Bureau by executive 
irder. afterwards enlarged in Department of 
Agriculture. 

1894. — The fastest team record in a trot- 
ting race vvas placed at 2:51% by Sally Sim- 
mons, a daughter of Simmons, and Sally 
Adams, by John Burdine, and Roseleaf, a 
mare by Goldleaf, dam Florence B., by 
Atlantic. 

1894, September 19th. — Allx, bay mare, by 
i'atronage. dam by Attorney, placed the 
mile trotting match at 2:0:5%, at Galesburg, 
driven by .\ndy McDowell. 

1894, September 27th. — Abdell. bay colt, by 
\dvertiser, establishes yearling world's trot- 
ling record for one mile In 2:2;3 at Stockton, 
I 'alifornia. 

1894. --The system of putting up cotton in 
<ylindrical bales started at Waco, Texas. 

1894, October 3d. — At Chilllcothe. Ohio, 
Flying .Jib, the famous pacer, hitched with 
a running mate, went the mile in the re- 
markably fast time of 1:581,4, the fastest 
mile negotiated to that time by a harness 
horse; but the momentum given by the 
runner takes some merit from the perform- 
ance. This style of racing is not now in 
vogue. 

1894. October 9th. — Maid Marian, the four- 
year-old daughter of Imported Great Tom, 
gallope<l Hve-eighths of a mile over the New 
York (straight) Course in 0:56%, breaking 
all records. 



66 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES, 



1894. — At the Dairy Show in England in 
this year a pair of Sinsle-comb Bud' Orping- 
ton fowls were exliibite<l by Mr. Cook, of 

Tower House, Orpington, the originator of 
tlie breed. 

1894. — Lowest No. 2 cash wheat in Septem- 
ber, 50 cent.«; highest, in April, 65% cent.s. 

1894. — Ameiieaii Agriculturist changed 
from a montlily to a weelily publication. 

1894. — Champion beef animal at American 
Fat Stock .Show, the Shorthorn steer 
"Whiskers," exhibited by J. H. Potts & 
Sons. Weight at 1,048 days, 1,776 pounds. 

189-l.-'-Whie Cupid, a famous variety of 
the sweet pea, discovered as a chance sport 
on the seed f.irnis of C. C. Morse & Co., of 
California. 

1894. — Gilbert II. Hicks placed in charge 
of lirst government laboratory for testing 
seeds. 

1894. — Ijord Roseberry won the Englisli 
Derby with I,adas, by Hampton, in 2:45 4-5. 
The field was the smallest in the liistory of 
the classic, there being only seven starters. 

1895. — The trotting reeortl for three miles 
of 7:16 ',4, in a race, was made by Fairy- 
wood, a bay gelding by Milbourne, dam by 
Fairy Gift. 

1895, February 11th. — I^argest receipts of 
hogs in one day at the Union Slock Yards, 
Chicago, 74,551 head. 

1895. — Gallowa.v cattle shown at Birming- 
ham and Smithfleld. 

1895, April 5th. — Horse and mule market 
opened at the St. I>ouis National Stock 
Yards by John Kirk and T. T. Ruby, com- 
mii^sion salesmen, and A. Heiman, mule 
dealer. .John Kirk held the first auction. 




MR. A. HEIMAN, mule dealer, who — as 
the only operator in the yards at the time 
• — established the great modern mule market 
at the St. Louis National Stock Yards. 



1895, July 24 th.— The Sioux City Stock 

Yards passed into possession of the Siou.x 
City Stock Yards Company. Col. I. C. 
Elston, President, of Crawfordsville, Ind. : 
Mr. F. W. Estabrook, Vice-President, of 
Nashua, N. H. ; Mr. F. L. Eaton, Secretary 
and Treasurer, of Sioux City, Iowa. ; Mr. H. 
P. Chesley, General Manager, of s-ioux City. 
Iowa. The Board of Directors Included 
Messrs. John Ellis, of Kewanee, 111.; Joseph 
C. Head, of I^atrobe, Pa. ; Wm. Reynolds, of 
Marblehead, Mass.; and Michael Cudahy, of 
Chicago, lU. 



1895, September 10th. — ^The steamship 
Southern Cross, 5,050 tons register, arrived 
at London from Sydney, Australia, laden 
with cattle, sheep and horses. This was the 
first large cattle shipment of live animals 
from "the Antarctic continent. The ship's 
\'oyage was by way of Montevidio, in order 
to avoid the heat of the Red Sea. The ship 
ment consisted of 550 cattle, 4.S8 sheep and 
29 horses, all in charge of thirty men. The 
deaths en route were fifty-two cattle, 
eighty-two sheep and one horse. The cost 
of transportation, feed and attendance was 
$68.25 per head for horses and cattle and 
$6.00 per liead for sheep. The shipment was 
not a financial success. 

1895. — Lowest wheat, in January, 4S% 
cent.'?, lieing the lowest on record; liighest of 
the year, in May, 85% cents. 




MR. THOS. : W. CROUCH, tnule dealer and 
representatise of the old Broadway Mule 
Market of St. T^ouis, who contracted for the 
removal of the entire mule trade of the city 
of St. I.ouis to the National Stock Yards. 



1896, February 3d. — The old Broadway 
horso and mule market at St. Louis, which, 
beginning at a period around 1853, had 
become the greatest in the world, was 
totally abandoned, all of the remaining firms 
removing to the St. Louis National Stock 
Yards, where the modern St. I^ouis horse and 
mule market had previously been estab- 
'ished. The firms which moved across the 
river were the Western Sale Stables Com- 
pany; Maxwell & Crouch Mule Company; 
Sparks Bros.; Charles Cahn & Son; Jacques, 
Levy & Co.; and J. D. Guyton & Co. Thiit 
day's receipts were 1,372 head. 

1896. — Lord Roseberry won the English 
Derby for the second time with Sir Visto, a 
«on of Barcaldine. Time, 2:43 2-5. 

1896. — ^This year the maximum crop of 
Sea Island cotton in the United States was 
grown, tliere being 103,516 bales reported 
to the United States government as the crop 
of lSflfi-97. 

1890, — In this year the record of 2:30 for a 
mile was made by a four-in-hand of trotters, 
consisting of Damiana, a chestnut mare; 
Belnut, a chestnut gelding; and Maud V. and 
Nut.spra, also chestnut mares; all sired by 
Nutmeg. 

1896, March 24tli. — Patent for a single-disc 
plow granted to C. A. Hardy, and manu- 
factured by the Texas Disc Plow Co. 

1896. — At Madison ..Square Garden Live 
Stock Show the Hereford steer "Jack," a 
yearling, was grand champion. 

1896, June. — Top native cattle at Chicago 
sold at $4.65 per 100 pounds, the lowest in 
aljout twenty-live years. 

1896. — Mr. Arnold Oooper, of Richmond, 
Matal, South Africa, noticed grasshoppers to 
be dying from fungus disease. The knowl- 
edge since used for destruction of the grass- 
hopper pest. 

1896. — The Prince of Wales' entry. Per- 
simmon, a son of St, Simon, won the English 
Derby from a field of eleven in the fast 
lime of 2:42, St. Frusquin running second. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



67 



1896, June 6(h. — The use nf harmless 
ooloringr matter in the manufacture of 
cheese was specially authorized l)y law. 




JOHN R. GENTRY, 2:nL"/2. 



1896, September :i4th. — John R. Gentry, 
bay horse by Ashland Wilkes, paces a mile 
in :i:n()V4, establi.'^hinij a world's record. 

1896. — Buff Orpington fowls established as 
a distinct family in this year. 

1896.- -Vegetable eannlng on commercial 
basis. Record for United States and Canada, 
o,5!l,1Sf> cases of tomatoes and 2,676,515 
cases of canned corn. Each case contained 
two do^en standard cans. 

1896, October 1st. — ^I'irst Rural Free De- 
liverj- Postal Routes established in thi.s 
country at Halltown, Uvilla and Charlestown, 
W. \^a! Hon. Wm. L. Wilson was Postmaster- 
General. 

1896. — T-o«est wheat. In June, 58% cents; 
highest, in November, 94% cen:.s. 

1897, January 1st. — The West Philadelphia 
Stock Yard Company succeeded the old 
Stock "Yard Company, which had been In 
business since 1S76. Officers of the new 
company: Thos. B. Shriver, President; and 
.Foseph M. Harlan, Secretary and Treasurer. 
Board of Directors — Thos. B. Shriver, S. W. 
Allerton, D. H. Sherman, D. B. Martin, A. 
M. Fuller, W. M. Fuller and Joseph M. 
Harlan. 




1897. — .At the meeting- nf the Assoicatioii 
of Agricultural Colleges and Kxperiment Sta- 
tions a committee was ai)pointed, consistinij 
of Profe.esors Jenkins, Card. I.,azenby, Mc- 
Carthy and Mr. Gilbert H. Hicks, to draw up 
rules and regulations for seed testing. 

1897. — Galtee mare, owned by J. Gubhins, 
captured the Knglish Derby in 2:44, Velas- 
quez lieing second. The winner was sired by 
Kendal, a hor-'e of no great pronxinence. 

1897. —Wm. McKinley. President of the 
United States, serving four years and until 
re-elected, when he died at the hands of the 
assassin. 

1897. — New era in rice culture. "Provi- 
ilence" rice dependent upon rainfall and 
hand plowing, .'•ucceeiled by irrigation and 
thorough machinery methods. 

1897. — James Wilson, of Iowa, Secretary of 
Xgricultlire.appolnted liy President McKinley. 

1897. -First commercial seed testing lahor- 
:»(ory In the Lluited States established by Mr. 
i"r;ink Sempers at Blythedale, Md. 

1897. — At the American Fat Stock Show 
'lie Hereford steer "Jack" was charrupion; a 
1 wo-year-old, weighing 1,830 pounds. 

1897, May 2iith. — Handpress, the remark- 
able son of Hanover, in his two-year-old 
form, with 100 pounds up, set the four-and- 
one-half furlong record at 0:52 at the New 
York ,Tockey Club meeting. 

1897. —Rex N. Blaxland imported pure-bred 
Angora goats into New South Wales, Aus- 
tralia, from the island of Tasmania — ^the 
pioneer fiock of the modern Angora industry 
in New South Wales. 




J. J. SEARCY on left, JOiSEPH MAX- 
WELL, in center, and FRANK SLOAN on 
the right, three of the pioneers of the St. 
Louis horse and mule market. 



BROWN U \L J 1J1. -^ ' 1 

Hal. Sire of Star Pointer, 1 :];i'4, aii^l iii.iiiv 
other great pacers. From photograph by 
.Scbreiber. BROWN HAL was foaled in IST'.i 
and bred by R. H. Moore, of CuUeoka. Tenn. 

1897. — Seed and plant introduction first 
undertaken by the Department of Agricult- 
ure on systematic scale. 

1897, June. — p'xperiments in pasteurization 

of cream for the i>urpose of improving the 
keeping qualities of butter were conducted 
at Hesston Creamery, Newton, Kansas, by 
T. H. Monrad, Special Agent Dairy Division, 
Tnited States Bureau of Animal Industry. 
Results favorable to pasteurization, but not 
' lca.rly and distinctly so. 

1897, July. — At this time the United 
.'-Jtates Department of Agriculture first began 
lO distribute vaccine virus for the prevention 
"f blackleg in cattle. Age for inoculation. 
.six to tw?nty-four month.*. 

1897. — Lowest wheal _ in April. 64 i^ cents; 
highest of the year, in December, $1.09. 

1897, October Sth. — At Glen Falls. N. Y., 
.lohn R. Gentry and Robert J., pacing as a 
ti-ani, against time, set the mark at 2;0:<. 

1397, December 1st. — First auction sale of 
pure-bred hogs ( Berkshires) at the St.Louis 
National Stock Yards. 

1897, Decembei- 27th. — First meeting of the 
American Taiiiworth Swine Record Associa- 
tion. I'resident, B. F. Miller, of Flini., 
Mich.; Secretary and Treasurer, E. O. W'ood, 
also of Flint, Mich. ; Directors, F. P. Smith, 
F. II. Rankin and J. J. Carton. 



68 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1897. — Star Pointer, liay horse, by Brown 
Hal, dam Sweepstakes, by Snow Heels, 
reduced the pacing mark to l:.'59i/i. This at 
Readvijle, M.'iss., August 2Sth. 




STAPx P(.>!N'n:ii. 1;50' 



1898, .January 26th. — The National L,ive 
Stock Association organized in Denver, Colo. 
Officers: John W. Springer, of Denver, Colo., 
President; Hon. John M. Holt, of Miles 
City, Mont., Vice-President: George T^. 
Ooulding of Denver. Colo.. Treasurer: an'l 
C. F. Martin, of Denver, Colo., Secretary. 

189S, February 12th. — Judge Denny, the 
five-year-old son of Fresno, placed the turt 
record for two miles, running, at 3:26y2. 
Thia was done at Oakland, Calif, the horse 
having 105 pounds up. 

1898, March. — Organization of Continental 
Dorset Club witli J. Fremont Hickman, 
President: Joseph K. Wing, Secretary. Pur- 
pose, registration and advancement of 
Dorset sheep. 

1898, April 1st. — ^Open;ng of the modern 
and enlarged market for live stock at St. 
•Joseph, Mo. President. G. F. Swift; Vice- 
President and General Manager, J. T. Don- 
ovan. Other Piirectors: Ernest Lindsey, O. 
M. Spencer, A. H. Veeder, Edward Morris 
and E. G. Aaugh. 

1898, .\pri! 3 0th. — The steamship "Waes- 
land. of the International Navigation Com- 
pany, left I'hiladelphia, carrying with other 
freight.s .an experimental shipment of 
American eggs for sale in Knglanrt. The 
I ggs were sold in Manchester. The average 
price was 1,t cent.s per dozen.. Although 
the mnrket was low at this time and the 
i-Iiipment n'as a financial failure, it was a 
Ijioneer moveinent, which led to good 
re-^iuUs. The shipment was made under the 
direction of the Dairy Division of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry. 

1.''98, July Ifith. — The running record for 
a mile and a half was made by Goodrich, a 
son of Patron. at Washington Park, 
'"'"licago, the lime being 2:30%. 




A pair of Texas Angora?. 



1.S98, August 30th. — The fastest authentic 
record made in the sale of range horses was 
establislied at the St. I.ouis National Stock 
Yards, where W. F. Callicott sold 1,200 head 
in 91 ininutes. They were sold in car-load 
lots: liut even so, the performance wa.<3 
phenomenal. The horses sold belonged lo 
the Crow Indian Agency, Montana. 



1898, August ;Ust. — The two-mile record 
for a horse race over hurdles was taken by 
Forfet. the then excellent daughter cf 
Exile, at Sheepishead Bay, N. Y.. the time 
being "3:45 2-!). The race was run with 158 
pounds up. 

1898. — Public attention was first called to 
ihe utility of crude petroleum oil in road 
Iietteriiient through experiments made by 
I lie county of I^os Angeles, in California, 
where six mile.s were oiled in that year 
under the direction of the Supervisors. 

189S — This was the biggest year in hog 
receipts at any market, Chicago receiving 
•~\ SI 7. 114 head. 

1898.-— Ivowest wheat, in October, 62 cents; 
lut;hest of the year, •H-S.'i, caused by the 
Leiter Corner, in May. 

1898, December. — Enumeration of cold 
'■loifige of apples at this time indicated SOO 
l.,irr( Is in cominercial warehouses, increas- 
iMLT by the year 1902 to 2,978,050 barrels 
li(>l(i in winter storage. 

1808.-— J. W. Lariiack's horse Jeddah 
I lie winner of the Knglish Derby in the slow 
time of 2:1(. A horse named Batt was 
second. 

1898. — Cotton .crop of season 1898-99 
]ar,gest up to this time, being 11,275,000 
ronimercial bales. 

1899, May 2nth. — In a trial against time at 
Oakland. Calif., the mare I^ucretia Borgia, 
b.y Imported Brutus, galloped four miles in 
7:11. The next best time for the distance is 
7:HP,1>, made by The Bachelor, at Oakland. 

1899.^Flying Fox, the great son of Orme, 
owned by the Du'-ce of Westminster, captured 
the English Derby, making the distance in 
2:42 4-5. Damocles ran second. 

1899. — Mr. C. P. Bailey, of California, in.- 
ported one Angola ram from Cape Town. 

1899, October 3d. — The three-fourths of a 
mile running record was broken by Firearm, 
a son of Raymond d"Or, over the straight 
i^nurse at Morris Park, the time being set at 
1 :0S%. 

1899, November ISth. — Kyrat, a three-year- 
old, by Teuton, ran two and one-iialf miles 
at Newport, Ky., in 4:24%. 




National 
PARMER 




'Ik-- 



#■ 




• - Stock 
GROWER 




1899. — The National Farmer and Stock 
Grower, a monthly farm paper, established 
at the St. Ivouis National Stock ITards by 
Philip H. Hale. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



69 



1899, December. — Home butter-fat tests of 

Guernsey cows: First prize. Lily Dlla, 7,240, 
913. .S j>ounfls butter; second prize. Lilyita. 
7,2'I1, 828.95 pounds butter; third prize. 
Counte.ss' Bishop, 7.869, 521. 71 pounds butter 
in one year. 

1899. — T'unois. 'the five-year-old son of 
Florist, ran his record-breaking seven and 
one-half furlongs at Oakland Calif., in 1:32^4. 

1899. — Lowest wheat, in December, G4 
cent.s; highest of the year, in May, 79 ',i 
cents. 

1900. — In this year Col. T. C. Nye. who 
had a little home place in La Salle county. 
Texas, near Cutulla. and a windmill whicli 
whicli he pumped to irrigate a small home 
KHrden. obtained a few Bermuda onion seeds 
and planted them, and he raised the first 
crop of Bermuda onions in the United States. 
To George Copp, one of Col. Nye's neighbors, 
is due the credit of raising and shipping the 
first car of onions. 

1900. — A valuable variety of long-staple 
upland cotton, called Sunflower, is the off- 
spring of seeds shipped to an oil mill at 
Yazoo City. Miss., in this year, and pur- 
chased for planting by Marx Schaefer. 

1900. — A bi-centenary exhibition of sweet 
lieas held in London in July. 

1900. — The Prince of Whales again won the 
Ii:n.!;lish Derl)y, this time with Diamond 
.Tuiiilee. a son of St. Simon. The time \wis 
2:42. and Simon Dale was second. 

1900. — Fourten incubator patents grnnteil 
in this year. 

1900. — Split- wing distributing shaft im- 
provement in gear of cream separators, in- 
vented by John Joseph Berigan, of Orange. 
New .Jersey. 

1900. — The United States Census reported 
5,7;;9,657 farms in the United States, an in 
crease of 1,175,016 in ten years. 

1900. — Center of United States population, 
twenty miles east of Columibus. Ind. 

1900. — Coney, black gelding, by McKinney, 
dam Grace Kaiser, by Kaiser, paced a mile 
to wagon in a race in 2:05%, reducing the 
mark of 2:10% made in 1899 by Arlington. 

1900. — Pride of the North, a standard 
\arietv of corn, originated about this time by 
F. \. Warner, of Sibley, 111. 

1900. — Center of the number of farms in 
the United States. 110 iniles east by south of 
St. Louis, in Wayne county. Illinois. 

1900. — In a pacing record for teams, 
Charley B. and Bobby Hal broke all forni'ir 
records by going a mile in 2:13. The be.^-t 
previous record was inade in 1892 by Belle 
Button and Thomias Ryder. Charley B. was 
by Octoroon, dam untraced. and Bobby Hal 
by the same sire, dam by Royal George, Jr. 

1900, February 27th. — At New Orleans. La.. 
Julius Caesar, a flve-year-old. ran a mile 
and seven-eighths in 3:19. the greatst record 
for the distance. 

1900, ,Iune. — Organization of the Illinois 
.Seed Corn Breeders' Association. 

1900, July 21st. — Ovimar. a six-year-old. 
carrying 109 pounds, covered tlie mile track 
at AVashin.aton Park, Chicago, in 1:38. 

1900. — The fastest mile trotting record lo 
wagon against time was made by The Abbot. 
bv Chimes, dam Nettie King, by Mambrin.> 
King. It was 2:05%. and reduced the record 
of 2:07 formerly held by Lucille. 

1900. August. — ^W. D. Flatt. Canadian 
breeder of Shorthorns, sold fifty nine head at 
Chicago, 111., for an average of $793.40. the 
top price oeing $2,600. 

1000, August 4th. — At Brighton Beach. 
N. Y., Ethelbert established a record of 
3:49 for two miles and a quarter. She caried 
124 pounds. 

1900. — ^Aftei six years of uninterrupted 
supremacy for Ali.x. The Abbot broke tlie 
trotting record, establishing a mark of 
2:03 '4 at Terre Haute. Ind., September 25th. 
He was sired by Chimes, and his dam was 
Nettie King, by Mambrino King. 

ISOO. — Pari« Horse Exposition, Septembe"- 
1st to 10th. Grand champion carriage horse 
Sir Walter Gijliey's Hackney stallion. Hedon 
Scjuire. Champion Percheron stallion. Dun- 
ham. Fletcher & Coleman's Castelar, bred by 
M. Edward Perriott. 



1900, October 13th. — The famous mare 
Ethelbert negotiated a mile and threo- 
quarlers at Morris I'ark, N. Y.. in 2:58y2- 
This record is held jointly with Latson, who 
established the same time a year later; but 
the performance of Ethelbert is the more 
meritorious in that she caried 126 pounds 
against Latson's 95 pounds. 

1900, No\ember. — The Hapgood Plow 
Company, of Alton, 111., oo-mmenced the 
inanufacture of the (M. T.) Hancock Ad- 
justable Hevolving Disc Plow. 

1900, December 1st. — 'Permanent Intercol- 
legiate liive Stock Judging Contest instituted, 
ihe reward being a inemorial called The 
.■^poor Trophy, to be kept by winning teams 
from year to year, but not toi become the 
property of any college. The trophy was 
offered by Mr. .1. A. Spoor, President of the 
I'hicago Union Slock Yards, and is a great 
incentive to students in studies of stock 
."iudging. 

I900.---Lowest whea,t in January, filVz 
c6nts; highest, in June, ST Vz cents. 




1900, December. — ^Aberdeen-Angus steer 

Advance, champion of International Exposi- 
tion, sold at $1.50 per pound on foot. 

1900, December. — Champion load of cattle 
at Chicago International Exposition sold at 
$15.50 per 100 pounds, the highest car-load 
price on record. 

1900, December 1st to 8th. — First Chicago 
International Live Stock Exhibition. W. E'. 
Skinnei. Gen.^ral Manager. 

1900, December 4th. — At Chicago, the 
famous Hereford bull March On, 13th, sold 
at auction by Van Natta & Son, of Fowler, 
111., bought bv Moffat Bros, at $3,500. 




DOLLY, 5th — Famous Hereford cow. 



1900, December 5th. — At Chicago, the 
Hereford cow, Dolly. 5th, 71,988. and calf, 
bred by .lohn Hooker, of New London. Ohio, 
and owned by Clem Graves, of Bunker Hill, 
Ind.. sold to C. A. Jamison, of Peoria. III., at 
auction, for $3,150. being the record price for 
any Hereford cow to that date. 



70 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1900. — At the Paris Universal Exposition, 
Samuel Hiaugdahl, of New Sweden, Minn., 
U. S. A., won the errand prlx d'honneur for a 
tub of butter exhibited at the Special Show 
held in May. This was the only instance 
during- the entire Exposition in which the 
highest honor was awarded to an individual 
exhibitor for a dairy product. 

1900. — First American Royal Show at 
Kansas City. Grand sweepstakes steer, OJd 
Times. 94,031, pure-bred Hereford, exhibited 
by T. F. p.. Southam, of Chillicothe, Mo. 

1900. — The heaviest total of horses and 
mules ever attracted to any one point up to 
♦his time were marketed at St. Louis, the 
.total tor the year being 178,921 head. 

1900, December 11th and 12th. — K. D. 
Armour and James A. Funkhouser sold Kifl 
Herefords at auction at Kansas City for an 
average ot $351.60. 

1900. — Sir John Bennett Lawes, great 
agricultural experimenter, died at Rothani- 
sted, Eng;land, at the age of 86 years. 



THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, 

1901, January 25th. — At Kansas City Clem 
Graves, of Bunker Hill, Ind., sold the three- 
year-old Hereford heifer Carnation, 77,704, 
sire Acrobat, for $3,700, to J. C. Adams, of 
Moweaqua, 111. • Average of 200 Herefords 
at this sale nearly $380 per head. 

1901, January. — In an offcial test the Hol- 
stein-Friesian cow Ulith Pauline De Kol. 
43,434, owned by H. D. Roe, of Augusta, 
N. J., made 28,236 pounds of butter, SO per 
cent, fat in seven days. She gave in this 
time 653.4 pounds of milk which averaged 
3.48 per cent. fat. This cow made the largest 
official record of any Holstein-Fricsian cow 
tested to date. 

1901, February 12th. — ^Sale of Berksliin- 
swine at Biltmore, N. C. Fifty-one head 
averaged $102, the top price being $250. 

1901, March. — William Harris, oif West 
Smithfield, Essex, England, killed a two- 
and-one-half-year-old Jersey red boar. I^ive 
weight, 1,610 pounds; dressing 1,337 pounds; 
21,^ feet across loin; 2% feet across hams; 9 
feet in girth; 9 feet tip of nose to end of 
tail. 

1901, March 6th to Sth. — Dispersion sale of 
Aberdeen-Angus cattle, herd of Charles 
Escher & Son. of Botna. Iowa, at Chicaj^o. 
117 cows averaged $483.05; twenty-six bulls 
averaged $465.95; and 143 head avera.i??d 
$479.95. Top sales: Female, Imp. Krivina, 
28,475, $1,700; bull, Orin of Long Branch, 
$1,300. 

1901, March 12th and 13th. — At South 
Omiaha, Neb., T. R. Westro^e & Son sold 
eighty-one Shorthorns for an average of 
$454.85 per head. The sale included Sweet 
Violet, 2d, by Lavender King, and female 
calf, sold to G. M. Casey, of Clinton, Mo., 
for $3,705, the record price for a Scotch 
Shorthorn female. 

1901, April 5th. — Combination sale of 
Shorthorns at Chicago, III. Forty-six head 
averaged .*719.13. Victoria of Hill Farm, 
6th, and female calf, consigned by C. B. 
Dustin & Son, of Summer Hill., 111., sold to 
Frank Bellows, of Maryville, Mo., for $2,100. 
1901, April 12th. — Jersey cow. Miss Thank- 
ful, 2d, 131,969; test seven days, April 6th to 
12th, 24 pounds 41/2 dunces butter; milk, 275 
pounds. Owned by John A. Skannal, of 
Bligo, La. 

1901, April 18th and i9th. — Sale of Hol- 
stein cattle at Syracuse, N. Y., by Clarence 
F. & Will C. Hunt. Average of 128 cattle, 
big, little, old and young, $101.60. The 
twenty-three official record cows averaged 
$179. 

1901, Mav. — Imp. Missie, 165, Shorthorn 
heifer, sold at $2,200 at the auction of 
C. L. Oerlaush, of Osborn, Ohio. 

1901, May 15th. — ^At Greenville, Ohio, 
Polled Durham sale of Stewart & Martz in- 
cluded the bull Cambridge Lad, sold at 
$1,000, and the cow, Bracelet of Stillwator, 
sold at $1,005, both to F. Hines, of Indianap- 
olis, Ind. 

1901, May 22d. — At Chicago, the Hereford 
cow, Dolly 2d, 61,799, John Hooker, breeder 
and owner, sold at auction with heifer calf 
for $5,000 to N. y. Bowen, of Delphi, Ind. 



1901, May 23d. — 'Blue Girl, as a two-year- 
year-old, took the record for a mile and a 
si.\teenth in 1:44% at Morris Park, N. Y. 

1901, May 30th. — .At Coopersburg, Pa., T. 
S. Cooper sold 108 head Jersey cattle at an 
average of $157.75. The bull Golden Mon 
Pllaisir, 59,936, son of Golden Lad, sold to 
H. N. Higginbotham at $3,500. The cow, 
Golden Rosebay, 157,333, sold to Biltmore 
Farms for $2,775. 

1901, June 4th. — At the combination sale 
George E. Ward, of Hawarden, Iowa, sold 
the Shorthorn Duchess of Gloucester, with 
bull calf at side, for $2,500 to Brown .& 
Randolph, of Indianola, Iowa. Average of 
sixty Shorthorns at this sale, $748.33. 

1901, June 12th. — Sale of Red Polled cattle 
at Fairfleld, Neb., by S. McKelvie & Sons. 
The cow, Prairie Blossom, 12,803, sold to G. 
W. Coleman, of Webster City, Iowa, for 
$1,005. Average for thirty-seven head, 
$257.03. 

1901, June. — The mile running record over 
a circular track was broken by Brigadier at 
ISheepshead Bay, N. Y., the distance being 
negotiated in 1:37 4-5. 




CRESCEUS, 2:0214. 



1901. — On July 26th, Cresceus took the 
trotting record at 2:02% at Cleveland, Ohi'>, 
and on August 22d further reduced this 
mark to 2:02 14 • This was at Columbus, 
Ohio. The first quarter was in 29%; the 
half, 59%; three-quarters in 1:30%. This 
wa.s at the time the world's trotting record; 
at this time — in 1906 — it is the stallion 
record. Cresceus is a chestnut horse by the 
great Robert McGregor, dam by Mambrino 
Howard, and in all his record-breaking per- 
formance was dti\en by his owner, Geo. H. 
Ketcham. 

1901, August 7th. — At Chicago, Geo, Har- 
ding & Sons, of Waukesha, W^is., sold forty- 
three Shorthorns at an average of $656. Su. 

1901, August loth. — ^Cresceus defeats The 
Abbot in a famous trotting contest at 
Brighton Beach. The time was 2:0:!'i, 
making world's mile trotting record in a 
race. 

1901, August 22d.— At Columbus, Ohio, 
Cresceus lowered the trotting record to 
2:02«. 

1901. — In this year Hon. P. D. Coburn, 
Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture 
of Kansas, issued a book entitled "Alfalfa," 
containing directions for planting, growing 
and harvesting this excellent forage crop, 
resulting in immense increase in :ilfalfa 
acreage in the Tinited States. 

1901, September 5th. — The best record ever 
made for a mile and seventy yards was 
established by Jiminez, a three-year-old, 
^carrying 101 pounds. It was 1:42%, and 
was made at the Harlem track, Chicago. 

1901, October 2d. — McChesne.v, in his two- 
year-old form, established the six and one- 
half furlong running record of 1:18 4-5 at 
Harlem Park, Chicago. 

1901, October 3d. — ^At Newton, Iowa, E. S. 
Donahey sold fifty-four Shorthorn cattle for 
an average of $646.35, including the cow, 
Early Bud, 3d, at $1,500, and nine other 
females upward of $1,000. 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



71 



IftOl. — The Engrlish Derby was won by an 

American, Wm. C. Whitney, with the sensa- 
tional horse, Volodyovski, a son of Florizel, 
II. All records for time were broken, the 
distance being covered in 2:40 4-5. 

1901, October 25th. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
Little Boy, by Kenton, dam Jenny, by I.,ong- 
fellow, broke the mile pacing recoi"<l to 
wagon, against time, putting the mark at 
2:01V2. The former record, 2;0:!'4, was 
made by Bumps in 18S9. 




GUBR9EY COW — MARY MARSHALL. 
This distinguished cow was the winning cow 
in the Pan-American model dairy herd, 1901. 
The six-months' record was 5, Gil pounds of 
milk; 5.36 per cent, butter-fat; 354.26 pounds 
of churned butter. The profit in butter pro- 
duction was $59.43, the next highest being 
$51.58. 



1901, November 3d. — ^Mary Marshall, 5,601, 
winning; cow in butter production in l*an- 
American model dairy herd. Record for six 
months, 5,611 pounds milk, 5.36 per cent. 
butter-fat, 303.13 pounds butter-fat, equal 
to 354.26 pounds churned butter. Profit in 
production of butter-fat, $59.43 in six months. 

1901, November 3d. — Awards in the Breed 
Te.'-t in Pan-American model dairy. Prize 
for net profit in butter- fat won by Guern- 
seys by a net profit of $4.66. The prize for 
net profit in churned butter won by Guern- 
seys by net profit of $5.S6. The prize for 
net profit in total solids won by Holsteins 
by a net profit of $26.44. The profit in total 
solids and gain in live weight won by Hol- 
steins by net profit of $31.53. 




BROWN .SWISS BULL — DUKE OF RIVER 
MEADOW. Highly representative bull of this 
flue breed of dairy cattle and first-prize 
winner at the Pan-American Show of 1901. 
The Brown Swiss cattle are very handsome 
in appearance, not unlike the Jerseys, but 
distinctly larger and with more claims to 
beef qualities. 

1901. -Short corn crop in the United 
States; yield, 16. 7 bushels per acre. Total. 
1.552,520,000 bushels; smallest crop since 
3894. 



1901, November 7th. — ^At Chicago, 111., W. 
D. I'^lalt, f)f ilamilton, Canada, sold foriy- 
fi\p Sliorthom cattle for an average of 
$1,123.22. Iinpoiied Cicely, the Queen of 
England heifer, sold to J. G. Robbins .t Son, 
of Horace, Ind., for $5,000. The bull, Lord 
Banfl, sold to Geo. E. Ward, of Hawarden, 
loua, for 3;j,100. 

1901, November 14th and 15th. — Breeders* 
sale of Holstein cattle at Syracuse, N. Y. 
Average f(ir the eighty-five head. $121. CS. 
W. C. Hunt, of Liverpool, N. Y., manager. 

1901, November 20th and 21st. — Plr.st 
Hereford <-attle sale at p^ast St. Louis by 
T. h\ li. Sot bam. of Chillicothe. Mo. 

1901, December 2d. — The Holstein co.v, 
Mercedes Julips Pietertje, completes seven- 
lay record of 29 pounds 5.7 ounces of butter 
at South Side F^arm, White Bear Lake,Minn. 

1901, December. — Home butter- fat tests of 
'?.uernsey cov.s: First prize, Glenwood Girl, 
I'th. 9,113, 667.5 .pound.s Siutter; second 
ijiize. Primrose Tricksey, 7,236, 592.6 pounds 
latter; third prize, Gipsy of Racine, 9.C39, 
..o!).9 pounds butter in one year. 

1901, December 6th. — Galloway cattle .sold 
at Chicago, ill.; thirty-three head average 
*2S5. Sale included Imp. McDougall, 4th, of 
Tarbreoch. champion Scottish bull, sold to 
O. N. Moody, of Atlanta, Mo., for $2,000. 

1901, December 9th. — Grand champion at 
liU-»rnational Live Stock Show. The Woods 
Principal, Hereford steer, 1,645 pounds at 
twenty-five months. eFd by John Lethani 
for Geo. P. Henry, of Goodenow, 111. 

1901. — Great wheat crop in the United 
States, 748,460,000 bushels; harvested while 
the corn crop was drying up. 

1901. — ^r.,owest wheat, in July, 63% cents; 
highest of the year, in December, 79% cents. 




BLAISDO.V PLUTO — Shire stallion. Own^d 
and exhibited by Trumans' Pioneer Stud 
Farm, Bushnell, 111. Champion Shire stal- 
lion, any age, at the Chicago International 
Exposition, 1901. 



190SJ, .January 7th. — Record price for Here- 
ford bulls broken bv sale of bull "Perfec- 
tion" for $9,000 bv Thomas Clark, of 
Beecher, II!., to G. H. Hoxie, of Thornton, HI. 

1903, January 9th. — A. P. Nave, of Attica. 
Ind . sold Percherons at auction. The top 
price was $1,630, paid by A. B. Puterbaugh, 
of Milledgeville, 111., for the stallion Abo, 
2?,CS6. The average was $469.25 for forty- 
one head. 

]90;2, January 28th to 30th. — A sale of 
Ilerefords under management of T. F. B. 
Sotham, held at Kansas City, resulted in an 
average of $373 for 113 females and $292 for 
seventy-one bulls. The top price, $3,995, was 
pai.i b>- the Wabash Stock Farm Company 
for the Improver bull Good Cross, 120,180. 
The average of 1.S4 head was $341.70. 

1902. — In Mrs. Alice Morse Earle's volume 
on Colonial Gardens, published this year, 
she says that the largest apple tree in New 
England is at Cheshire, Conn., its trunk 
measuring, one foot above all root enlarge- 
ments, thirteen feet eight inches in clrcum- 



72 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



ference. Its age is traced back ITiO years. 
She also says that at the old Rhode Island 
home of Bishop Berkeley, who died in .'.7r,3, 
the apple trees ot his day are yet standin,"?. 

1902. January 30th anid 31st. — Sale of 
Poland-China swiiie by Winn & Mastm, of 
Ma.btin, Kas. 10.5 head sold for an average 
of $121.27. 

1002, February 4th and 5th. — ^During 
Aberdeen-Angus cattle sale at Chicago. 111., 
the average for twenty years was broken, 
eighty-two head selling for an average of 
!?674.45. This included bulls and feinales. 




ONW.'VRD, 4th — Famous Hereford bull. 



1!J02, February .'jth. — "Blackcap Judy," the 
famous Aberdeen-Angus yearling heifer, was 

sold for the record price of .$6,500. C. H. 
Gardner, of Blandinsville, 111., was her 
owner, and M. A. Judy & Son, of Williar.is- 
port, Ind., her purchasers. 

1902, February 5th. — New high mork in 
prices of Aberdeen-Angus bulls established. 
"Prince Ito," sold by M. A. Judy & Son, of 
Williamsport, Ind., to B. R. Pierce, of Cres- 
lon, 111., for $9,100. 

1902, February 15th. — Sale of Percheron 
horses by ,1. W. & .T. C. Robinson, of Wich- 
ita, Kas. Twenty-three head made an aver- 
age of $4CS.70. 

1902, February 25th to 27th. — ^Combination 
sale of Hereford eattle at Kansas City. Top 
price of sale, Mrs. Cross' bull, Royalty's 
Java, sold for |650. The bull average, 
thirty-nine head, was $208.45. The female 
average was $318.15 for ninety-six head. 
Average for 135 head, $286.45. 

1902. — Boston Work Horse Parade Associ- 
ation held in this year, and the pioneer in 
holding work horse parades in this country. 




FAT RYAN OF RED CLOUD— Champion 
Galloway bull at the Chicago International 
8how, 1906. 



1902, February 28th and March 1st. — Dis- 
persion sale of Hugh Paul Galloway cattle at 
South Omaha. The twenty-four bulls aver- 
aged .1!20S.]0, and eighty-nine females 
¥178.60. The 113 head made a general 
average of $194. 85- 



1902. — Ard. Patrick, a son of St. Florian, 
owned by John Guhins, won the IDnglish 
l>erby. Rising Glass being second. The time 
was 2:421/2. 

1902, March Cth and 7th. — Imp. Spicy 
Clara, (Shorthorn yearling heifer. Interna- 
tional prize winner, sold to Geo. Hardin;^ & 
Son, of Waukesha, Wis., for $1,500. At a 
Chicago sale of Shorthorns the general aver- 
age was $4119.80 for eighty-nine head. 

1902, March Sth. — At Chicago, Ked Polled 
cattle sale by a. F. & J. F. Dobler, of 
Gir.ard, Pa. To], price, $600, for the cow 
Mayllower, 2d. Average for fifty-seven head, 
S1.SI).20. 

1S02, March ISth. — Dispersion sale of 
Shorthorn cattle at Kansas City by Col. W. 
11. Nelson — fifty-six head — average, $340.35. 
Top price for Imp. Lavender Lilly, sold to 

D. R. Hanna for $1,600, next price Vjeing 
.H.500 for Tiiip. Miranda and cow calf by 
the saine buyer. 

l.')02, March ISth and 19th. — Combin.i,tion 
Aberdeen-Angus cattle sale at Omaha, by 
('has. j^scher, Jr. Average for 111 head, 
$213. Top price, $1,110 for Isabella, 4th, of 
Millsland, 21,!;31, and female calf, paid by 

E. iieyno'lds & Son, of Prophetstown, 111., to 
E. T. Davis, of Iowa City, Iowa. 

1902, March 24th. — Sale of forty-one Short- 
horns by F.. R. Stangland, of Marathon, 
Iowa. Average, $485 per head. Top price, 
$1,775, for 20th Linwood Victoria and cow 
calf, paid by C. C. Bigler & Son, of Hart- 
wick. Iowa. 

1902, March 25th. — Shorthorn cattle sale 
I'y H. F. t'rown, of Minneapolis, Minn. 
Average of thirty-five head. $750. Top 
sales- Imp. Juno and bull calf, $1,550, paid 
by W. II. Dunwoody, of Minneapolis, Minn.: 
bull Royal Banner, 150,993, bought by W. O. 
Carpenter, of Pukwana, S. D., at $1,505. 

1902, March 25th and 26lh. — Hereford 
cattle sold bv T. F. Bl Sotham and others. 
Average for 148 head, $323.25. Top price, 
■'^■1,650, for Corrector cow Galatea, 107,723, 
bought by G. E. Kicker, of Ashland, Xeb. 

1902, March 27th. — Hector Cowan, Jr., of 
PauUiana, Iowa, sold forty-nine Shorthorns, 
averaging $512.05. Toip price paid by .John 
Rasmus, of I>ake City, Iowa, for the cow 
Dalmeny Princess, 9th. 

1902. — Cattle in Ireland, 4,782,221 head, 
the largest number iinown in that country. 

1902, April 1st — Farmers' and Stockmen's 
Business Directory issued by Philip H. Hale, 
St. Louis, Mo. 

1902, April 3d. — Geo. M. Woody sold fifty- 
four Shorthorn cattle for an average of 
$39!).lt>. Top price, $1,750, paid by F. A. 
Schaffer & West Bros., of Esthervllle, la., 
for Imp. Lily of the Valley, 17th. 

1902, April 14th. — Shorthorn sale at 
Chicago l)v George Bothwell, of Nettleton, 
Mo., and fifty-four head av&raged $479.50. 
Notable sales Included the bull Nonpareil 
of Clover Blossom, 153,672, at $1,710, paid 
by Geo. Harding & Son, and the bull Non- 
pareil Hero, 170,793, at $1,710, bought by 
H. Hagenfeldt, of Storm Lake, la. 

1902, April 17th. — Sale of Shorthorns by 
G. W. Brown & Randolph Bros., of Indi- 
ancvla, la. The average for forty-nine head 
was $584.30. Notable sales included Vic- 
toria of Village Park, 3d, and bull calf, 
bought by N. A. Lind, of Rolfe, la., for 
$3,500, and Imp. Gazelle, sired by Royal 
Star, for .*2,105, paid by Bigler & Son, of 
Hartwick, la. 

1902, April 29th and 30th. — At Syracuse, 
N. Y., W. C. Hunt's j,econd semi-annual sale 
of Ilolstein cattle. Average of ninety-nine 
head, $103. 

1902, May 1st and 2d. — At Sioux City, la., 
initial combination sale of Herefords. The 
113 head averaged $229.40. 

1902, May 3d. — At Sioux City. la., com- 
bination sale of Shorthorns. Average, 
$366.80 per head. Notable sales included 
Imp. Dalmeny Regina, 5th, sold by C. C. 
Bigler & Son to Henry Weiss, of Westphalia, 
Kas., for $1,375, and May Queen, with cow 
calf, bought by John Rasmus, of Lake City, 
la., for $1,825. 

1902. — Great com crop of the United 
States; officially, 2,523,648,312 bushels, from 
93,043,613 acres. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



73 



1902, May 13th and 14th. — Combination 
sale at Indianapolis, Ind. Herefords, sixty- 
two head, sold for an average of $392. S.S, 
including: Miss Java, 2d, 94,200, and cow 
calf, consigned by Mr. Dausherty, of 
Wabash, Ind.. and sold to Ed. Hawkins, of 
Earl Park, for $3,500. Shorthorns, sixty- 
four head, averaged $422, including S.'jth 
Duche.ss of (rloster, consigned by E. E. 
Souers, of Warren, Ind., and bought by Geo. 
Harding & Son, of Waukesha, Wis., for 
$2,105. 



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• ■Li\lli\ L\Ks— V laniou.s Heiefunl l.uil. 
Piiz-^ winnei at many shows. Stock bull at 
Grand\i>-\\ Heretoids. Owned by C G. 
Comstock & Son, Albany, Mo. 



1902, May 17th to 2l.st. — Ohio .Shorthorn 

Sales: H. G. Walker, of New Madison, 
thirty head: average, $107.70; E'. S. Kelly, 
of Yellow Springs, thirty-six head, average, 
$590.40: top price, $1,625, paid by W. L. 
Wood, of Williamsport, O., for Imp. Missie, 
158th; C. I.. Gerlaugh, of Osborn, O,, thirty- 
three head: average, $610; top price, the 
hull Master of the Ring, 171.376, sold to 
J. T Ryan &• Son, of Irwin, la., for $1,705; 
W. I. Wood, of Williamsport, O., forty-four 
head; average. $:150; top price, female Imp. 
Proud Fancy, sold at $2,050 to W. T. Miller 
& Sons, of Winchester, Ind,; top-priced bull. 
Choice of the Ring, sold to Brown & Ran- 
dolph Bros., of Indianola, la., for $1,550. 

1902, May :'2d and 23d. — Cambination sale 
of Herefords by C. A. .lamison, of Quincy, 
III., and others at Chicago. Eighty-three 
head averaged $323. Top price was $2,100, 
bid for I.ady Wiltona, a daughter of Dale, 
by Ed. Hawkins, of Earl Park, Ind. 

1902, May 2Sth. — Shorthorn cattle sale at 
Morning Sun. la. R. G. Robb & Son's 
average $.^80.40 for twenty-eight head; A. 
Alexander's average for twenty-five head 
$526, including the cow Mary of Bluff View, 
sold to Korns & Lee, of Hartwick, la., for 
$1.2:!0. 

1902, May 30th and 31st. — Linden Grove, 
sale of imported Jerseys by T. S. Cooper, of 
Coopersburg, Pa. The 168 head averaged 
$340.60. The sale included the champion 
bull Flving Fox, sold to T. W. Lawson, of 
Boston," Mass. ,for $7,500. The highest price 
for a female was $3,100, for the cow Lady 
Fontaine's Ro.-ette, 162,120, for $3,100. 

1902, June. — Straight Texas steers sold on 
the Chicago market at $7.65 per 100 pounds, 
the record price. Shipped by Ed. Farmer, 
of Fort Worth, Tex. 

1902, June 3d. — N. A. Lind, of Rolfe, la., 
sold fifty-five Shorthorns for an average of 
$766.30. Top price. $3,800, paid for the 
cow Red Crest, sire Imp. Scottish Chief, sold 
to C. C. Bigler & Son, of Hartwick, la. 

1902, June 5th and 6th. — Shorthorn cattle 
sale bv C. C. (Bigler & Son, of Hartwick, 
la. The 115 head sold for $94,715, an aver- 
age of $S2:?.60 per head. The sale included 
thirtv-one head at $1,000 to $2,500, not 
including the cow Wild Eyes, 61st, sired by 
Airdrie Duke of Hazelhurst, bought for 
$3,04 by G. W. Brown & Randolph Bros., 
of Indianola, la., for $3,040. 

1902, June 10th and 11th. — At Chicago, 
combination .Vnsiis cattle sale. 101 head 
averaged $312.10. Top prices: $2,000 paid by 
Silas Igo, of Palmyra, la., for the cow Belle 



Bloomer, 2d, 23,218, and Edgrewood Belle, 
32,260, both consigned by Cantlne Bros. & 
Stevenson, of Holstein, la. 

1902. June isth. — Indianapolis combination 
sale of foiled Durham cattle. Average of 
fiifty-twn head, $424.70. Top price, co\<^ 
Colden Heather, sold to J. F. Jennings, of 
Streator, 111., for $3,525. 

1902, July 4th. — Ma.jor Daingerfield broke 
the record for a mile and five-eighths over 
the track at Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., in 
2:47 3-5. He had 123 pounds up. 

1902, July 5th. — At Brighton Beach, N.Y.. 
Gold Heels established a new Derh.v record 
of 2:03 4-5, the fastest over a circular track. 

1902, July oOth. — Konnibert captured the 
mile and one-eighth running record by going 
the distance in 1:51 at Brighton Beach, 
N. Y. The record of 1:51 1-5 was formerly 
held by Watercure. 

1902, July 30th. — Sale of Shorthorns by A. 

i'hr.vstal at Marshall, Mich. Top price, 

1,500, for Imp. Lady Bell, 3d, and female 

ilf, bought by E. G. Stevenson, of Detroit, 

Mich. A\erage for sixty-seven head, $266.95. 

1902, August. — Native heef cattle sold at 
'hicago up to $9.00 per 100 pounds. 

1902, Augu.9t 3d.— Pueblo (Colo.) Stock 
Vards opened for business. The officers are 
IS follows. C. G. Warner. President, of St. 
~t Louis, Mo.; N. Douthltt, \'ice-President 
I lid General Manager, of Kansas City, Mo.; 
' !. P. Robinson, Traffic Manager; W. H. 
lUirnett, Superintendent, of Pueblo, Colo. 

1902, August 5th. — Brady Union Stock 
Yards at Atlanta, Ga., organized. President, 
'1'. B. Brady; Vice-President, John Oliver; 
Secretary, J. M. Brady. Opened for husines'j 
November 10th, 1902. 

1902, August 13th. — ^Shorthorn sale at 
Hamilton .Stock Yards, Canada. The fifty- 
eight head averaged $425.43. Top sale, the 
Imp. Wanderer's Last, consigned by Captain 
T. E. Robson, of Ilderton, Ontario, and sold 
to Geo. Bothwell, of Nettleton, Mo., for 
$2,005. 

1902, August 16th. — Lord Derby, bay 
gelding, by Mambrlno King, dam Claribel, 
by Almant, Jr., established the mile trotting 
record to wagon in a race of 2:05%, beating 
the the previous record of 2:10, held jointly 
by John A. McKerron and The Monk. 

1902, August ISth. — The Musketeer nego- 
tiated seven-eighths of a mile at the Sara- 
toga, N. Y.. track in 1:25. This was the 
best running record over a circular track. 





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ELECTIONEER — FAMOUS TROTTING 
SIRE. By Hambletonian. Sire of Arion, 
2:07%: Sunol, 2:08U: Palo Alto, 2:08%; and 
many others with fast records. From pho- 
tograph picture taken in 1873 by Schreiber 
& Sons. Philadelphia, Pa. 



1902, August 21st. — .\t a sale of Poland- 
China swine by Shallenburger & Cox, of 
Ohio Mr. I-. Lukens, of Disco, 111., bought 
the five-year-old boar, Big Chief Tecumseh, 
2d, for $2,100. 

1902, Vugust 24th. — Lou Dillon trots the 
first mile in 2:00 at Readville, Mass. 



74 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1903, August 27th and 28th. — Hereford 
rattle sale a/t Des Moines, la. The seventy- 
two head averaged $218. Top price of the 
sale, $540. 




HBATHBRBLOOM — The greatest jumper 
of them all, with Donelly up. Copyright 
photo by Schreiber in 1902. 



1902, September 1st. — The fastest ruimins 

time for a mile and three-sixteenths was 
made at Chicago by Scintillant, II., the 
mark being 1:57 2-5. 

1902, September 2d and 3d. — Sale of Here- 
ford cattle at Hamline, Minn. The sixty-one 
head sold for an average of $225. 

1902, September 4th.— «ale of Shorthorns 
at Hamline, Minn. Forty-eight head aver- 
aged $450.50. Top price, $1,500, for N. A. 
Ijind's bull Fearless Victor, 174,014, bought 
by John Lister, of Conrad, la. 

1902. September'4th. — First public sale of 
Berkshires at the Ohio State Fair. Average 
of forty-four head, $28.75; top price for 
boar, $70; for sow, $100. 

1902, September 9th. — Shorthorn sale by 
Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith and J. G. Robhins 
& Sons at Cambridge City, Ind. Average of 
thirty head, $419.65. Top price, $1,200, for 
Imp. cow Maggie, 12th, sold to E. E. Souers, 
of Warren, Ind. 

1902, September Kith. — Extraordinary sale 
at Indianapolis, Ind., of Herefords owned bv 
Clem Graves, of Bunker Hill, Ind. Th« 
forty-three head averaged $1,007. Top 
prices include the bull Cru.sader, 86,5af;, 
by Ed. Hawkins for $12,000. The cow Dolly, 
2d, 61,799, al.so bought by Ed. Hawkins for 
$7,000. 

1902. — On September 29th, the sheep re- 
ceipts at the Chicago Union Stock Yards 
were 59,362 head, breaking all previous 
records for a single day's run at any 
market. 

1902, October 7th and 8th. — At ChilUcothe, 
AIo., T. F. B. Sotham inaugurated a series 
of high-class stock cattle auction sales by 
selling 2,000 head of young cattle frrom the 
Panhandle of Texas. 

1902, October 9th.— Shorthorn sale by 
Charles E. I-add. of North Yamhill, Ore., at 
Spokane, Wash. Average for thirty-nine 
head, $330.25. Top price, $1,000. 

1902, October Itth to 16th. — ^Shorthorn 
combination sale at Victor, la. Average for 
105 head, $379.20. Top price, $1,140, fo«- 
cow Victoria of Hill Farm, 8th, consigned 
by C. C. Bigler & Sons, and so/ld to E. S. 
Kelley, of Yellow Springs, O. 

1902, October 15th. — Sale of Polled Dur- 
hams at Indianapolis, Ind. Average for 
forty head, $128.90. 

1902. — During the week ending October 
18th, 162.459 head of sheep arrived at the 
Chicago Union Stock Yards, the largest on 
record for a similar period. 

1902, October. — Western g-rass range cattle 
sold at $7.40 per 100 pounds; record price. 



1902, October 16th and 17th. — Combination 
sale of Hereford cattle at Indianapolis, Ind. 

Average for 104 head, $407.05. Top price, 
SI, 500, paid by S. H. Godman, of Wabash, 
Ind.. for the cow Beryl, 103,641, consigned 
by F. A. Nave, of Attica. Ind. 

1902, October 20th to 25th.^ — Berkshire 
swine at auction at Kansas City. Average 
of sows, S5S.60; average of boars, $48.60; 
average of eighty-seven head, $53.70. 

1902, October 21st. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
Cresceuf placed the two-mile trotting record 
at 4:17 in his trial against Onw.ird Silver's 
mark of 4 :2S',2. 

1902, October 21st and 22d. — Combination 
sale of Herefords at Kansas City., Mo. The 
average of ninety-six head was $304.40. Top 
price, $1,005, for Columbus, 29th, consigned 
by Benton Gabbert, of Dearborn, Mo., and 
bought by H. McEldowney, of Chicago 
Heights, 111. 

1902, October 21st and 22d. — ^Aberdeen- 
.Vngus cattle sale at Kansas City, Mo. Aver- 
age of ninety-eight head, $176.10. 

1902. — .Ml leading live stock markets 
broke the one-day cattle receipt record. 
i'liicago's total on December 1st was 36,553 
liead. The big day at Kansas City was 
[-September Kith, when 29,216 head were 
received. Omaha's largest total was on 
September 29th, when 13,228 head arrived; 
while the St. Louis record was 12,193 head, 
made September 23d. 

1902, October 23d. — Sale of Galloway 
cattle at Kansas City, Mo. Average for 
forty-seven head, $153.60. Top price. $1,115, 
paid by O. H. Swigart, of Champaign, 111., 
for the cow Dorothea, 18,673, consigned by 
C. N. Moody, of Atlanta, Mo. 

1902, October 23d and 24th. — Shorthorn 
cattle sale at Kansas City, Mo. Average of 
sixty-six head, $247.50. 

1902, October 2Sth. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
Direct Hal and Prince Direct, both sons of 
Direct, .■'4,113, paced a mile as a team 
against time and set a new mark of 2:05y2. 
The record prior to this was 2:08, made by 
John R. Gentry and Robert J. in 1897. 

1902, October 2Sth and 29th. — Red Polled 
cattle sold at Chicago by Captain V. T. 
Hills, of Delaware, O. Average for ninety- 
two head, $283.30. Top-price female, Fopsey, 
3d. sold for $1,125 to C. S. Carr, of Elm 
Grove, W. Va. Top-price bull. Popular, 856, 
.sold to J. H. Smith, of ChilUcothe, O., for 
SI, 200. 




THE INTELLIGENT HEAD OF MOKO— 
Famous trotting stallion, sire of futurity 
winners. 

1902, October 21st to 25th. — .Sale of 
Poland-China swine at Kansas City, Mo. 
The boar average was $58.70; sows, $61.50; 
average of 161 head, $60.50. 

1902, September 20th. — ^Sale of Percherou 
horses by H. G. McMillan, of Rock Rapids, 
la. Mare average, $267.40; stallion average. 
$630.70; average of forty-two head, $452. 
Top price for a stallion, $1,175. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



75 



1903, October 31st. — The stallion Cresceus 
Iroth two iuil<*s in 4 17, establishing a 
world's record. 

1903. — I-owcKt wheat, in AuRUst, 68 ',4 
cents; highest, in September. 'J5 cents. 

1902, October Slst. — At Los Angeles. Calif., 
Zamhra. bay gelding by McKinney, dam by 
Fairmount, broke the five-mile trotting 
record in a race again.st four other horses. 
He brought the time down to 1?:24. It 
formerly was 12:30%. the record of Bishop 
Hero. 

1902, November. — Fort Worth Stock Yards 
formally opened for business with support 
of niodern packing houses. President. J. 
Ogden Armour: \' ice-President. K. F. Swift; 
Secretary. O. W. Matthews; General Man- 
ager, W. B. King. 

1902, November Sth and 6th. — Aberdeen- 
Angrus combination sale. Average of seventy- 
nine head, $387.40. Top price. $1,050. for 
Imp. cow Pride of Aberdeen. lG7th. 

1903. — As a test of endurance, in the 
summer of 1902 Colonel Baskakov. of the 
Russian Headquarter Staff, undertook to ride 
from St. iVtcrsbiirg: to Odessa, a distance of 
1.716 versts (1.12S miles). Using two horses.' 
an English bred one and an Arab, alter- 
nately, he performed the journey in twelve 
days, an average of ninety-four miles per 
diem, and brought in both mounts in good 
condition, though neither had been subjected 
to any preparatory training for the under- 
taking. 

1902, November 12th. — Sale of Shorthorn 
cattle by .1. W. Smith & Son at Allerton. la. 
Top price paid by Randolph Bros. & Igo. of 
Indianola. la., for the cow Missie May. 2d 
was $:!.000. Five females sold above $1,000 
per head. 

1903. — Twenty-six auctions of pure-bred 
cattle held at Chicago. IlL.eiTibodying the 
six leading beef breeds and embracing 1,789 
head, sold for a total of $611,817, or an 
average of $312 each. 

1002, December Sth and 9th. — Combined 
sale of Herefords at Kansas City, Mo. Aver- 
age for seventy-six head, $227. 0."). Top price. 
$1,000. for the bull Hesiod's Best. 120.055. 
consigned by Benton Gabbert. of Dearborn. 
Mo., and bought by G. E. Reynolds, of 
Kansais City. Mo. 

1902, December ISth. — Hereford sale at 
Wabash. Ind. Average for sixty-three head. 
$225.70. Top price. $1,300. for the cow 
Clothe. ISth. 117.714. consigned by Wabash 
Stock Farm Company, and sold to Ed. Haw- 
kins, of Earl Park. Ind. 

1902, December 19th. — ^Sale of Percheron 
horses at Kansas City. Mo., by D. R. Hanna. 
Mares, twenty-one head, averaged $313.80, 
nine stallions averaged $570; average of 
sale. .$392. 

1902. — ^Calf receipts at Chicago. 111., were 
phenomonal. the total for the year. viz.. 
251.747 head, establishing a new record. 

1902. — The year's sheep record of all 
markets was broken at Chicago. 111. During 
the year the total aggregated 4.515.716 heajl. 

1903, December 13th. — Largest receipts of 
cars in one week at the Union Stock Yards. 
Chicago. 8.474. 

1903, December. — Chicago International 
Live Stock Exposition. Grand champion 
beef animal, the Polled Angus steer. Sham- 
rock; weight, 1,805 pounds as a two-year- 
old. Fed by the Iowa Agricultural College. 

1903, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
farm animals: 17,105,227 milch cows, 44,- 
659,206 other cattle, 46,922.624 hogs. 63.964.- 
896 sheep. 16.557.373 horses. 2,728,088 mules. 

1903. — Promisins: new fruits illustrated 
and described in Year Book, Department of 
Aigriculture: Akin apple, Terry apple, Heley 
peach, Welch peacli. Splendor prune. Sugar 
prune. Headlight grape. Cardinal straw- 
berry, 

1903, April ISth. — Holstein-Frifsian cham- 
pion cow Sadie Vale Concordia. A. R. O.. 
1.121. produced under ofRcial test 694.3 
pounds of milk in seven days, containing 30 
pounds 3 0.16 ounces of butter; also produced 
in thirty days 2.754.6 pounds of milk, con- 
taining 123 pounds 10 ounces of butter. 
Owned at time of test by Messrs. McAdam 
& Von Heyne. of Brothertown Stock F'arms. 
Deansboro, Oneida county, N. T. 



1903, .Tune 9 th. — New York spot cotton. 

12.40 cents per pound; highest In fifteen 
years. 

1903, .Tune 11th. — At Chicago Shorthorn 
sale, average $371.25 for forty-eight head. 
Imip. Lord Banff sold by George E. Ward, of 
Sioux City. la., for $2,105 to M. E. Jones, of 
Williamsville, 111. 

1903, June 12th. — New York auction sale 
of working coach horses realized an average 
of $7 07 per head. The horses had been used 
in working the coach Pioneer between New 
York and Ardsley. Among the buyers were 
Harry Payne Whitney. G. G. Haven. Jr., and 
other well-known whips. The former paid 
the top price. $4,750 for one pair. Several 
others were sold singly at $1,000 to $1,800. 

1903.— At Chicago. June 13th and 14th, 
Canadian Shorthorn sale. W. C. Edwards, 
of Rockland. Ontario, forty-five head; aver- 
age. $448.90; John Dryden. of Brooklin. On- 
tario, nineteen head; average. $565; M. H. 
Coclirane. of Hillhurst. Quebec, eighteen 
head- average. $683. Top price. $2,110. paid 
bv W. H. Dunwoody. of Minneapolis. Minn., 
for the bull Imp. Golden Mist. 182.753. In- 
cluding fifteen females by Geo. Harding fc 
Son. of Waukesha. Wis., averaging $502. 
the grand average for ninety-eight head was 
$536.40. 

1903, June 14th. — One thousand dollars 
paid for a peony called Jenny L.ind, named 
after the Swedish Nightingale. Sold by C. 
Betschler. of Canal Dover. O.. to C. W 
Ward, of Queens. N. Y. This peony blossoms 
early and is about eight inches in diameter. 

1903, June. — ^Kansas City Stock Yards 
flooded by liigli water. Business suspended 
fourteen days. 

1903, June 15th. — Armour Packing Com- 
pany comiTienced operations at the St. Louis 
National Stock Yards. 

1903, June 15th. — St. Joseph Stock Yards 
received 10.028 fresh cattle, the largest 
cattle receipts for one day on that market. 

1903, July. — History of Agriculture by 
Dates first issued by Philip H. Hale. St. 
Ijouis, Mo. 




LOU DILLON, 1:581/2 



1903, July nth. — At Cleveland, O., Lou 
Dillon broke the world's record for trotting 
mares by one-fourth of a second, going the 
mile in 2:03 '2. It was the second fastest 
mile ever trofted. Cresceus alone having a 
better mark. Millard Saunders was In the 
sulky, and two runners accompanied the 
little mare around the track. She reached 
the first quarter in 0;31>4, and the half In 
1 :01?4. 

1903, July 18th. — The first bale of new- 
crop Texas cotton was sold this day at the 
Galveston Cotton Exchange for $136, and 
bought by C. Kisenburg. It weighed 4 70 
pounds, and the price was a little less than 
?9 cents per pound. The bale was raised in 
Zapata counly. one of the southern Rio 
Grande counties, where cotton was not 
raised before this year. 

1903, August 17th. — Record run of cattle 
on the Chicago market; 36,727 head received 
this day. 



76 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1903, August 19th. — At New York, Dan 
Patch broke the Avorlcl's pacingp record at 

Brighton Beach by going a naile in 1:59, 
flat. The fractional times were: Quarter, 
0:29'/2: half, 0:.'^S%: three-quarters, 1:29>A. 
The best previous record was 1:59%, held 
jointly by Dan Patch and Star Pointer. 

1903. — In this year the United States and 
Canada made a record b.v canning 10,679,809 
casof of tomatoes, each case containing 
two dozen standard cans. 

1903, September 9tli. — .\t Syracuse, N. Y., 
the world's record for trotting geldings was 
broken by Major Delmar, its holder clipping 
a second from his own mark and three- 
iiuarters of a second from the former 
world's record established by Cresceus. Alta 
P. McDonald drove the gelding. Time by 
ciuarter.SH-0:31% ; 1:01%; l:3iy2; 2:01%. 

1903, September 2Sth.— Cattle receipts at 
Chicago the largest on record for one day — 
44,445 head. 




MAJOR DELiMAR, 1:59%. 



1903, October 10th. — At Lexington, Ky , 
Major Delmar reduced trotting record, ex- 
hibition mile to wagon, to 2:03%. Immedi- 
ately after the performance of Major Del- 
mar. Lou Dillon, driven by her owner, C. K. 
G. Billings reduced the record to 2:01%. 
Time — ^Quarter, 0:31; half, 1:01; three- 
quarters, 1:30%; mile, 2:01%. 

1903, October 10th, — Charmante of the 
Gron, 14,442, Guernsey cow, owned by H. 
McK. Twombley, finished the year's test, 
making a year's record of 11,874% pounds 
of milk, which contained 676.46 pounds of 
butter-fat, which, being churned and salted, 
would make 7S9.2 pounds of merchantable 
butter for the year. 

1903. October 24th. — At Memphis, Tenn.. 
T^ou Dillon, the peerless trotter, owned by 
C. K. G. Billings, of Chicago, and driven by 
Millard Saunders, again proved her right to 
the proud title of Queen of the Turf by 
trotting a mile under adverse conditions in 
the remarkable time of 1:58%. The daughter 
of Sidney Dillon was paced by a runner, 
and another followed closely to urge the 
mare to a supreme effort. A strong wind 
from the north swept down the back 
stretch, and it was not expected that she 
oould cut anything from her former wonder- 
ful record. The quarter was reached in 30 
seconds: the half in 0:59y2; the third 
quarter was passed in 1:28%; and the 
gallant little mare passed under the wire in 
1:5S%. The timers were Bud Doyle, Fred 
Hartwell and John Dickerson, and the 
watches all agreed to a fraction. 

1903.--Segis Inka, 36,617, Hol8tein-Friesian 
cow. sold at Averill & Gregory sale to Dr. 
AViTi. N. Landon, of Syracuse, N. Y.. for 
$1,600; highest-priced female of this breed 
at auction since 1888. 

1903, October 24th. — At Narragansett 
Park. Prince .-^lert clipped a quarter of a 
second from ihe world's pacing record for a 
half mile. The Prince was driven by Mart 
Demarest. 

1903, Octo^her 24th, — At Memphis, Tenn., 
Dariel, a bay mare, by Alcander, driven by 
A. McDonald, paced a mile in 2:00 '4. The 



former paciner record for a mare was held 
by Fanny Dillard, 2:03%. 

1903, October 24th. — At Memphis, Tenn., 
Equity and The Monk, from the stable of 
Mr. C. K. G. Billings, of Chicago, were sent 
a rtiie against 2:12ti, trotting to pole 
record. The two horses were driven by Mr. 
Billings in faultless style, and passed under 
Ihe wire in 2:09yt. 

1903, October 27th. — Major Delmar trots 
in 1:59%, establishing the world's gelding 
record. 

1903. — "Country I,ife in America" for this 
year says that the annual sale of cut roses 
in the United States amounts to about 
},6,000,000; carnations, i $4,000,000; violets, 
S750,000: and chrysanthemums — a short- 
season crop — .1700,000. The annual produc- 
tion is estimated at $100,000,000 each for 
roses and carnations and $50,000,000 for 
violets. 

1903, December .".Ist. — D. Rankin, of 
Tarkio, Mo., concluded a purchase of 3,500 
stock cattle and feeders on the Kansas City 
market, shipping- thena out in 125 cars. Con- 
sidered a record purchase of this character 
Iiy one man. 

1903, December. — Chicago Internationa) 
Live Stock Exposition. Champion beef steer 
tlie grade Hereford steer Challenger. Weight, 
1.750 pounds. Fed and exhibited by the 
Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, 
Nebraska. 

1903. — ^ Grain production of :he year: 
2,244,177,000 bushels corn, 637,822,000 bushels 
wheat. 784,094,000 bushels oats, 131,861 
bushels barley, 29,363 bushels rye. 

1903. — Higliest wheat, September, 93 cents; 
highest corn, July and August, 53 cents; 
highest oats, July, 45 cents. Lowest wheat, 
March, 70 Vi cents; lowest corn, December, 
41 cents; lowest oats, March, 31 cents. 

1904, January 1st. — United State.S' De- 
partment of Agriculture estiinate of number 
of farm animals: 17,419,817 milch cows, 
030,144 sheep, 16,736,059 horses and 2,757,- 
916 mules. 

1904. — Promising new fruits mentioned 
and illustrated in Year Book of the United 
States Department of Agriculture: Bloom- 
field apple, Doctor apple, Rossney pear, Mil- 
lennial grape. Perfection currant, Delmas 
persimmon. 

1904, January 11th. — Largest receipt of 
cars In one day at the Union Stock Yards, 
Chicago, 3,2'2S. 

1904, March 1st. — Auction sale of jacks 
and .jennets by I,. M. Monsees & Sons at 
Smithton, Mo. Top price for a lack, $1,500; 
average for twenty-nine head, $581. 




MISSOURI JOSEPHINE SARCASTIC- 
DAUGHTER OF MISSOURI CHIEF 
JOSEPHINp. Milk record for six months, 
as a two-year-old: 7,037 pounds^ This is 
334 pounds higher than her dam's record at 
the same age. Bred and owned by the 
University of Missouri. 



1904, March 24th. — ^In the open market at 
Chicago a roan Shire draft gelding was sold 
for the record price of $660. According to 
the Drovers' Journal, this champion roan 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



77 



drafter was consigned by William Gray, of 
Mechanicsvillc, la.. and purchased by 
Armour &. Cn. at the hierhesl price paid in 
liie open market for a drafter for commer- 
cial use. The seldins was four years olil 
and weig'hed ",210 pound.s. This champion 
drafter was bred by I'erry Terrill, of Oxford 
inils, Jones county. la., and was sired by 
the imported .Shire st.'illion Ringnia-ster. and 
whose daiii was sired liy the imported Shire 
stallion liinglead^r. 'I'his .tfeldini; fulfilled 
the proinise of his high quality by winning 
the blue ribbon in his class at the Interna- 
tion.il Live Stock Show. 

1$)(U, April l.-t. — Geo. H. Northrup. of 
Raceville. Washin.if ton county, Newj Voile, 
reported- having solil nineteen Kose Conilt 
.^linon^a fowls for .13,400. breaking tht 
world's record in poultry sales. Victor, the 
first-prize oock at (Miicago, brought .$1,000, 
pnd Headlight. :'d. the -second-prize cock at 
Chicago, lirought $',iii\. The Ijuyer was Henry 
Schnltz Von Scluiltzt-nstein, of Berlin, 
Germany. 

1904. — I'Oui><i!ina Purchase Kxposition 
opened April :;oth and closed December l.st. 
Jjive stork exhil)it tlie greatest ever recorded 
in history. 

1904, .June t.'ith. — The St. Louis National 
.'-^tock Vards received :i\> c.irs, S,S57 he.ad. 
Texas an<l Soiithpiii cattle — a record day in 
(luarantine cattle. 

1904, .Tune l^^th. — .M Cleveland. O.. Mr. C. 
K. (',. Billings rode Charlie Mac a mile to 
saddle in an effort to break the ainateur 
world's record of 'l-.lflVi. The lecord wa-; 
lowered to 2:17%. 

1904. — .\t the Louisiana Purchase Exposl- 
lion. through the resourcefulness and energy 
of Mr. Will B. Otwell. S.OOO Illinois farmers' 
boys exhibited a grand pyramid, consisting 
of 1,000 small pyramiils. each containing ten 
ears of piire-bre<l corn. 




HoL.STKlX (OW — .luLlf'. .i"H.\SSA. Al 
ten years old, in the ninety-day demonstra- 
tion test at St. Louis, she gave .5.064.4 
'pounds of milk and 169.99 pounds of butter- 
fat, equivalent to 212.48 pounds of butter, an 
average daily yield of 2.36 pounds of butter. 
She was first-prize cow at the St. Louis 
World's Pair, champion senior female at the 
World's Fair, and grand champion female of 
the Holstein breed at the same Fair. Her 
official test made on the World's Fair Ground 
at St. Louis was 544.6 pounds of milk, 19.61 
pounds of butter-fat. the equivalent of 23 
pounds and 14 ounces of butter in seven con- 
secutive days. JOLIE JOHANNA is owned 
by the State Agricultural College of Colo- 
rado. 

1904. — 'The stallion Carmon, 32,917, Ameri- 
can Trotting Register, 16 hands; weight. 
1,200 pounds in fair condition, was selected 
to head the stud to establish a breed of 
American carriage horses. C'armon was bred 
by Hon. Norman J. Colman, of St. Louis, Mo. 

1904. June ISth. — At Chicago, without 
feeling the touch of the whip or spur and 
running entirely on his own courage. High- 
ball, the three-year-old colt which W. M. 
Scheftel brought to Chicago from the East, 
won the American Derby at Washington 
Park. The time. 2:.?.3, equals the best time 
ever made for this event. 



1904, June 18th. — At Cleveland, C, before 
a. crowd of 10,000 horse lovers at the Glen- 
ville track, r.ou Dillon, the trotting queen, 
driven by her owner. C. K. G. Billings, was 
sent a mile to wagon to beat the amateur 
record of 2:10. The maic made the distance 
in 2-OC'l'. The last ini.irter was made in 
thirty seconds. 

1904, June 25th. — Wo.-id's Fair Trotting 
ilanilit'ap (at .St. l..ouis Fniv c.rounds), mile 
:ind a. (|uai'ter, won by Colonial Girl. Time, 
2:0!i>,,>.. Stake worth $41,400. 

1904, September 12th. — The largest one- 
day's receipts of horses and mules :it the St. 
Louis N;itiot.al Stock Vards, 4,242 bead. 

19(t4, Sei)tember 29th. — (ireat sale of 
hunters and hounds, tlie property of Foxhall 
P. Keene, at the stables of Van Tassel! i*t 
Keai-ney, New York City. Eight American- 
bre<l cross-country horses sold for $20,300, an 
avei-agc of $2.r,:'.7 per head, and a pack of 
imporlrd ICnglisb fcix hounds Ijrought $6,150. 




JERSEY COW — LORETTA D. As cham- 
pion cow of all breeds in the St. Louis Fair 
Contest. LORETT.\ D. is the latest grand 
champion of the Jersey breed. In the contest 
of 120 days this cow gave 5,082.7 pounds of 
milk, 4.8 per cent. fat. yielding 280.16 pounds 
butter-fat, equivalent when salted to 330.04 
pounds of commercial butter. 



1904, October 13th. — End of dairj- cow 
demonstration at World's Fair. St. Louis. 
Loretta D.. 1?1.70S, owned by the estate of 
VV. S. Ladd, Portland, Oregon, winner in 
contest. In 187 days Loretta D. produced 
9.214.7 pounds of milk, a daily average of 
.9.3 pounds, giving 414.64 pounds of butter- 
fat, equal to 4 90.12 pounds of commercial 
butter, an axerage of 2.62 pounds of butter 
per day. Loretta D. is a high-bred Jersey 

row. 

1904, October 21st. — The Monk and Equity 
ti'ot a mile in 2:07% at Memiahis. Tenn.. 
establishing the world's team i" -o'-cl. 




;i.\i: I'OO'MAS- 
tinguislied honor 



JERSEY r.l I I 
SIE. This bull li, 
of heading th.r i^hampion Jersey herd at the 
Louisiana Purchase Exposition. He was first- 
prize winner wherever shown and never 
beaten by any bull of his age. Presented 
here as a typical Jersey bull of the highest 
quality. 



78 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1904, October 24th. — At the Chicago Union 
Stock Yard.s. Mr. I,. M. Newgas.s made a 
record by selling: a matched pair of bay 
ai'aft gcldinss, the lea,m weighins; 4,4!>0 
pounds. The sale was made to Mr. H. K. 

Bloodgood, ot Boston, and tlie price was 
.*1,000 for the pair. 

19<)i, October 25th. — .At Memphis, Tenn.. 
Prince ]3irect and Morning Star pace in 
2:06, inaliing world's amateur team recor I, 
driven by •'. K. G. Billings. 

1904, October 2oth. — Uan Patch establishes 
world's pac-iri;; record at Memphis. Tonn., 
1 educing the jnark to iiTiG. 

1904, December. — Chicago Internationil 
\Ave Stock Exposition. Cirand ehamiiion be^f 
oiiiiiial the Aberdeen-zVngus steer Clear r.,ake 
Jute, fed and exhibited by the Minnesota 
Agricultural tJxperiment Station. T^ive weight 
at thirty-eight months, ],S!)5 pound.s. 

1904. — ^Grain production of the year: 
2.4(57,481,000 bushels corn, 552,400,000 bushels 
wheat, 894,595,000 bushels oats, 139,749,000 
bushels barley, 27,242,000 bushels rye. 

1904. — Largest receipts of horses and 
mules at any market in one year, 181,:i41 
head, received this year at the .St. I^ouis 
National Stock Yards. 

1904. — Highest wlieat, September, October 
and Deceniber, .$1.22 : highest corn, Novem- 
ber, 58 1/i cents; highest oats, February, 4C 
cents. I..o\vest wheat, .January, 81 ',4 cent.s; 
lowest corn, January, 42% cents; lowest oats, 
October and December, 28% cents. 

1905, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
fann animals: 17,572,000 milch cows; 43,- 
669,000 other cattle, 47,321,000 hogs, 45,170,- 
000 sheep, 17,058,000 horses and 2,889,000 
mules. 

1905. — Promising: new fruits mentioned 
and illustrated in the Year Book of the 
United States Department of Agriculture: 
Virginia Beauty apple, Carson apple, Crocker 
pear. Everbearing peach. Golden plum, 
Riley, Scioto and Pringle Damson plums, 
Trapp Avocado pear, Eulalia Loquat. 




Grand champion ear of corn. 



1905. — At the meeting of the Iowa Corn 
Growers' Association held at Ames, la., 
in .laiTuary, an ear of corn grown by Mr. H. 
.J. Hoss. of Parragut, la., was declared the 
.grand champion of the show. It was sold 
at auction and was bought by Jno. T. Alex- 
ander, of Chicago, for eleven dollars. 

1905, February. — The National Farmer 
and Stock Grower, of St. Louis, Mo., started 
the agitation against the high rate of 
interest charged upon farm loan.s. 

1905, March 6 th. — Largest receipts of 
liorses in one day at the Union Stock Yards, 
Chicago, 2,177 head. 

1905, March 11th. — I.,argest receipts of 
horses in one week at the Union Stock 
Yards, ("hicago. 4,768 head. 

1905. March 11th. — Largest receipts of 
horses in one inonth at the Union Stock 
Yards, Chicago, 18,4 48 head. 

1905, April 17th. — ^C. M. Rand, a horse 
dealer, sold the highest-priced car-load of 
draft horses on the Kansas City market to 
this time. The car-load contained sixteen 
head that weighed 1,600 to 2,150 pounds, 
and brought $230 to ,t275, or an avera.ge 
price of |25 1.51. The horses were shipped 
in from Iowa. 

1905. — In a three-mile running race at 
Oakland, Calif., Saturday, April 8th, the 
American record for that distance was low- 
ered by F.lle, a four-year-old son of St. 
Carlo, owned by C. StuV>enford. Carrying 99 
pounds, Elie defeated Dr. Leggo, the favor- 
ite, Veterano, Orchan, Barney Dreyfus, Fly- 
ing Tornado and Grafter, and covered the 



three miles in 5-22, the best previous time 
liaving been Drake Carter's record of 5:24, 
made at Siieepshead Bay in September, 18:^4. 




HE.VD OF MY LADY DAINTY — Typical 
New York saddle mare of the best class. 



1905, April. — M. H. Tichenor & Co., of 
Chicago, sold May Morning, a golden 
chestnut saddle horse, five years old, fifteen 
hands high, to J. H. Moore, for $3,650. This 
was at a New York auction and reported 
to be the highest price paid for a saddle 
horse on the auction block. 

1905, A.pril .''7th. — A pair of big niuJes sold 
for $540 at the St. lyouis National StocK 
Yards by Campbell i Reid and Western Sale 
Stables Comr-anv, reported as being the 
highest-priced pair sold in the open market. 

1905, May 21st. — Largest receipt of calves 
in one week at the Union Stock Yards, 
Chicago, 15,910 head. 

1S05, July. — -An arbitration award by the 
King of Italy respecting the Anglo-Portu- 
guese frontier in Africa, apportions the la.'=c 
piece of vacant or unappropriated land on 
that continent. It also awarded the \a'st 
piece of land available for colonization in 
the known world, Africa being under gov- 
ernment control. 




JOE PATCHEN, 2:0iy,— Black horse, by 
Patchen Wilkes. Holder of pacing record 
for fastest two-heat race by a stallion, 2:03. 
2:02'/i. Sire of Dan Patch, champion 
harness horse. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



79 



19<).>, May. — Two of the best mules ever 
seen at St. Louis were marketed by f'rank 
Platter, of ChillicoDie, Mo. They were a 
lipping hiK pair, weighinR over ;!,200 
pounds, and were s'ood a,ll over. The best 
evidence of this wa.s thai they brousht .f-'ito. 
One of Ihese mules wa.s what was properly 
designated "a cracker-jack." She was said 
by every dealer to be the best mule they 
had ever seen, not in a month, or a year, 
I'Ut their whole e.Kperience. She weighed 
l.tiHO pounds, and had the shape, the 
quality, the style, bone, foot and evi^rything 
to make her a remarkable mule. Several 
dealers bid $:j:-5 to SUliO for her alone. The 
mules were bought by Mr. Platter from Ben 
Broyles, of C.'hula. Mo. 

1905, May. — Largest receipts of oalve!* in 
one month at the Union Stock Yards, 
rhicago, 62, 7J" head. 

1905, August. — Reciproeity Conference at 
<'hicago for the purpose of encouraging 
irade in farm and ranch products with 
foreign nations. 

1905. — In the month of .July, New York 
received 314,560 packages of butter, the 
largest arrivals to that time. 

1905, .VugUot tith. — At Decatur, III., The 
Broncho paces in 2:03'.4. making a world's 
! e< or«l for mares. 




QUEEN ESTHER, 3,038 — ESSEX SOW. 
F^irst-prize winner and sweep.stakes sow at 
the St. Louis Fair, 1902, the only time 
shown. Her pigs were first-prize winners in 
1901, also in 1902. Bred and owned by 
Peter Miller & Son, of Belleville. 111. 



1905.-— At Spnngfield, III., on November 
2d, a sale of Shire horses was held by J. S. 
Wright and .'Storey & Son. The five stallions 
averaged $417, and the top price was .$97,5, 
paid by Wni. Spears, of Tallula, III., for 
l.orr^ Bob, a six-year-old stallion, sired b.v 
Dandy Dick. The best price for a female 
was $410, paid by C. G. Spence, of .'Assump- 
tion, 111., for Forest Belle, a four-year-old, 
sired by Rampton. 

1905, September 30th. — During the year 
ending on this^ day, tiie Guernsey cow Yeska 
Suniieam gave ]4,920.S pounds of milk, 
averaging 5.74 per cent, fat, equal to 857.15 
pounds of pure butter-fat and equivalent to 
1,000 pounds of merchantable butter, th;.<= 
lein-T the world's oUicial butter-fat recoitl 
made imder public supervision. 

1905. October Hh. — In a contest against 
time the famous champion harness horse, 
the stallion Dan Patch. established a 
world's record by pacins in 1:55 M. This at 
Lexington. Ky. 

190.5, October. — Largest receipts of sheep 
in one month at the Union Stock Yards, 
Chicago, 690,956 head. 

1905. November. — The Eastern stable of 
show horses belonging to Mrs. J. B. M. Gros- 
venor being sold at auction, brought a total 
of 854,250 for twenty-eight head, which is 
an average of $1,937.50 per head. The car- 
riage teain. The Baron and The President, 
sold to Dr. .J. G. Lyman for .|8.000. Pow 
■Wow a,nd Tomahawk, another pair, sold for 
?S,500 lo J. E. Denny, of Pittsburgh, P;i. 
The high price- for a single animal was 
$2,S00. paid for Petroleum, a 151/2 black 
gelding, bought in for Mrs. Grosvenor. 

1905. At New York, on November 22d, 
Cresceus, the famous trotter, was sold in 
Madison Square Garden for .$21,000 to M. W. 
Sava.ge, of Minneapolis, Minn, wlio also owns 



Dan Patch, Arion. and other famous horses. 
The only other bidder was P. H. McGuire, 
of New York, who offered $20,000. Nearly 
5,000 people were present to see the sale. 

1905. —During the year the pure-bred stock 
sales at the Chicago Union Stock Yards 
amounted to thirty-five, at which 584 head 
of c-ittle were sold ai an average of $161.90 
Jier head. The Shorthorns were 120; avei- 
age. $215.25. Herefords, 142; average, 
.$137.20; Aberdeen-Angus average, $156.08; 
and Galloways, fifty-six head; average, 
$155.70. 

1905, December — International Live Stock 
Exposition at Chicago. Campion beef steer 
Blackrock, .Aberdeen-Angus, two-year-old. 
weighing l,G50 pounds. He was fed at the 
Iowa Agricultural College and was sold at 
25 cents a pound. 

1905. —The canning of corn in the United 
Stales and Canada reached a total of 
13,418.665 cases, each case containing two 
dozen standard cans. Iowa led the list, 
with 2,557,104 cans. 

1905, December 5th. — At Van Tassell & 
Kearney's action stables. New York City, five 
hundred thorouKhbreil horses were sold 
under the hammer when Watercress sold for 
$71,000. 

1905. — (irain production of the year: 
2,707,993,000 bushels curn. 692,979,000 bush- 
els wheat. 953,216.000 bushels oats, 131,- 
551.000 bushels barley and 28,486,000 bushels 
rye. 

1905. — Highest wheat, February, $1.24; 
highest corn. May, 641/2 cents; highest oats, 
July, 3414 cents. Lowest wheat, August, 
77% cents; lowest corn, January and De- 
cember, 40 cents; lowest oats, September, 
25 cents. 

1905. — Promising new fruits mentioned and 
illustrated in the Year Book of the United 
States Department of Agriculture: Magnate 
apple, Oliver red apple, Rabun apple, Barly 
Wheeler peach, Banner grape, Josephine 
persimmon and the Chappelow Avocado or 
Tropical pear. 

1905. — Largest receipts of horses in ona 
year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
127,250 head. 

1906, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
farm animals: 19,794,000 milch cows, 47,068.- 
VOO other cattle, 52,103,000 hogs, 50,632,000 
sheep, 18,719,000 horses and 3,404,000 mules. 




THE PERCHBRON HORSE from LaPerche, 
France, is the most numerous breed of draft 
horses in the United States. 

1906. — The draft-horse sale held at 
Bloomington, III., January 4th and 5th, 
under the management of C. W. Hurt. 
resulted in a general average of $362.95 for 
fifty-three head. The eighty-nine stallions 
avera.ge $424.25. and sixty-five mares aver- 
aged $311.55. The Percheron stallion Pru- 
dent, sired by Hercules, sold at $1,650 to J. 
C. Good, of Flannagan, 111.; Germain, sired 
by Odeon, sold for $1,040 to Emanuel Cross, 



so 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



of Adrian, Mich. ; and Pedroe, sired by San- 
sonnett. 2d, sold to Wm. Rumney & Sons, of 
Somonauk, 111., for .$1,005. The top-price 
mare. Colly P., sired by Powerful, sold to 
Win. Zumdahl. of Forrest, 111., for $635. 

1906, January. — Ohio Chief, 8,727, a 
Diii'oo-JerKPy boar, was sold by S. E. Morton, 
of Camden, Ohio, for $2,000 to Mr. B. ,J. 
Harding, of Macedonia, Wis., this represent- 
ing the record jjrice for a Duroc- Jersey 
boar. Ohio Chief was bred and raised by 
Mr. Morton and was first-prize boar, two 
years old and over, and reserve senior cham- 
pion at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

1906, .January. — In this month the St. 
T.oui.s National Stock Yards received 29,8?1 
horses and mules, a world's record. 

1906, February 2d. — At a public sale of 
Duroo-Jersc.v swine, Helen Blazes, III., a 
daughter of Tip Top Notcher, out of Helen 
Blazes, bred by H. E. Browning, of Ripley, 
111., was sold for the record price of $1,000 
to J. Coy Roach, of Girard. 111. 

1906. — On February 5th, at Omaha. Mark 
M. Coad, of Fremont, Neb., sold American- 
Vired Pereheron horses under the manage- 
ment of ,John S. Cooper. At the sale seven- 
teen two and three-year-old stallions sold 
for $10,100, averaging $594.15, and eleven 
mares brought $3,sno, an average of $351, 
while the twenty-eight head averaged 
nearly $500. The top price was $1,000, paid 
by M. B. James, of Aurora, Neb., for the 
stallion Albion, and E. K. Miller, of Hamp- 
ton, Neb., paid $600 for Lady Beatrice, the 
top-priced inare. 

1906. — At a sale of Shorthorn eattle held 
at Perth, in Scotland, Lord Lovat sold the 
bull Broadhooks Champion to Mr. Miller, an 
Argentine exporter, for 1,500 guineas Eng- 
lish money, equal to $75,000 in American 
money. 

1906, February. — The grand champion fat 
steer at the Western Live Stock Show, a 
yearling Shorthorn, weighing 1,150 pounds, 
was sold to J. D. Miller at 33 cents a 
pound, the highest pricee ever paid for a 
steer in Colorado. The steer was fed and 
exhibited by the Colorado Agricultural Col- 
lege. 




SUSAN CUMBERLAND — Junior champion 
Shorthorn female at the American Royal 
Show of 1909. Exhibited by D. R. Hanna, of 
Ravenna, Ohio. 



1906. — At Vandalia, 111., February 25th, 
G. G. Council sold forty-two head of hogs at 
a public sale at an average of $258 per 
head. The hogs were Berkshires. This was 
said to be the world's record. Another higli 
price was set in the sale of Baron Duke. 
Fiftieth, which brought $1,600. This hog was 
sold to W. S. Oorsa, of Whitehall, 111. 

1906. — In March some public sales of 
Poland-China swine were at strong prices. 
E. H. Ware, at Douglas, 111., sold fifty-four 
head at an average of $119.33, with a top 
price of $380. E. L. .Jimison, at Oneida, 111., 
sold fifty head at $116 per head, with $910 
the top price, paid by Frank Walgemuth, of 
Elgin, 111., for Keep Sake, a Keep On 
boar: J. C. Hanna, of Middletown, la., sold 
forty-four head at an average of $110.60. 
with a top price of $320. Line Lukens, of 
Disko, 111., sold sixty head at $104.23 per 
head, the top price at the sale being $600. 



1906, March. — A notable sale of mules 

was effected at Atlanta, Ga.. liy Herren. 
Bradbury & Co. There were twenty head, 
averaging $452.50. One pair of show mules 
included in the lot brought $1,150 and were 
Topsy and Molly, World's Fair champions. 
It was a record price for mules. 




ORPHAN BOY — Grand champion jack at 
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1904. 
Exhibited by L. M. Monsees & Sons, of 
Smithton, Mo. 



1906, March 6th. — At the sale of jacks and 
.iennetsi held by L. M. Monsees & Sons, of 
.Sinithton, Mo., several records were broken, 
as follows: Highest-priced jack at auction. 
Good T^Tature, two years old, sold to Wm. 
Van Sweringen. of Holton, Kas., for $1,600. 
Highest average for jacks, $856.30 per head 
for thirty head, and largest total amount 
of sale, $31,990. The jennet average was 
$169.72 for twenty-seven head. High Style, 
a foar-year-old jack, sold to the Goodrick 
Stock Farm, of EUdon, Mo., for $1,510; and 
Beston, a three-year-old. sold for $1,42". 'o 
J. W. Stokey, of Causing, Kas., for $1,425. 
The best price for a jennet was $565 for 
Toddle, bought by R. E. Deere, of Buffalo, 
Missouri. 

1906, March 7th. — At Green Bay, Wis., the 
Hagemeister Stock Farm sold fifty head of 
Pei'fheron horses for an average of $501.50. 
The sixteen stallions included three at 
$1,000 and upward, and the average was 
$612.50; and thirty-four mares averaged 
$501.50. The top-price stallion was $1,250, 
paid for p^claireur, a six-year-old, sold to 
('on. Keef, of Depere, Wis. The best price 
for a mare was $900, paid by Fred Pabst, of 
Milwaukee, Wis. 

1906, March 19th. — A. .1. Lovejoy & Sons, 
of Roscoe, 111., sold the Berkshire boar 
Masterpiece, 77.000, for $2,500 at private 
sale, the purchaser being W. S. Corsa, of 
Whitehall, 111. 

1906, April. — At a combination sale of 
trotting horses held by the Bii^ir-Baker 
Horse Company, of Indianapolis, Ind., Grace 
A., 2:12U, bj' Anderson Wilkes, topped the 
market for trotters at $5,000, while the 
grand young mare. Alfalfa, 2;lli/4, by Argot 
Wilkes, brought $3,800, the top price for 
pacers. Numerous sales were made between 
."SI, 000 and $2,000. 

1906, April 3d. — At the St. Louis National 
Stock Yards the McFarlane Commission 
(^ompany sold twenty-one head of mules for 
Ratz Piros., of Red Bud, 111., for an average 
of $237.50, the record price for a load of 
mules sold on consignment in the market. 

1906, May 1st. — I.,argest receipts of calves 
in one day at the Union Stock Yard.i, 
Chicago, 9,284 head. 

1906, May 17th. — At the annual Spring 
Show held on the Island of Jersey, the cow 
Karank. the winner of the English Jersey- 
Cattle .Sooiet.v golil medal, established a 
butter record for the island. .She made 
three pounds six and one-half ounces of 
butter in twenty-fO'Ur hours, the best ever 
reached in a public test on the island. 
Karank is owned by Mr. G. L. Gruchy; was 
seven years old and 123 days in milk. There 
were eighty-one entries in the contest. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



81 



1906, May 15th. — ^Close of official year in 
liestinff HolHtein-Friewian fows for advanced 
registry. DurinK tlii.s official year IJtin 
Hoilstein-Friesian cow.s and heifers of all 
ases were officially tested for a period of 
\ seven consecutive days or longer, producing 
for the seven consecutive days oSl.O.'ii'.S 
pounds of milk, containing 19,701.3 pounds 
hutter-fat, and showing an average of 3.39 
per cent. fat. The average weekly produc- 
tion for each animal so tested was 376.7 
pounds milk, containing 12.75 pounds 
biltter-fat, equivalent to 53. S pounds milk, 
or over twenty-six quarts daily, and nearly 
fifteen pounds of the best quality of butter 
per week for each cow. 




HON. JAMBS WILSON, of Tama county. 
Iowa, United States Secretary of Agri- 
culture. He served the longest term of any 
Secretary of Agriculture. 



1906. June 19th-21st. — The dispersiou 
sale of the herd of Shorthorn cattle estab- 
lished by G. M. Casey, of Clinton, Mo., and 
later known as the Tebo Land and Cattle 
Company herd, took place at Kansas City, 
Mo. The result was an average of $30s.(jO 
for 166 females, an average of $1,1,01.35 
for eleven bulls, and a general average of 
$377.75 for 177 head. The bulls Included the 
grand champion Choice Goods, 1S6,S02, sold 
at .$5,500 to Howell Reese, of Pilger, Neb. 
Two sons of Choice Goods sold at $1,500 
each. The top price for females was the 
imported cow Marengo's Lavender Countess 
with heifer calf by Choice Goods at foot 
and sold for S2,150 to C. E. Leonard & Son. 
of Bell .\ir, Mo. The grand champion cow 
Ruberta also sold to Howell Reese at 11 3J"> 
Thirty-one of the get of Choice Goods -sold 
at the sale for $•18,734.85. The total amount 
realized at the sale was $63,337. 

1906. June. — De Kolle Creamelle, 59,15S 
Holsteiii row owned by D, W. Field, of 
Dutcbland Farms. Montello. Mass., finished 
a hundred-day milking test, giving 10. HIT 
poutids of milk, 2. 84 per cent, fat, or 28 1 
pounds of butter-fat, equivalent to '35 
pounds of merchantable butter. This (n\\ 
is claimed to hold the largest official smgU 
day milk record, 119.4 pounds of milk, tin 
largest seven-day record, 780.3 pounds n\ 
milk: the largest thirty-day record, 3,20ii 
pounds of milk: the largest sixty-day recoiii 
6,251 pounds of milk: the largest ninetv-d.i\ 
record, 9,454 pounds of milk: and tin 
largest hundred-day record, 10,017 pound 
of milk. The hundred-day milking teconl 
was nearly equal to twelve gallons of mill\ 
per day. 

1906. June 29th. — The President sisnod 
the bill passed by Congress and introduc o I 
by Hon. W. A. Rodenberg, of Illinois. \\ hu h 
extends the time of live stock in transit 
without unloading from a limit of twenty- 
eight hours to a maximum of thirty-six 
hours. This is to be done upon written 
request of the owner or person in charge of 
the particular shipment. 

1906, June 29th. — Congress passed a law 
providing for an appropriation of $3,000,000 



to defray the expenses of enlarged inHpec- 
tion of American live stock and live stock 
products, the same to be as formerly under 
the control of the United States Department 
of Agriculture. For a long time the bill 
was delayed through a determined effort to 
change existing method.^ and saddle the 
salaries of the government inspectors upon 
the stock raisers of the country by first 
charging it up to the packers, who would 
.simply buy all stock subject to inspection 
and clearance certificate, thereby shifting 
a direct tax of so much per head upon all 
live stock sold in market to be paid by the 
owner thereof. The happy result whereby 
eighty millions of people pay the tax and 
the government pays and controls its own 
inspectors wat: largely due to the House 
Committee of Agriculture and more espe- 
cially to Hon. James W. Wads worth, of 
Xew York state, to whom the farmers an.l 
'tnck raisers are under great obligation. 

1906, August. — In England the American 
eleven-year-old mare Grace Greenlander. 
-':1SV,, reduced the trotting: record for three 
miles in a race and over a half-mile track 
to 7:]5'"i. The fractional time was: Half, 
1:11: mile, 2-23; one and one-half miles, 
2-36: two miles, 4:50; two and one-half 
miles, r, 04; three miles, 7:15%; making the 
fecond mile in 2:37 and the third in 
2:25%. Threo other horses started, two of 
which did not finish, while the third came 
in about 20 yards behind. 

1906. — .\t Readville. Mass, August 31st. 
the seven-year-old mare Ecstatic paced a 
mile in 2:01 >4, reducing the record for a 
pacing mare in a race. 

1906, August 25th. — At Gale-s-burg. III., the 
hay mare The Broncho distinguished herself 
l^y pacing a mile in 2:00%, establishing 
the one-mile pacing record for a mare 
aeainst time. 

1906, .\ugust 25th. — .\t Readville, Mass.. 
the pacing gelding Bolivar, by Wayland W., 
2I2V2, dam Belle W., by Conn's Harry 
Wilkes, negotiated a mile in a "-ace in 
2:00%. equaling the performance of Prince 
Alert in 1901. 

1906, August 29th.— At Readville, Mass., 
the gelding M^• Star reduced the gelding 
pacing record for a now performer to 
2-03%. 

1906. — .\t Libertyville, 111., September 7th, 
the brown stallion Solon Grattan trotted a 
mile in 2:10 v, on a half-mile track, thereby 
estal)li>.hing a record. 

1906, September 12th. — At Syracuse, N. Y. 
the bay mare .-^weet Marie trotted a mile in 
a race in 2:03%, establishing a world's 
record. 

1906. — .\t Columbus, Ohio, September 17th, 
the brown mare Italia established a record 
for a new performer by pacing a mile in 

2:04 v.. 




SWEET MARIE, 2:02. 



1906, September 18th. — At Columbus, Ohio 
the bay flllj- Brenda. York, by Moko, paced 
a mile in 'i:08%, thereby establishing a 
record for three-year-old fillies. 



82 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



1906. September 21st. — At Columtous, Ohio, 
Sweet Marie, in her ninth year, in a contebt 
against time, negotiated the trotting: mile in 
3:02. She went the first quarter in 0:30; 
the half in 0:59%; and three-quarters in 
] :30. .Sweet Marie was driven by Alta 
McDonald. 




vf^!^?fy>ff)jfKrrf^'^ 




AMERICAN GIRI., — A famous prize-win- 
ninK bay saddle mare, bred by J. D. & I^. B. 
Smith, of New Berlin, 111. Foaled in 1.S92. 
Owned later by \V. .1. Hoe, of Oshkosh, Wis. 



1906. — At Columbus, Ohio, September 21st, 
The Abbe, black colt, by Chimes, trotted a 
mile in 2:10 ',4, giving him the joint claim 
to record made by Arion in 1902. 

1906, September 2Cth. — The First Cow 
'IVht Association organized in Newago 
county, Michigan. Tlie plan is that fifteen 
or twenty dairymen form an asisociation and 
pay $1.00 per cow per year to help defray 
the expenses of the test. A competent 
person is hired to make the tests. By tliis 
means records are kept and the good dairy 
cows become known and bred from and the 
unprofitable cows are sent to the butcher. 

1906, October 6th. — Largest receipts of 
sheep in one week at the Union Stock Yards, 
Chicago, 179. -iSO head. 

1006. October Sth. — Educational poultry 
exhibit car started on the Missouri Pacific 
Railroad. Was on tiie road twelve days; 
stopped fifteen times and held eighteen 
meetings; forty-nine lectures were delivered; 
4.0,SO persons attended the meetings and 
l.''>,250 people visited the car. It was in 
charge of .Tohn T. Stinson, Agricultural 
.^gent; C. M. I^ewelling, Poultry Speaker; 
Henry Steinmesch, Kxpert Poultryman and 
.fudge. R. M. Washburn, State Dairy Com- 
missioner, delivered addresses on dairy 
subjects. 

1906. October Oth. — .\t a sale of Western 
isjnjjp horses held \-y Campbell i*t Reid and 
Western Sale Stables Company at the St. 
IjOU's National Stock Yards, 3,4'42 horses 
were sold at auction in six hours, establish- 
ing a world's record. J. Tobe Ward and 
P. M. Gross officiated as auctioneers. These 
horses brought $172,0000. A load of these 
Western range horses sold for $111.00 round, 
the highest price e\ er paid for a load of 
ran^e horses at public auction. 

1906, October Kith. — "First Apple Day" 
set apart to be celebrated every year so long 
.Ts time shall last. This was by the Ameri- 
can Apple Growers' Congress at their 
annual meeting held at St. I^ouis. The 
oHlcers' President, Henry M. Dunlap, of 
Savoy, 111.; Vice-President, W. R. Wilkinson, 
of St. Louis; Secretary, T. C. Walsh, of 
Hannibal, Mo.; Treasurer, Wesley Greene, of 
Oes Moines, la. ; Statistician, John A. 
Stinson, of Springfield, Mo. Afpple Day is 
the third Tuesday in October. 

1906. October. — The Joseph A. Maxwell 
Mule Comipany, of St. Louis, Mo., consigned 
twenty-seven mules to the opening of the 
Piss, Doerr &■ Carroll Grand Pavilion in New 



York City, where they were sold at auction 
by electric light on October 25th at S p. m., 
following the sale of a lot of Percheron 
horses. They were sold by the pair at a 
range of $525 to $750, two pairs of them 
bringing $750 each. These mules stood Ifi 
to 17.1 hands, and the average weight was 
1.500 pounds, which is 30 pounds more 
than the average weight of a 16-hand mule. 

1906, October "2d. — At Lima, O., George 
(.., bay gelding, trotted a mile against time 
'in a half-mile track in 2:0S%, thereby 
■ stablishing a world's gelding half-mile 
iiack record. 

1906. November 7th. — Near Lawton, Okla., 
1 negro girl from Hill county, Texas, picked 
70.5 pounds of cotton in one day. She was 
but fifteen years old, and this was claimed 
to be a world's record for cotton picking, 
considering age, size and sex. 

1906. — On November 29th, Sweet Marie, 
tl e ianious trotting mare, with the record of 
_' 02, was sold at Madison Square Garden 
lor $14,000 to E. T. Stotesbury, a Philadel- 
ph:a banker. Sweet Marie was bred by 
I'rank C. Shumaker, of Los Angeles, Calif. 

1906, Novenrber. — ^Mr. J. Ogden Armour 
bestowed $5,000 annually to 1)6 distributed 
at the International Live Stock Exposition 
of Chicago and to be com.peted for by the 
State \gricultural Colleges'. This provides 
for twenty scholarships to be known in his 
name. In making the presentation Mr. 
\rmour said: "It is my desire that the 
recipients of the scholarships lie limited to 
bovs uhose parents are unable to give them 
the ad\antage of an agricultural education." 

1906, November. — Jos. A. Maxwell Mule 
Company, of the St. Louis National Stock 
Yards, sold a pair of five-year-old, seal- 
brown mules, 17 hands high, the team 
weighing 3,710 pounds. These were bought 
l)y Robert Harrington and shipped by him 
to Atlanta, Ga., where they were resold for 
$1,000. 

1906, December. — International Live Stock 
Exposition, fjrand champion heef steer of 

the show the pure-bred Hereford calf Peer- 
less Wilton, 39th's Defender, eleven months 
old; weight, 975 pounds. The first calf 
awarded this high honor. A great exampie 
of baby beef. Bred and fed by F. A. Nave, 
of Attica. Ind. 




DRAGON — First-prize Percheron stallion. 



1900, December. — International Live Stock 
Exposition. The two-year-old Percheron 
stallion Dragon, first-prize winner, sold by 
McLaughlin Bros, to Mr. H. G. Spohr for 
the record price of $5,000. 

1906, December. — International lAve Stock 
Show. Grand champion, Aberdeen-Angus 
bull Vala's Rosegay. Grand champion 
feiTiale, Eileen I<ass. Grand champion 
Shorthorn bull. Whitehall Marshall; female, 
Welcome of Meadow Lawn. Galloways — 
Senior champion. Pat Ryan; female. Myrtle 
of Avondale. Herefords — ^Senior champion 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



83 



bull. Princeps, 4th; female, Heliotrope. 
F'ollecl Durhams — Senior champion bull, 
Groser .A liljolshurn ; female, Lady Abliols 

ihurii. Iteil Polls — Senior champion tiull. 

\Water Boy; female, Jessie. 




CI.ARA H. — ^CHEiSTKR WHITE SOW. 
Two year.s old. Champion at the Illinoi.s 
State Fair, 1905. Exhibited by W. A. 
Hoover, of O.skaloosa, Iowa. 



1906, December 24th. — ^Prom London, 
England, the first con.signment of Elig:lisli 
apples was sent to the Red Sea by (5. 
Hodges, of the Covent Garden Market, to 
Port .Sudan. The apples were packed care- 
fully in barrels, containing 120 each, all of 
the same quality and size. The sorts 
selected were as follows: Wellingtons, Blen- 
heims, Queenings and Greenings. 

1906. — Largest receipts of calves in one 
year at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 
413,2fin head. 

1906. — Largest receipts of sheep in one 
year at the LTnion Stock Yards, Chicago, 
4, sot, 449 head. 

1906. — Grain production of the year: 
2,927,416,000 bushels corn, 735,261,000 bush- 
els wheat, 964,905,000 bushels oats, 178,916 
bushels barley and 33,375.000 bushels rye. 

1906. — Higrliest wlieat, May, 94% cents; 
highest corn, June, 54% cents; highest oats, 
June, 42% cents. Lowest wlieat, August and 
.September, 69% cents; lowest corn, Febru- 
ary and March, 39 cents; lowest oats, 
March, 28 yg cents. 

1907, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
farm animals: 20,968,000 milch cows, 51,506,- 
000 other cattle, 54,794,000 hogs, 53,240,000 
sheep, 19,747,000 horses and 3,817,000 mules. 




GINGERBREAJ3 MAN — SADDLE GEL- 
DING. Winner of six championships and 
other prizes in 1911. Owned by T. H. Son- 
nenburg, St. Louis, Mo. Ridden by Mr. 
Jno. T. Hook. 



1907, January. — ^Mr. A. C. Van Meter, of 
lOlUharl, Til., shijipod fourteen mules in over 
(lie Illinois Traction .System. It was the 
hrst shipment of the kind over the new 
road. The load of mules sold at sight to 
Mr. Adolph Ueinian for *235 each. — From 
<-ircular of McParlane Commission Company, 
SI. Louis National Stock Yards. 

1907. rioniisins new fruits mentioned 
:ind illuslraled in the Year Book of the 
I Mited Stales Deparlment of Agriculture: 
l>i|:cious ai)ple, Ensee apple, Lambert 
1 horry. Miller persimmon. Ruby persimmon 
anil Sandersha Mango. 

1907. — In this year 13,070.903 cases of eggs 
were the total received at New York, 
Clucago, Boston, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Mil- 
waukee and San Francisco. Largest of 
leiiiid to date. 

1907. (irain production of the year: 

2..'ili2.:i2i),(ioii bushels corn, 034,087,000 bushels 
wheat. 7r,1.44:;,UOO bushels oat.s, 153,597,000 
bushels barley, 31,566,000 bushels rye. 

1907. — ^Highest wlieat, October, $1.0514: 
highest corn, October, 06 1/2 cents; highest 
oats, September, 561/2 cents. Lowest wheat, 
January, 71 cents; lowest corn, January, 
39% cents; lowest oats, January, 331/2 cents. 

1907, March 1st. — Henry Gill, a veteran 
horse dealer had eleven loads of domestic 
horses on sale at the Chicago market in one 
week. They were all from Iowa. 

1907, December. — First National Corn 
.Show. Grand prize for the best ten ears of 
corn won by Mr. I^. B. Clore, of Franklin, 
Ind.. with his exhibit of Johnson County 
White. 




BE(ST TEN EARS OF CORN exhibited at 
First National Corn Show at Chicago, 1907, 
Exhibited by L. B. Clore, of Franklin, Ind. 



1907, December. — ^The National Farmer 
and Stock Grower, published monthly at St. 
Louis, Mo., was the first farm paper to offer 
quantities of champion seed corn as sub- 
scription premiums. The yellow corn used 
in the carapaign was grown by Mr. D. L. 
Pascal, of Iowa, and the white corn by Mr. 
L. B. Clore, of Indiana. 

1908, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
fanii animals: 21,194,000 milch cows, 50,073,- 
000 other CAttle, 56,084,000 hogs, 54,631,000 
sheep, 19,992,000 horses and 3,869,000 mules. 

1908. — Promising new fruits mentioned 
and illustrated in the Year Book of the 
United States Department of Agriculture: 
Patten apple, Bennett apple, Williams 
apple, Augbert peach. Champion peach, 
Eaton raspberry, Peter's Mango, Lonestar 
and Kawakami persimmon. 

1908. — Grain production of the year: 
2.668,651,000 bushels corn, 664,602,000 bush- 
els wheat, 807,156 bushels oats, 166,756,000 
bushels barley and 31,851 bushels rye. 

1908. — Highest wheat. May, $1.11; highest 
corn. May and September, 82 cents; highest 
oats, July, 60 1/0 cents. Lowest wheat, July, 
841 2 cents; lowest corn, December, 56 cents; 
lowest oats, August, 4 6 cents. 



84 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 




1909, January 1st. — ^United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture estimate of number of 
farm animals: 21,720,000 milch cows, 49,379.- 
000 other cattle, .''>4, 147,000 hogs, S6,0S4,0(in 
sheep, 20,640,000 horse-s and 4,053,000 mules. 

1909. — ^Promising new fruits mentioned 
and illustrated in the Year Book of tlie 
United States Department of Agriculture: 
Mother apple, Coffman apple. Diploma cur- 
rant, Carrie gooseberry, Winfield raspberry. 
Victor Roselle or ".Jamaica Sorrel." 

1909.- -Union Stock Yards at Portland. 
Oregon, opened for business in the month of 
September. Stock is r'^ceived lioth by water 
and rail. 

1909, November 2d. — A ship-load of Aus- 
tralian meat, sterilized and chilled by the 
liinley process, arrived in I.,ondon after be- 
ing seventy days in transit. It was chilled 
at 30 to 31 degrees instead of the usual 
freezing at 10 to 15 degrees. The shipper 
was Mr. John Coolie, of Melbourne, Aus- 
tralia. 

1909. — Grain production of the year: 
2,552,190,000 bushels corn, 053,350,000 bush- 
els wheat and 1,007,129,000 bushels oats, 
173,321,000 bushels barley and 29,520,000 
bushels rye. 

1909. — ^Highest wheat, June. $1.60; highest 
corn, June, 77 cents; highest oats. May, 60 V:; 
cents. Lowest wheat. August, 9914 cents; 
lowest corn, January, 5SV4 cents; lowest oats, 
August, 36 1^ cents. 




GOLDEN GLOW — CHESTNUT SADDLE 
MARE. 15.2 hanis high; daughter of Rex 
Peavine, a son of Rex McDonald. Sold 
recently for $2,100 at Lexington. Ky., to 
Mr. Chester W. Chaoin, of New York City. 
The price is said to be the highest ever paid 
for a saddle mare at auction. 



1910, January 1st. — United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture e.-^timate of number of 
farm animals: 21.S01,000 milch cows, 47,- 
279,000 other cattle, 47,782,000 hogs, 57,216,- 
000 sheep. 21,040,000 horses and 4,123,000 
mules. 

1910. — Promising new fruits mentioned 
and illustrated in the Year Book of the 
United States Department of , Agriculture : 
IjOwry apple, Kinnard apple, Payne peach, 
Hoosier raspberry, Dugat orange. Family 
Avocado, Tamopan persimmon and Cecil 
Mango. 

1910, September 22d. — At the age of S5 
David Rankin, of Tarkio, Mo., died. Born. 
May 2Sth, 1S25, in Sullivan county, Indiana. 
He lived to be the most notable farmer of 
his day and the owner of the largest tracts 
of rich land. He raised a million bushels of 
corn on 19.000 acres in one year, but above 
all he was a stockman, marketing hogs and 
cattle of his own raising and feeding. 

1910. — Grain production of the year: 
2,886,260,000 bushels corn, 635,121,000 bush- 
els wheat, 1,186,341,000 bushels oats, 173,- 
832,000 bushels barley, 34,897,000 bushels rye. 



MR. R. A. JAMES, of Charleston. 111. 
hibitor of the best ear of corn of 
National Corn Exposition of 1910. 



1910. — Highest wheat, July, $1,291/2; high- 
est corn, January, 68 cents; highest oats, 
February, 49 cents. Lowest wheat, Novem- 
ber, S6i/i cents; lowest corn, Deceml^er, 44 V4 
cents; lowest oats, October, 29% cents. 




DAN PATCH, 1:55 — Pacing stallion. 
Champion harness horse of the world. 
Owned by Mr. M. W. Savage, of Minneap- 
olis, Minn. 



Note by the £ditor and Compiler. — 

Having collected the material for the 
Hi.'Jtory of Agriculture by Dates and placed 
it in pamphlet forin we are convinced that 
the work is a collection of scraps which will 
require considerable effort to correct and 
improve. It is, however, an original work, 
and by printing the subject of each item in 
bold-faced type there is practically no need 
of an index. Tlie History of Agriculture by 
Dates is sold at a fair price for what it is. a 
foundation work, to be pul^lished year after 
year, and be made better every time. 



HISTORY OP AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



85 



BOOK DEPARTMENT. 

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The American Apple Orcliard. 

By F. A. Waiigh. This work is 
the result of actual experience and 
observation of a practical man. It 
is what everyone interested in apples 
has been looking for. Of all fruit 
crops, the apple is not only the most 
popular, but it is alfo the most prof- 
itable, and in this book chief promi- 
nence has been given to modern 
commercial methods as practiced in 
large and up-to-date orchards. At 
the same time the family orchard is 
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of the subject has been given. 
Methods are discussed, not for their 
theoretical value, but from the 
standpoint of cash profits. Anyone 
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valuable and helpful guide. Illus- 
trated. 5x7 inciies. 226 pages. 
Price, SI. 00. Hale Publishing Co., 
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American (L'attle Doctor. 

By George H. Dadd, V. S. A 
complete work on all the diseases of 
cattle, sheep and swine, including 
every disease peculiar to America, 
and embracing all the latest informa- 
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American Fruit Culturist. 

By John J. Thomas. Containing 
practical directions for the prop- 
agation and culture of all the 
fruits adapted to the United States. 
Twentieth thoroushly revised and 
greatly enlarged edition by Wm. H. 
S. Wood. This new edition makes 
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ing to large and small fruits as well 
as subtropical nnd tropical fruits. 
Richly illustrated by nearly 800 en- 
gravings. 758 pages. 12mo. Price, 
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American Grape Growing and Wine 
Making'. 

By George Husmann. New and 



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author of this book is a recognized 
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2 69 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price. 
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The American Peach Orchard. 

By F. A. Wauah. This book is in- 
tended to be of service to the be- 
ginner as well as the commercial 
grower of peaches. An idea of the 
scope and completeness of the book 
may be had by noting the following 
subjects, each of which has been 
treated in a separate chapter: 
Peach-growing Geography, Climatol- 
ogy, Soils and Exposures, How to 
Get the Trees, Orchard Planting, 
General Management, Cover Crops, 
the Use of Fertilizers, Pruning and 
Renovation, Insect Enemies, Dis- 
eases of Tree and Fruit, Spraying, 
Marketing the Crop, the Family 
Orchard, Botanical and Pomological 
Status, Choosing Varieties, Variety 
Catalogue, the Nectarine, Utilizing 
the Fruit, Historical Sketch. To 
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Animal IJreeding. 

By Thomas Shaw. This is the first 
book which has systematized the 
subject of animal breeding. The 
leading laws which govern this most 
intricate question the author has 
boldly defined and authoritatively 
arranged. The chapters on the more 
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Bai'n Plans and Outbuildings. 

This book contains chapters on the 
economic erection and use of barns, 
grain barns, horse barns, cattle 
barns, sheep barns, corn houses. 



86 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



smoke houses, ice houses, pig pens, 
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Clovers, and How to Grow Tlieni. 

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Coburii's Swine Husbandry. 

By F. H. Coburn. New, revised 
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(Jranberry Culture. 

By Joseph .J. White. Contents: 
Natural history, history of cultiva- 
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ground, planting the vines, manage- 
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and difficulties overcome, picking, 
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132 pages. Cloth. Price, $1.00 
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Dadd's American Reformed Horse 
Book. 

By George H. Dadd, V. S. A trea- 
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horse, including all diseases peculiar 
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The Dairyman's Manual. 

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Fai'in Aritlinretic. 

By Charles W. Burkett, formerly 
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and Karl D. Swart^el, Professor of 
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For the first time in book making a 
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This book applies to the everyday 
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It supplies new, accurate, useful and 
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2 80 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
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Soil .«jnd Crops of the Farm. 

By George E. Morrow, M. A., and 
Thomas F. Hunt. The methods of 
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the soil are described in popular 
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the farm crops is accompanied by a 
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Be«>inner's Guide to Fruit Growing. 

By F. A. Waugh. The great ma- 
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the soil and who already knows all 
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HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



87 



The liook of Corn. 

Bv Herbert Myrick, assisted by A. 
D. Shamel, E. A. Burnett, Albert W. 
Fulton, B. W. Snow and other cap- 
able specialists. A complete treatise 
upoit the culture, marketing and uses 
of maize in America and elsewhere, 
for farmers, dealers and others. 
Illustrated. Upwards of .'JOO pages. 
rix7 inches. Cloth. Price by mail, 
prepaid, $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 
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The Rook of Wheat. 

By P. T. Dondlinger. This book 
comi)rises a complete siuay of every- 
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work of a student of economic as 
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tell the whole story in a condensed 
form. It is designed for the farmer, 
the teacher and the student as well, 
and the bibliography which accom- 
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any subject connected with the cul- 
ture of wheat. Illustrated. bVzxS 
inches. 370 pages. Cloth. Price, 
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The IJiisiness of Daiiyinj?. 

By C. B. Lane. The author of this 
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and handlers of milk and all who 
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Farm Crop.s. 

By Charles William Burkett. This 
volume abounds in helpful sugges- 
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the most successful growing of the 
various farm crops, whether large or 
small areas are allotted to them, and 
it is a plain, practical and reliable 
guide and tells of the best ways of 
handling crops from the time the 
land is made ready until the harvest 
product is sold. Contents: Good Soils 
Back of Good Crops, How Rotations 
Help Out; Crop Yields and Proper 
Culture; Wheat Crops For Stock 
Feeding; The Silo, Silage and Soiling 



Crop ; Every Farmer a Plant Breeder ; 
and Farm Crops. Illustrated, 5x7 
inches. 2SS pages. Cloth. By mail, 
postpaid, $1.50. Hale Publishing 
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Gardening T'or Pleasure. 

By Peter Henderoon. A guide to 
the amateur in the fruit, vegetable 
and flower garden, with full descrip- 
tions for the greenhouse, conserva- 
tory and window garden. It meets 
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Tlie Landscape Beautiful. 

By F. \. Waugh. In these seven- 
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Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista 
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Land Draining. 

By Manly Miles. A book for 
farmers on the jjrinciples and prac- 
tice of draining, giving the results of 
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drains. The directions for the laying 
out and the construction of tile 
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^larkct (iardening and Farm Notes. 

By Burnett Landreth. Experi- 
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farmer. A novel feature is the 
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etables will be especially useful to 
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HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



Making Poultry Pay. 

By Edwin C. Powell. A manual 
of practical information on poultry 
keeping. It tells what to do, why to 
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.S24 pages. 5x(5 '/^ inches. Bound 
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paid. Hale Publishing Co., 3.550 
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Management and IJreerting of Horses. 

By M. W. Harper. In this volume 
the entire subject oT iudging, feeding, 
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The book is illustrated with many 
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The Management and Feeding of 
Cattle. 

By Prof. Thonias Shaw. The place 
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apparent when it is stated that it is 
the first book that has ever been 
written which discusses the manage- 
ment and feeding of cattle, from the 
birth of the calf until it has fulfilled 
its mission in life, whether on the 
block or ac the pail. The book is 
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Bound in cloth, by mail, postpaid, 
$2.00. Hale Publishmg Co., 355;) 
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Modern House Plans For Everybody. 

By S. B. Reed. This useful volum.e 
meets the wants of persons of mod- 
erate means, and gives a wide range 
of designs, from a dwelling costing 
$250 up to $8,000, and adapted to 
farm, village or town residences. 
Nearly all of these plans have been 
tested by practical working. Pro- 
fusely illustrated. 2 43 pages. 5x7 
inches. Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale 
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Louis, Mo. 

The New Egg Farm. 

By H. H. Stoddard. A practical, 
reliable manual upon producing eggs 
and poultry for market as a profit- 
able business enterprise, either by 
itself or connected with other 
branches of agriculture. It tells all 
about how to feed and manage; how 



to breed and select incubators and 
brooders; its labor-saving devices, 
etc. 140 original illustrations. 331 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.00.' Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

The Nut CuHurist. 

By Andrew S. Fuller. A treatise 
on the propagation, planting and cul- 
tivation of nut-bearing trees and 
shrubs adapted to the climate of the 
United States, with the scientific and 
common names of the fruits known 
in commerce as edible or otherwise 
useful nuts. Illustrated. 290 pages. 
5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 

Peach Culture. 

By Hon, J. Alexander Fulton. The 
best work on peach growing. It has 
been thoroughly revised and a large 
portion of it rewritten, bringing it 
down to date. Illustrated. 204 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.:.0. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Quiniby's New Beekeeping. 

By L. C. Root. The mysteries of 
beekeeping explained. Combining 
result of fifty-years' experience with 
the latest discoveries and inventions 
and presenting the most approved 
methods, forming a complete work. 
Illustrated. 271 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price, postpaid. .$1.00. Hale 
Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
Louis, Mo. 

Insects and Insecticides. 

A book by Clarence M. Weed.D.Sc, 
Professor of Entomology and Zoology, 
New Hampshire College of Agricult- 
ure. A practical manual concerning 
noxious insects and methods of pre- 
venting their injuries. 334 pages, 
with many illustraticns. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
ing Co,, 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Fumigation >Iethods. 

By Willis G. .Tohnson. A timely, 
up-to-date book on the practical ap- 
plication of the new methods for 
destroying insects with hydrocyanic 
acid gas and carbon bisulphide, the 
most powerful insecticides ever dis- 
covered. It is an indispensable book 
for farmers, fruit growers, nursery- 
men, gardeners, florists, millers, 
grain dealers, transportation com- 
panies, college and Experiment 
Station workers, etc. Illustrated. 
313 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth-bound. 
Price, $1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 
355 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



89 



Grape Cultiirist. 

By A. S. P'uUer. This is one of the 
very best of works upon the culture 
of the laardy grapes, with full direc- 
tions for all departments of propaga- 
tion, culture, etc. With 150 excel- 
lent engravings, illustrating plant- 
ing, training, grafting, etc. 2S2 pages. 
5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.. 
St. Louis, Mo. 

Greenhouse Construction. 

By L. R. Taft. A complete treatise 
on greenhouse structures and ar- 
rangements of the various forms and 
styles of plant houses, for profes- 
sional florists as well as amateurs. 
All the best and most improved 
structures are clearly described. The 
modern and most successful methods 
of heating and ventilating are fully 
treated upon. Special chapters are 
devoted to houses used for the grow- 
ing of one kind of plants exclusively. 
The construction of hotbeds and 
frames receives appropriate atten- 
tion. Over 210 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Nicely bound in cloth. Price, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3 550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 

Greenhouse Management. 

By L. R. Taft. This book forms 
an almost indispensable companion 
volume to "Greenhouse Construc- 
tion." So minute and practical are 
the various systems and methods of 
growing and forcing roses, violets, 
carnations and all the most import- 
ant florists' plants, as well as fruits 
and vegetables, described, that by a 
careful study of this work and the 
following of its teachings, failure is 
almost impossible. Illustrated. 32 8 
pages. 5x7 inches. Nicely bound in 
cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 3550 VMsta Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Guenon's Ti'eatise on Milch Cows. 

By Thomas J. Hand, Secretary of 
the American Jersey Cattle Club. A 
treatise on the bovine species in gen- 
eral. An entirely new translation 
of the last edition of this popular 
and instructive book. With over 100 
illustrations, especially engraved for 
this work. 131 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Handy Farm Devices and How to 
Make Them. 

By R. Cobleigh. This book con- 
tains directions for making things 
for almost every conceivable farm 
purpose, including appliances for the 
care of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, 
poultry and bees; gates, fences, ap- 



pliances for the garden, orchard, 
woods, house, barns and outbuild- 
ings. In every instance there is a 
clear, complete description with 
illustrations. 5x7 inches. 2 88 pages. 
Cloth. Price, $1.5 0. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



Harris on the Pig. 

By .losepli Harris. The points of 
the various English and American 
breeds are thoroughly discussed, and 
the great advantage of using thor- 
oughbred males clearly shown. The 
work is equally valuable to the 
farmer who keeps but few pigs and 
to the breeder on an extensive scale. 
Illustrated. 318 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price. $1.00. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 

Herbert's Hints to Horse Keepers, 

By the late Henry William Her- 
bert (Frank Forr(sior). This is one 
of the best and most popular works 
on the horse prepared in this 
country. A complete manual for 
horsemen, embracing: How- to breed 
a horse; how to buy a horse; how to 
break a horse; how to use a horse; 
how to feed a horse: how to physic 
a horse (allopathy or homoeopathy) ; 
how to groom a horse; how to drive 
a horse; how to ride a horse, etc. 
Beautifully illustrated. 425 pages. 
5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 

Homes For Home Builders. 

Edited and arranged by W. D. 
King, architect, of New York. Farm 
and village house plans, also plans of 
barns, stables, poultry houses, etc., 
in great variety. 2 51 pages. 5x7 
inches. Bound in cloth. Price, $1.00. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 



Soiling Crops and the Silo. 

By Thomas Shaw, Professor of 
Animal Husbandry at the University 
of Minnesota. How to cultivate and 
harvest crops; how to build and fill 
a silo; how to use silage. The 
newest and most valuable of all 
bocks for the dairyman. It tells all 
about growing and feeding all kinds 
of soiling crops that have been found 
useful in any part of the United 
States or Canada — climate and soil 
to which they are adapted, rotation, 
sowing, cultivating and feeding. 
Also about building and filling silos, 
what to use and how to fill and feed 
it. Illustrated. 3 64 pages. 5x7 
inches. Cloth. Price. $1.50. Hale 
Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
Louis, Mo. 



90 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



Pai'm Development. 

By Willet M. Hays. It takes up 
farming as a vocation, tells about tbe 
geological history of the earth, ex- 
plains the way soil is made, describes 
the manner of selecting a farm home, 
how to subdue the land, how to drain 
and irrigate, and how to build roads, 
bridges and fences. The author is 
one of our leading agricultural 
educators and has been a foremost 
worker in introducing agriculture 
in the common schools. Profusely 
illustrated. 5i^x8 inches. :;;t2 pages 
Cloth. By mail, postpaid, $1..50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 

Farm Machinery and Farm Motors. 

By J. B. Davidson and L. W. 
Chase. Farm Machinery and Farm 
Motors is the lirst American book 
published on the subject of Farm 
Machinery since that written by J. J. 
Thomas in 1867. This was before 
the development of many of the more 
important farm machines and the 
general application of power to the 
work of the farm. Modern farm 
machinery is indispensable in 
present-day farming operations, and 
a practical book like Farm Machinery 
and Farm Motors will fill a much-felt 
need. Although written primarily as 
a text-book, it is equally useful for 
the practical farmer. Profusely 
illustrated. 5i/^x8 inches. 520 pages. 
Handsomely bound in cloth. Price, 
$2.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Tho Saddle Horse. 

A complete guide for riding and 
training. This is a complete and 
reliable guide book for all who 
desire to acquire the accomplishment 
of horsemanship and who wish to 
teach their animals how to perform 
various feats under the saddle. 
Illustrated. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. I.ouis, Mo. 

Farm Alanures. 

By Chas. E. Thorne. This is the 
most complete and exhaustive work 
of the kind ever published on the 
production and handling of animal 
manures. It tells in concise form 
the essential things that every 
farmer and tiller of the soil should 
know. A plain, practical account of 
the effects of various kinds of 
manures on the soil and the composi- 
tion of farm crops and of the effect 
of different fertilizing elements on 
their growth. The book will not 
only interest practical farmers, but 
intending farmers who feel the call 



to go on the land and grow crops, 
illustrated. 5x7 inches. 300 pages. 
Price. $1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 
35 50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



Talks on Manures. 

By Joseph Harris, M. S. A series 
of familiar and practical talks be- 
tween the author and the deacon, the 
doctor and other neighbors, on the 
whole subject of manures and fertil- 
izers, including a chapter especially 
written for it by Sir John Bennet 
Lawes, of Rothamsted. England. 36*; 
l)ages. 5x7 inches. Cloth-bound. 
Price, by mail, postpaid, $1.50. Hale 
Publishing Co., li'^ri) Vista Ave., St. 
Louis, Mo. 

Turkeys, and How to Grow Them. 

Edited by Herbert Myrick. A 
treatise on the natural history of 
turkeys; the various breeds and the 
best methods to insure success in the 
business of turkey growing. Illus- 
trated. 154 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price. $1.00. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Gai'dening For Profit. 

By Peter Henderson. The standard 
work on market and family garden- 
ing. The successful experience of 
the author for more than thirty 
years, and his willingness to tell, as 
he does in this work, the secret of 
his success for the benefit of others, 
enables him to give most valuable 
information. The book is profusely 
illustrated. 376 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publishing 
Co., 3 550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Farfu Stock. 
By C. W. Burkett. There are few 
men in the country better qualified 
to write on this subject than Pro 
fessor Burkett, late Director of the 
Kansa.s Experiment Station, and novv 
editor of the American Agriculturist. 
The v/riter handles, in a brief, yet 
Ijractical and thorough manner, the 
breeding and feeding, care and man- 
agement, of all classes of farm stock. 
The chapters on beef, mutton and 
pork making show how the small 
breeder can make money. For the 
average farmer there is no book on 
farm stock just like it. Written in a 
simple, straightforward way, with 
all technical terms and expressions 
fully explained, it is designed for 
the average farmer, yet the largest 
breeder can profit by using it as a 
guide. Fully illustrated. 5x7 Vj 
Inches. 350 pages. Bound in cloth. 
by mail, postpaid, $1.5 0. Hale Pub- 
lishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
Louis, Mo. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



91 



Tho Forage ami. Fiber Crops in 
America. 

By Thomas F. T-Junt This book is 
exactly what its title indicates. It is 
indispensable to the farmer, student 
and teacher who wishes all the latest 
and most important information on 
the subject of forage and fiber crops. 
Like its famous companion, "The 
Cereals in America." by the same 
author, it treats of the cultivation 
and improvement of every one of the 
forage and fiber crops. With this 
book in hand you have the latest and 
mofit up-to-date information avail- 
able. Illustrated. 428 pages. o^/gxH 
inches. Bound in cloth. Price, 
postpaid, $1.75. Hale Publishing 
Co., 3.J50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Forage Crops Otiier Tlian Grasses. 

How to Cultivjite and Use Them. 
By Thomas Shaw. Scon forage crops 
other than grasses will be grown 
from sea to sea. This new departure 
may revolutloni/:e the stock and 
dairy business of America. Professor 
Shaw's book tells all about it — just 
what has been done, how it was done 
and how any and every farmer caji 
do likewise. Scientifically accurate, 
the book is intensely practical. 
Illustrated. 287 pages. .5x7 inches. 
By mail, postpaid, $1.00 Hale Pub- 
lishing Co., St. Louis, Mo. 

Forest Planting. 

By H. Nicholas .Jarchow, LL.I). A 
treatise on the rare of woodlands 
and the restoration of the denuded 
timber lands on plains and moun- 
tains, full instructions being given 
for forest planting of our various 
kinds of soil and subsoil. Illustrated. 
2.i0 pages. .5x7 inches. Cloth-bound. 
Price, $\.:,0. Hale Publishing Co., 
•3 5r.O Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

The Horse; How to Buy and SelL 

By Peter Howden. Giving the 
points which distinguish a sound 
from an unsound horse. This 
volume abounds in general informa- 
tion, stated in so clear and simple a 
manner as to enable anyone to intel- 
ligently buy and sell a horse. 131 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

How Crops Feed. 

By Prof. Samuel ^V. Johnson. A 
treatise on the atmosphere and the 
soil, as related in the nutrition of 
agricultural plants. The volume — 
the companion and complement to 
"How Crops Grow" — has been wel- 
comed by those who appreciate the 
scientific aspect of agriculture. 
Illustrated. 37 6 pages. 5x7 inches. 



Cloth. Bv ma,il, postpaid. Price, 
$]..tO. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



How Ci'ops Grow. 
By Prof Samuel W. .lohnson. A 
treatise on the chemical composition, 
structure and life of the plant. \ 
.iruide to the knowledge of agricult- 
ural plants, their composition, their 
structure and models of development 
and growth; of the complex organi- 
zation of plants, and the use of the 
parts; the germination of seeds, and 
the food of plants obtained both 
from the air and the soil. Illus- 
trated. 410 pases. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth-bound, by mail, postpaid, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 

The Ice Crop. 

A book by Theron L. Hiles. How 
to harvest, ship and use ice. A 
complete, practical treatise for farm- 
ers, dairymen, ice dealers, produce 
shippers, meat packers, cold storers, 
and all interested in ice houses, cold 
storage and the handling or use of 
ice in any way. Including many 
recipes for iced dishes a,nd bever- 
ages. The book is illustrated by cuts 
of the tools and machinery used in 
cutting and storing ice, and the dif- 
ferent forms of ice houses and cold 
storage buildings. Illustrated. 122 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



Insects Injurious to Vegetables. 

A book by F. H. Chittenden, S.C.D. 
A complete, practical work, giving 
descriptions of the most important 
insects attacking vegetables of all 
kinds, with simple and inexpensive 
remedies to check and destroy them, 
together with timely suggestions to 
prevent their recurrence. Profusely 
illustrated. 5%x8 inches. 300 pages. 
Cloth. By mail, postpaid, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 35 50 Vista Ave.. 
St. Louis, Mo. 

Fruit Harvesting, Storing, Marketing. 

By F. A. Waugh. A practical 
guide to the picking, storing, shipping 
and marketing of fruit. The prin- 
cipal subjects covered are the fruit 
market, fruit picking, sorting and 
packing, fruit storage, evaporating, 
canning, statistics of the fruit trade, 
fruit package laws, commission 
dealers and dealing, cold storage, 
etc. No progressive fruit grower can 
afford to be without this most valu- 
able book. Illustrated. 232 pages. 
5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.00. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 



92 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



Swino in America. 

By F. D. Coburn. This great book 
on hog raising is a guide to every 
grower and a text-book to every 
student. What he had already done 
for alfalfa, Mr. Coburn now has done 
for swine. This great industry is 
treated in his new work, "Swine in 
America," in a most exhaustive 
manner. Every phase of hog raising 
is considered from a practical stand- 
point, and the latest contributions to 
the science and art of handling and 
managing hogs weighed and dis- 
cussed in this important work down 
to the hour of publication. If you 
have anything at all to do with hogs, 
get this book. This book contains 
650 pages, 6x9 inches, bound in fine 
silk cloth, gold stamping, making 
it one of the handsomest and most 
attractive agricultural books now 
before the public. Price, $2.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 35 50 Vista 
Ave., St. Louis. Mo. 



First Principles of Feeding Farm 
Animals. 

By C. W. Burkett. As indicated 
in its title, the book discusses the 
fundamental and first principles of 
feeding the animals of the farm. It 
is of simple construction, takes up 
the subject step by step, making it 
possible for the practical man or 
student to understand clearly and 
fully both the science and the prac- 
tice of this important subject. Illus- 
trated. 34 S pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publishing 
Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Vegetable Gardening. 

By R. L. Watts. This complete, 
concise and authentic book covers 
every phase of vegetable gardening 
and is especially well organized as a 
text-book and equally valuable as a 
handbook for practical growers. It 
treats fully the questions regarding 
soils, fertilizers, manures, irrigation, 
insect enemies and fungous diseases, 
construction of hot-houses, cold- 
frames, seed grov/ing, vegetables 
under glass, marketing, etc. Illus- 
trated 514x8 inches. 525 pages. 
Cloth. Price, $1.75. Hale Publish- 
ing Co.. 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

The Farmer's Veterinarian. 

By Charles William Burkett. This 
book abounds in helpful suggestions 
and valuable information for the 
most successful treatment of ills and 
accidents, and disease troubles. A 
practical treatise on the diseases of 
farm stock, containing brief and 
popular advice on the nature, cause 
and treatment of disease, the com- 
mon ailments and the care and 



management of stock when sick. It 
is profusely illustrated, containing a 
number of half-tone insert illustra- 
tions and a great many drawings 
picturing diseases, their symptoms 
and familiar attitudes assumed by 
farm animals when affected with dis- 
ease, and presents, for the first time, 
a ]jlain, practical and satisfactory 
guide for farmers who are interested 
in the common diseases of the farm. 
Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 288 pages. 
Bound in cloth, by mail, postpaid, 
$l.bO. Hale Publishing Co., 35 50 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, ?Io. 

Plums and Plum Culture. 

By Prof. F. A. Waugh. A complete 
manual on all known varieties of 
plums and their successful manage- 
ment. Plum culture is one of the 
most complicated of fruit specialties, 
and Professor Waugh is one of the 
best known of the specialists, and 
this work represents in an unusual 
degree the original discoveries of the 
author. Nevertheless, the discoveries 
and practical experience of others 
have not been disregarded. The 
book will be found indispensable to 
the scientist, to the nurseryman and 
to the cultivator. Illustrated. 391 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

The Study of Breeds. 

By Thomas Shaw. Origin, his- 
tory, distribution, characteristics, 
adaptability, uses and standards of 
excellence of all pedigreed breeds af 
cattle, sheep and swine in America. 
The accepted text-book in colleges, 
and the authority for farmers and 
breeders. Illustrated. 371 pages. 
')Xl inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista 
Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

The Potato. 

By Samuel Fraser. While the prac- 
tical side of potato culture has been 
emphasized, the scientific part has 
not been neglected, and the informa- 
tion given is of value, both to the 
grower and the student. It is the 
most complete, reliable and authori- 
tative book on the potato ever pub- 
lished in America. Illustrated. 200 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth-bound, 
postpaid, 75 cents. Kale Publishing 
Co., 35 50 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



The Soil of the Farm. 

By John Scott and J. C. Morton. A 
liandbook of the processes included 
in the management and cultivating 
of the soil. 107 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price, $1.00. Hale Publish- 
ing Co.,3550 Vista Ave., St.Louis,Mo. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



93 



The Cereals in America. 

By Thomas F. Hunt, M. S., D. 
Agri., Professor of Agronomy, Cor- 
nell University. If you raise five 
acres of any kind of grain you can- 
not afford to be without tliis book, 
it is in every way the best book on 
the subject that has ever been 
written. It treats of the cultivation 
and improvement of every grain 
crop raised in America in a thor- 
oughly practical and accurate 
manner. The subject matter includes 
a comprehensive and succinct trea- 
tise of wheat, maizo, oats, barley, 
rye, rice, sorghum (Kaffir corn) and 
l)uck wheat, as related particularly 
to American conditions. Illustrated. 
450 pages. 5%xS inches. Cloth. 
Price, $1.75 by mail, postpaid. Hale 
Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
Louis, Mo. 



Practical Floriculture. 

By Peter Henderson. A guide to 
the successful propagation and culti- 
vation of florists' plants. The work 
is not for florists and gardeners only, 
but the amateur's wants are con- 
stantly kept in mind. It also com- 
prises a very complete treatise on 
the cultivation of flowers under glass, 
or in the open air, suited to those 
who grow flowers for pleasure as 
well as those who make them a 
matter of trade. Illustrated. 325 
pages. 5x7 'inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Profitable Poultry Production, 

By M. G. Kains. This book shows 
liow poultry can be made more prof- 
itable. From cover to cover the 
book is written with the one aim of 
aiding the poultry raiser to make the 
most money from the farm flocks; 
hence special emphasis is laid on 
marketing both poultry and eggs as 
well as on breeding and feeding. 
Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 288 pages. 
Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 3550 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 

Weeds of the Farm and Garden. 

By L. H. Pamniel. The enormous 
losses amounting to several hundred 
million dollars annually in the 
United States caiised by weeds stim- 
ulate us to adopt a better system of 
asriculture. The wood question is, 
therefore, a most important and vital 
one for American farmers. This 
treatise will enable the farmer to 
treat his field to remove weeds. The 
book is profusely illustrated by pho- 
tographs and drawings made ex- 
pressly for this work and will prove 
invaluable to every farmer, land 
owner, gardener and park superin- 



tendent. 5x7 inches. 300 pages. 
Cloth. Price, by mail, postpaid, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis. Mo. 

Profitable Stock liaising. 

By Clarence A. Shamel. This 
book covers fully the principles of 
breeding and feeding for both fat 
stock and dairying type. It tells Ol 
sheep and mutton raising, hot-house 
lambs, the swine industry and the 
horse mar'^et. I'inally he tells of 
the preparation of stock for the 
market and how to prepare it so that 
it will bring a high market price. 
Illustrated. 5x7 inches. 288 pages. 
Cloth. Price, $1.50. Hale Pub- 
lishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
Louis, Mo. 



The Book of Alfalfa. 

History, Cultivation and Merits. 
Its Uses as a Forage and Fertilizer. 
The appearance of the Hon. F. D. 
Coburn's little book on Alfalfa a few 
years ago has been a profit revela- 
tion to thousands of farmers through 
out the country, and the increasing 
demand for still more information on 
the subject has induced the author 
to prepare the present volume, which 
is, by far, the most authoritative, 
complete and valuable work on this 
forage crop puTdished anywhere. 
Illustrated. 336 pages. 6 i/^x9inches. 
Cloth. Price bv mail, postpaid, 
$2.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Foundations of American Grape Cul- 
ture. 

By T. Y. Munson. This book is 
original, clear and practical, besides 
being the most accurately scientific, 
clear and practical v/ork upon Amer- 
ican grapes, suited to all sections of 
the country. It will be a fine money 
maker to every practical vineyardist 
who reads it, and a delight and help- 
mate to every home that grows a few 
vines about the house, on the trees, 
on walls or arbors, or garden trellis. 
Illustrated. 7i/^xl0 inches. 250 
pages. Cloth. Price, $2.00. Hale 
Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., St. 
Louis, ]\Io. 

Play and Profit in My Garden. 

By E. P. Roe. The author takes 
us to his garden on the rocky hill- 
side, and shows us how out of it, 
after four-years' experience, he 
evoked a profit of $1,000, and this 
while carrying on pastoral and liter- 
ary labor. Illustrated. 350 pages. 
5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.50. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista 
Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



94 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. ^ 



The Fniit Garden. 

By P. Barry. A standard work on 
fruit and fruit trees, tlie autlior 
having had over thirty-years' practi- 
cal experience at tlie head of one of 
the largest nurseries in this country, 
invaluable to all fruit growers. Il- 
lustrated. 516 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Cloth. Price, .$1,5 0. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 3 5 50 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 

Profits in Poultry. 

Useful and ornamental breeds and 
their profitable management. This 
excellent work contains the combined 
experience of a number of practical 
men in all departments of poultry 
raising. It is profusely illustrated 
and forms a uniqut; and important 
addition to our poultry literature. 
352 pages. 5x7 inches. Bound in 
cloth. Price, .$1.00. Hale Publish- 
ing Co., 35 50 Vista Ave.,St.Louis,Mo. 

The Science and Practice of Cheese- 
nsakhig. 

By L. L. Van Slyke and C. A. 
Publow. A treatise on the manu- 
facture of American cheddar clieese 
and some other varieties; intended 
as a text-book for the use of dairy 
teachers and students in class-room 
and work-room; j^repared also as a 
handbook and work for reference for 
the daily use of practical cheese- 
makers and cheese-factory operations. 
This Is a work which represents both 
the scientific and practical sides of 
cheesemaking and which, in respect 
to authorship, has been prepared 
under unusually favorable auspices. 
Illustrated. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, I\Io. 

Systematic Poiiiolojsy. 

By F. A. Waugh, Professor of 
Horticulture and Landscape Garden- 
ing in the Massachusetts Agricultural 
College, formerly of the University 
of Vermont. This is the first book 
in the English language which has 
ever made the attempt at a complete 
and comprehensive treatment of sys- 
tematic pomology. It presents clearly 
and in detail the whole method by 
which fruits are studied. The book 
is suitably illustrated. 2SS pages. 
5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, $1.00. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 

Farm I)rainage. 

By Judge French, of New Hamp- 
shire. The principles, process and 
efforts of draining land with stones, 
wood, ditch-plows, open ditches, and 
especially with tiles; including 
tables of rainfall, evaporation, filtra- 



tion, excavation, Capacity of pipes, 
cost and number to the acre. 3 84 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth, $1.00. 
Hale Publishing Co., 3550 Vista Ave., 
St. Louis, Mo. 

jMaklns' Hort: culture Pay. 

By M. G. Kains. This book con- 
tains a simple, concise but adequate 
discussion of soils and their care, 
fertilizers and fertilizing, water and 
its control, and the function of culti- 
vation. Then follows a discussion 
of fruit plantations and their care, 
the various orchard fruits of temper- 
ate Nortli America, and the small 
fruits of this region. The vegetable 
garden is treated generally, and then 
the various vegetables a,re taken up 
individually. After a general chapter 
on spraying, the volume closes with 
a chapter on ornamentals for the 
home grounds, gardens, the house 
and the greenhouse. Illustrated. 
5x7 inches. 2 88 pages. Cloth. Price, 
$1.50. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Small Fruit Cidturist. 

By Andrew S. Fuller. The book 
covers the whole ground of propa- 
gating small fruits, their culture, 
varieties, packing for market, etc. 
It is very finely and thoroughly illus- 
trated, and makes an admirable 
companion to "The Grape Culturist." 
2 08 pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.00. Hale Publishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Pear Culture For Profit. 

By P. T. Quinn, Practical Horti- 
culturist. Teaching how to raise 
pears intelligently, and with the best 
results, how to find out the character 
of the soil, the best methods of pre- 
paring it, the best varieties to select 
under existing conditions, the best 
modes of planting, pruning, fertiliz- 
ing, grafting and utilizing the ground 
before the trees <;ome into bearing, 
and, finally, of gathering and pack- 
ing for market. Illustrated. 136 
pages. 5x7 inches. Cloth. Price, 
$1.00. Halo Putlishing Co., 3550 
Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



Cider Maker's Handbook. 

Cy .1. M. Trowbridge. Contents: 
The properties of cider apple juice; 
apples, varieties and tests; apparatus 
for making cider; pasteurization.; old 
method of cider making. It is a 
complete guide for the cider maker 
on a large or small scale. Illus- 
trated. 119 pages. 5x7 inches. 
Bound in cloth. Sent prepaid for 
SI. 00. Hale Ptxblishing Co., 3550 
Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 



95 




National 
FARMER 



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THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER 

Is a nice, clean, general farm publication, full of practical, interesting and 
instructive information. It contains good reading for all the family. It is 
very useful to general farmers, to vegetable and fruit growers, and especiallv 
so to cattle, hog and sheep raisers and feeders, to horse and mule raisers and 
dealers, and it contains more good poultry facts than most of the poultry papers. 
The best live stock illustrations appear in THE NATIONAL FARMER AND 
STOCK GROWER. There are thirty-two pages, four columns to the page. It 
is published monthly. 

Send us Fifty Cents and we will send you THE NATIONAL FARMER AND 
STOCK GROWER for one vear, and we will also send you a copy of HALE'S 
HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE BY DATES. 

THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Ave., ST. LOUIS, MO. 









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The- LIVE STOCK 
iil CHAMPIONS. 

NOW READY FOR DELIVERY. 

Time to Life Pictmcs iJepioduced From Photograplis Taken in the 

Principal Show Kinsis of the American Continent by 

the Greatest Animal Artists. 

One Thoiisand Champions, 

Winners in Annual Live Stock Contests at State and National Fairs 

and Expositions. 

THIS i« a new edition of the most valuable book ever published 
in the interest of high-class stock raising. The pictures in THE 
BOOK OF LIVE STOCK CHAMPIONS are of famous animals. 
There are sweepstakes and championship winners at State, National 
and International Fairs and Expositions. These include individual 
awards in breeders' competitions, also herds with prize-ring honors; 
the beef cattle include grand champion steers and car-loads; the 
dairy cattle include record makers and large producers of milk and 
butter; the horses include thoroughbred, trotting, coach, draft, 
hunters, ponies, jack stock, etc. Hogs, sheep and goats are repre- 
sented by the best in every breed. The book is elegantly bound in 
blue cloth, 352 pages, with nearly 750 separate and distinct illustra- 
tions, one, two, five or more champions to the page. 

There is not a second-class animal or inferior picture in the 
book. Every animal is a record-maker, record-breaker, famous sire, 
mother of champions, or winner in the prize ring. 

Issued as a Souvenir Suppflement. 

THE BOOK OF LIVE STOCK CHAMPIONS is published as a 
Souvenir Supplement to THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK 
GROWER, issued monthly at St. Louis, Mo., a splendid, clean, 
general farm publication, full. of practical, interesting and instructive 
information. It contains good reading for all the family. It is 
very useful to general farmers, vegetable and fruit growers, and 
especially so to cattle, hog and sheep raisers and feeders, horse and 
mule raisers and dealers, and it contains more good poultry facts 
than most of the poultry papers. There are thirty-two pages, four 
columns to the page. 

Special Inducements. 

AN EXTRAORDINARY OFFER. 

We offer the first ten thousand copies of this edition at One 
Dollar per copy, including a two-year subscription to THE 
NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER. The first ten 
thousand copies are handsomely printed on coated paper and 
elegantly bound in blue cloth, with gilt title. No finer volume was 
ever offered. Send One Dollar with your order to 

THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., 3550 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo, 



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Subscription Proposition. 

Co-operative Clubbing Arrangement. 

Four Great Papers . . 

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For Only One Dollar* 

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THE NATIONAL FARMER AND STOCK GROWER 
— issued monthly— a magnificent guide and coun- 
sellor in all branches of farming, grain growing, 
fruit growing, dairying, stock raising and feeding, 
markets, etc. 

THE AMERICAN SWINEHERD — issued monthly — 
a leader in its class. The hog paper, the pig paper, 
the brood-sow paper and strictly first-class in 
teaching how to top the market by producing top 
hogs. 

THE SHEPHERDS' JOURNAL is devoted to 
sheep husbandry on the farm and on the range. 
It is equally valuable for the breeder as for the 
herdsman. It is issued monthly, printed on 
elegant paper, splendidly illustrated and edited 
by practical men. 

THE RELIABLE POULTRY JOURNAL — the largest, 
best and most elegant poultry journal issued in the 
United States. Great on breeding points, and splendid 
articles on raising, feeding and shipping poultry. THE 
RELIABLE POULTRY JOURNAL is distinctly practical 
in all articles. The writers are thoroughly expert in 
their particular branches of Poultry Husbandry and 
retain the peculiar quality of being good instructors. 
You gain something every time you read THE 
RELIABLE POULTRY JOURNAL. 





The four papers above mentioned ought to be on every farm and 
ranch. Taken singly they cost $2.00 a year. By our co-operative 
clubbing arrangement we are enabled to offer all four papers one 
year for One Dollar. Address us at once without fail. 

THE HALE PUBLISHING CO., ;i5.'i0 Vista Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 



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